RU2626589C2 - Method for growing spring barley seeds with use of biotechnology means and mineral fertilizers in arid conditions of south russia - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention represents a production method for growing spring barley seeds with the use of biotechnology means and mineral fertilizers in the arid conditions of the South of Russia, including the use of treatment with a protective-stimulating complex, where the barley seeds are soaked in an aqueous solution of a complex of biologically active substances, where on the background of the mineral fertilizers in the dose of N₃₀P₃₀ aqueous solutions of one of the biological preparations, such as Energia M and ZSS, are used for seed treatment. The consumption rate of the preparation Energia M is 5 g per 1 t and ZSS-1 l per 1 ton, the consumption rate of the working solution is equal to 10 l/t of seeds, the precursor in the crop rotation is clean fallow providing, with the annual precipitation amount in the range of 250-330 mm, the effective action of the proposed agricultural practices. The seed rate is 2.8-3.0 mln of sprouting grains per 1 ha.

EFFECT: invention allows to obtain sufficiently high stable yields of spring barley of forage varieties in seed crops, while simultaneously maintaining or increasing soil fertility indices on the basis of the interaction between biotechnology means and low doses of mineral fertilizers.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the grain industry in the arid zone of southern Russia.

There is a method of cultivating spring barley with biological products Ecogel, Edagum-SM, Prorastin, Polistan (Komarnitskaya E.I., Shikov I.V. Efficiency of biological products on spring barley // Zh. S. 66-68).

A known method for the production of crop products and the composition used for processing plants in it (patent RU No. 2232496, publication date July 20, 2004). Presowing treatment of seeds and / or treatment of vegetative plants is carried out with a composition containing Bacillus nigricans and Streptomyces grisioviridis culture fluids with the addition of Emistim and adhesive. The use of the invention will reduce the accumulation of toxins in the production of crop products.

A common drawback of these methods is the lack of effectiveness results in various agroclimatic and soil zones of the Russian Federation, the higher cost of material and financial resources due to the repeated use of biological products in the process of growing barley, the minimum information about the relative increase in the level of yield and grain quality in comparison with traditional technologies cultivation.

A known method of growing barley, adopted as a prototype using treatment with a protective stimulating complex, where the barley seeds are soaked in an aqueous solution of a complex of biologically active substances of the feed additive Floravit® at a concentration of 1-10 ^-4 ⋅ mg / ml and a flow rate of 10 l / t of seeds and plants barley, in the tillering phase is sprayed with an aqueous solution of a complex of biologically active substances of the feed additive Floravit® concentration of 1-10 ^-4 mg / ml and a solution flow rate of 200-250 l / ha. The invention improves the yield and quality indicators of barley (patent RU No. 2539802, publication date 01/27/2015).

The disadvantage of the prototype is the spread of its effect on malting barley, it is not taken into account its use in the arid zone of the Russian Federation for feed purposes and the effect on the change in soil fertility is not indicated.

The technical result of the claimed method is to obtain sufficiently high stable yields of spring barley feed in seed crops while maintaining or increasing soil fertility based on the interaction of biotechnology and low doses of mineral fertilizers.

The problem is achieved by the claimed method in that against the background of mineral fertilizers, aqueous solutions of biological preparations Energy M and ZSS are used in seed treatment. Energy Consumption M is 5 g per 1 ton and ZSS-1 l per 1 ton. The flow rate of the working solution is 10 l / t of seeds. The predecessor in the crop rotation is pure steam, which provides, with an annual amount of precipitation in the range of 250-330 mm, the effective action of the proposed agricultural practices.

Spring barley is the main grain crop, due to the lack of production volumes in the regions with developed livestock production, they are forced to use food crops for fodder purposes. In the southern regions, the area under sowing under barley has been significantly reduced both due to the strong dependence of the level of productivity on agroclimatic conditions and the lack of production of seeds of recommended varieties. In this regard, it is necessary to search for new elements of the technology for growing barley for feed and seed purposes.

The experimental work was carried out on the experimental field of the Kalmyk Research Institute of Agriculture named after M.B. Narmaev in 2014-2015 The soil of the experimental plot is light chestnut, medium loamy, slightly saline. The humus content does not exceed 1.4%, the soil reaction is slightly alkaline (pH 8.1), the content of P ₂ O ₅ (according to Machigin) is low - 18.8 mg / kg, increased K ₂ O - 350-410 mg / kg, nitrogen supply is low.

The object of research was the spring barley culture, the Wanderer variety. Subjects of research were the preparations: Energies M-silicon-auxin plant growth and development regulator and ZSS (protective stimulating composition) containing humic and triterpin acids, macro- and microelements.

The repetition of options in the experiments fourfold. The area of one plot was 88 m ² .

Description of the proposed technology.

The predecessor in crop rotation is pure steam, since only it can guarantee the production of high-quality seeds in extremely arid climatic conditions in the South of Russia, and also taking into account the fact that many farms use crop rotation with a share of steam from 33 to 50%.

Fertilizers are applied in a dose of N ₃₀ P ₃₀ under the main tillage. The specified dose compensates, and when the yield is below the average, it exceeds the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil.

The main tillage is carried out to a depth of the arable layer of 18-20 cm in the dump method. Agrotechnical measures for pair care consist of early spring harrowing in order to close the moisture in the soil, the first cultivation to a depth of 10-12 cm, 2-3 cultivations of 8-10 cm in the spring-summer period to destroy weeds. Presowing cultivation is carried out at 4-6 cm 1-2 days before sowing.

Processing with aqueous solutions of preparations is carried out 2-3 days before sowing in a place protected from sunlight at the rate of 10 l per 1 ton of seeds. The rate of Energy M is equal to 5 g in solution and 1 L of ZSS.

The seeding rate is 2.8-3.0 million germinating grains per 1 ha, which is sufficient for the normal growth and development of plants in conditions of lack of moisture and lack of nutrients in the soil.

The use of pesticides for the destruction of weeds, pests and diseases when the threshold of their harmfulness is envisaged. Harvesting is carried out at the beginning of the phase of full ripeness of grain by direct combining.

The difference between the described technology of barley cultivation and those proposed earlier in the following: the use of the latest generation of biologics Energy M and ZSS, the use of the minimum dose of fertilizers N ₃₀ P ₃₀ , the location in the rotation on a clean steam.

The results of studies showed that biological products contributed to an increase in the content of P ₂ O ₅ in the soil in relation to both control and background by 1.2-1.4 mg / kg. The content of K ₂ O decreased slightly. The availability of mineral nitrogen (N-NO ₃ + N-NH ₄ ) in the early phases of plant development increased by 6.1-12.9 mg / kg, and at the end of the growing season decreased both in relation to the control and to the background N ₃₀ P ₃₀ .

In the dry biomass of the plants that entered the tube under the influence of Energy M, the total nitrogen content increased in absolute value by 0.08% and total phosphorus by 0.02%. ZSS contributed to an increase in these indicators by 0.18 and 0.03%, respectively.

Seed treatment with aqueous solutions of the preparations led to a significant improvement in the dynamics of plant growth and development. The coefficient of total bushiness increased by 1.0-1.1, productive bushiness increased by 0.8. The positive effect of the preparations on increasing the resistance of plants to the adverse effects of soil and atmospheric drought has been established. The data of 2013 are especially indicative, when the shortfall of precipitation in April amounted to 84.0%, in May 61.4%, the air temperature over the 2 months exceeded the long-term values by 1.8 ° С. As a result, 57.3% of plants from the number of sprouted plants remained under control for heading, under the influence of treatment with Energy M - 85.1% and from ZSS - 83.6%. The basis for increasing plant safety was the earlier and more intensive development of the secondary root system, while on the untreated crops the plants practically did not form secondary roots. As a result, it was found that, on average, over 2 years, the integrated use of N ₃₀ P ₃₀ with Energy M led to an increase in productivity by 6.5 c / ha and with ZSS by 7.0 c / ha or by 31.7% and 34.2 % In the most favorable year of 2013, in percentage terms, crop increases are even more significant - 72.9 and 70.8%.

Thus, the treatment of seeds with aqueous solutions of Energia M and ZSS preparations in combination with N ₃₀ P ₃₀ contributes to the arid conditions of the South of Russia a significant increase in the productivity of spring barley, which leads to a more successful solution of the problems of seed production.

Claims (1)

A method of growing spring barley seeds using biotechnology and mineral fertilizers in arid conditions of the South of Russia, including the use of treatment with a protective-stimulating complex, where the barley seeds are soaked in an aqueous solution of a complex of biologically active substances, characterized in that against the background of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N ₃₀ P ₃₀ using aqueous solutions of one of biologicals, such as energy and M SPR seed treatment, the energy consumption of the drug M is 5 g per 1 m and SPR-1 l 1 t, consumption the working solution is equal to 10 l / t of seeds, the precursor in the crop rotation is pure steam, which ensures, with an annual amount of precipitation in the range of 250-330 mm, the effective action of the proposed agricultural methods, the seed sowing rate is 2.8-3.0 million germinating grains per 1 ha.