RU2489841C1 - Method of rice cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to the technology of rice cultivation. The method of rice cultivation includes pre-sowing seed treatment with the growth regulator emistim. The emistim is used in a dose of 1-5 ml/t in a combination with the microbial preparation flavobacterine in a dose of 500 g/ha.

EFFECT: method enables to increase the efficiency of use of fertilisers, to reduce the dose of nitrogen applied in preplant fertiliser by 30%, to increase the yield of rice.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in rice cultivation technology.

A known method of growing rice using mineral fertilizers (see, for example, V.D. Agarkov, A.Ch. Ujuhu, EM Kharitonov Rice, Krasnodar, 2007. - 156 S.), including the main and pre-sowing tillage, application fertilizers, sowing, irrigation according to the regime of shortened flooding and measures for plant protection.

The disadvantage of this method is that at present, in connection with the biologization of the farming system, it is envisaged, along with the use of mineral fertilizers and protective equipment, the use of physiologically active substances of biological preparations to increase rice productivity. The use of biological products allows you to get high yields of agricultural products with minimal mineral fertilizers, due to their more efficient use.

With an increase in the dose of nitrogen in the composition of a complete mineral fertilizer, not only rice productivity increases, but also the negative impact of introduced agrochemicals on the environment increases due to eutrophication. In addition, the introduction of high doses of fertilizers can adversely affect yield, due to a decrease in the resistance of rice plants to biotic (diseases, pests), abiotic (lodging) factors, as well as an increase in the sterility of panicle spikelets.

A known method of growing rice with presowing the introduction of mineral fertilizers and seed treatment with physiologically active substances (see, for example, Ivanets S.V. Rice productivity when using growth regulators / S.V. Ivanets, V.N. Parashchenko // Growth and development regulators asthenia in biotechnology: Thesis VI of the international conference - M .: Publishing House of the Moscow Agricultural Academy, 2001. - P.239-240), including pre-sowing soil treatment, fertilizing, seed treatment with growth regulators, sowing and irrigation regime.

The disadvantage of this method is the unstudied effect of the drugs used (Furolan, the Caucasus, Glyfur and Universal) on the reduction of doses of fertilizers. In addition, the growth regulators Kavkaz, Glyfur and Universalny are not registered in the list of preparations approved for use in the Russian Federation for rice culture.

A known method of growing rice (see, for example, Ladatko A.G., Ladatko M.A., Ladatko V.A., Sheujen A.Kh. Method of rice cultivation // Patent for invention A01G 16/00, A01N 43/40 ), adopted by us as a prototype, including pre-sowing soil cultivation, fertilizing, rice seed treatment with growth regulators - emistim at a dose of 1-30 ml / t, sowing and irrigation mode. It was found that this treatment increases the efficiency of fertilizer use, reduces the dose of nitrogen in pre-sowing fertilizer by 30% and increases the yield of rice. As a result of this, rice yield when using the best dose is increased by 8.3-10.3% depending on the level of mineral nutrition.

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of study of the use of the tested growth regulator for its joint use with microbiological preparations to increase the biologization of the farming system, as well as the insufficiently high efficiency of the effect on yield.

The proposed method of rice cultivation is aimed at reducing the costs associated with the use of mineral fertilizers by reducing the doses of nitrogen fertilizers when using the microbiological preparation flavobacterin and the growth regulator emistim while increasing the yield of rice.

The solution to this problem is achieved by pre-sowing seed treatment with an emistim growth regulator at a dose of 1-5 ml / t in conjunction with the microbiological preparation flavobacterin at a dose of 500 g / ha (according to the manufacturer's standards - hectare dose).

Emistim is a liquid from metabolic derivatives of the symbiont fungus Acremonium lichenicola. Metabolism products contain a complex of growth substances, vitamins, amino acids, polysaccharides and other physiologically active substances in the form of an alcohol solution.

Flavobacterin is an enriching bacterial fertilizer consisting of a strain of a microorganism that can enrich the soil with a plant nutrient. They also help to activate the processes of transformation of complex compounds inaccessible to plants into digestible ones.

Comparative analysis with the prototype showed that the proposed method is characterized in that the research objective is to reduce the dose of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the pre-sowing period, by treating rice seeds with the emistim growth regulator in conjunction with the microbiological preparation flavobacterin. Another distinctive feature of the proposed method is that enriched bacterial fertilizer is used as the drugs used, which contributes to the biologization of the farming system, as well as to the improvement of the phytosanitary state of soils, since the composition of the drug includes bacteria that produce the highly active antibiotic "flavocin" with a wide spectrum of action on phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. Thus, the proposed solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

A comparative analysis with a known solution showed that the methods of treating rice seeds with emistim (Vakulenko V.V., Gashnikov E.G., Yanina M.M. Test results of emistim on white cabbage, potatoes, winter apple, rice and sugar beets // Agrarian Russia, 1999. No. 1 (2). S.27-35), as well as flavobacterin (New technologies for the production and use of biological products with complex action / Edited by A.A. Zavalin, A.P. Kozhemyakova - St. Petersburg: CHEMISTRY , 2010. - 64 c), however, they are known to be used separately and only with the aim of increasing yields. In the proposed method, the reception of the treatment of rice seeds with the growth regulator emistim together with the microbiological preparation flavobacterin is used together to reduce the dose of nitrogen in presowing fertilizer while increasing yield, which allows us to conclude that the invention meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The essence of the invention is illustrated by examples of the implementation of the proposed method.

An example of a specific implementation of the method.

The experiments were conducted on the rice irrigation system of the All-Russian Research Institute of Rice in the period 2003-2005. As an object of research, we used a variety of rice Liman cultivated according to the scheme:

1. Without seed treatment (control).

2. Seed treatment with flavobacterin at a dose of 500 g / ha.

3. Seed treatment with emistim at a dose of 0.5 ml / t.

4. Treatment of seeds with emistim in a dose of 1 ml / t.

5. Seed treatment with emistim in a dose of 5 ml / t.

6. Seed treatment with flavobacterin at a dose of 500 g / ha and emistim at a dose of 0.5 ml / t.

7. Seed treatment with flavobacterin at a dose of 500 g / ha and emistim at a dose of 1 ml / t.

8. Seed treatment with flavobacterin at a dose of 500 g / ha and emistim at a dose of 5 ml / t.

Seed treatment with an aqueous solution of emistim was carried out semi-dry at the rate of 2.0% moisture with simultaneous inoculation of seeds with a peat-based microbiological preparation. Control seeds were treated with emistim-free water.

The effectiveness of the options was evaluated on three backgrounds of mineral nutrition:

1. The introduction of N ₆₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ (kg AI / ha).

2. Adding ₉₀ N ₉₀ K ₆₀ P (kg ai / ha).

3. The introduction of N ₁₂₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ (kg AI / ha).

As nitrogen fertilizer, carbamide (46% a.a.) was used, phosphoric fertilizer - a simple modified superphosphate (19.5% a.a.), potassium - potassium chloride (60% a.a.), which were introduced in full dose before sowing rice.

An analysis of the features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype, as well as its effectiveness in front of it, giving this method of rice cultivation the criterion of "novelty", are presented in tables 1 and 2.

Table 1 Analysis of signs for novelty Prototype The claimed technical solution 1. Tillage 1. The same 2. Presowing fertilizer 2. The same 3. The treatment of rice seeds with a growth regulator - stim., No. 10, No. 17 and No. 3 at a concentration of 0.001% 3. Treatment of rice seeds with a microbiological preparation flavobacterin at a dose of 500 g / ha together with a growth regulator emistim at a dose of 1-5 ml / t 4. Sowing 4. The same 5. Irrigation mode 5. The same

table 2 Analysis of the essential features that create a positive effect Sign of the claimed technical solution New properties acquired as a result of using features of a technical solution Achieved positive effect Treatment of rice seeds with a microbiological preparation flavobacterin at a dose of 500 g / ha in conjunction with a growth regulator emistim at a dose of 1-5 ml / t Stimulates seed germination, the development of a more powerful above-ground biomass and assimilation surface. Increasing the efficiency of fertilizer use, reducing the dose of nitrogen in pre-sowing fertilizer by 30%, increasing the yield of rice.

From the data given in table 3, it follows that the introduction of pre-sowing seed treatment into rice cultivation technology with the microbiological preparation flavobacterin at a dose of 500 g / ha together with the growth regulator emistim at a dose of 1-5 ml / t increases field germination and also stimulates the development of a more powerful assimilation surface, which ultimately has a positive effect on productivity. Thus, the treatment of rice seeds with the microbiological preparation flavobacterin at a dose of 500 g / ha together with the growth regulator emistim at a dose of 1-5 ml / t against the background of application of N ₆₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ increased on average with respect to the control: field germination by 7.0 %, leaf surface index of 9.9% and yield of 10.8%. Against the background of N ₉₀ P ₉₀ K _{60, the} increase in the above indicators in relation to the control amounted to 8.1, 11.1 and 10.5%, respectively, and against the background of N ₁₂₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ - 8.5, 7.9 and 6, 5%. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the tested doses of emistim showed that the best dose for joint use with flavobacterin is 1 ml / t. At the same time, the increase in productivity amounted to 11.3% according to the backgrounds N ₆₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ - 11.3%, N ₉₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ - 11.4%, N ₁₂₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ - 7.2%.

Table 3 The effectiveness of presowing treatment of rice seeds with the microbiological preparation flavobacterin together with the growth regulator emistim Level of mineral nutrition Experience option Field germination of seeds,% Index of sheet surface, m ² / m ² Productivity, t / ha N ₆₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ one 30.1 3.27 69.2 2 30.7 3.31 70.9 3 31.7 3.36 72,2 four 32,4 3.47 73.7 5 31,4 3,55 76.1 6 31,4 3.56 76,2 7 32.9 3,58 77.0 8 32,4 3.64 76.8 N ₉₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ one 31,0 3.86 75.3 2 32,0 3.92 75.8 3 33.1 3.96 77.5 four 33.9 4.06 78.7 5 32.6 4.23 82.0 6 32,7 4.24 82.5 7 34.0 4.27 83.9 8 33.9 4.35 83.3 N ₁₂₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ one 30.9 4.10 80,4 2 31.7 4.13 81.0 3 32.6 4.21 82.7 four 33.7 4.25 83.6 5 32.1 4.31 84.8 6 32.6 4.32 85.1 7 34.1 4.37 86.2 8 33.7 4,58 85.6 * - see the scheme of experience

Claims (1)

A method of rice cultivation, including presowing treatment of seeds with an emistim growth regulator, characterized in that the presowing treatment with an emistim growth regulator at a dose of 1-5 ml / t is carried out in a mixture together with the microbiological preparation flavobacterin at a dose of 500 g / ha.