RU2806823C1 - Method of cultivating industrial hemp under irrigation in arid zone of north-western caspian sea region - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes sequential implementation of agrotechnical techniques: autumn ploughing to a depth of 22-24 cm with a “ПЛН-4-35” plough; cover harrowing in 2 traces “БЗТС-1.0 + МТЗ-1021”; background application of complex mineral fertilizer azofoska, physical weight - 400 kg/ha with the content of N₁₆P₁₆K₁₆, which is carried out with the “МТЗ-1021 + РУМ-5” tractor. Irrigation is carried out using a “ДМ 500/110” sprinkler with a flow rate of 69 m³/h. Pre-sowing application of organic fertilizer - half-rotted manure at the rate of 40 t/ha, sowing of industrial hemp is carried out using a seeder “СЗП-3.6 + МТЗ-1021” with a seeding rate of 1.5 million pcs./ha in a row method with a row spacing of 70 cm. After emergence, post-emergence harrowing is carried out with “БЗТС-1 + МТЗ-1021” and inter-row processing is carried out at the phase of formation of 2-3 pairs of true leaves.

EFFECT: saving of resources.

1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used as a basic element in the intensive technology of hemp cultivation under irrigation conditions in relation to the soil and climatic conditions of the arid zone of the North-Western Caspian Sea.

There is a known method of increasing the yield of hemp by increasing the resistance of plants to unfavorable growing conditions, including pre-sowing treatment of seeds and spraying of plants at a height of 15-20 cm with the biologically active substance Flavorit ®, with a drug concentration of 1.2 * 10 ^-4 g/ml and at a working consumption liquid 300-500 l/ha. A method to increase hemp yield. Patent for invention No. 2601030 A01G 1/00. Application 205104775/13 02/13/2015. Publ. 10/27/2016 Bulletin. No. 25. Blopukhov S.L., Dmitrievskaya I.I., Tolmachev G.P., Polyak N.V., Grigorash A.I., Maklanov A.I., Maklanova E.A., Smirnova M.A., Shkondina N. .A.

The disadvantage of this method is the insufficient microelement component of the Flavorit ® drug used in the study, which does not provide adequate nutrition for the plants during the entire growing season of hemp, resulting in an insufficiently high yield of the resulting product.

There is a known method of growing hemp, aimed at increasing productivity. When growing hemp, in addition to fertilizers, calcium carbide is added to the soil at a dose of 9-150 kg/ha. The application of carbide is carried out during the period from the germination phase to the germination phase to the budding phase. Growing hemp using the proposed method allows you to improve the technical properties of hemp. Method of growing hemp. Patent for invention No. 2122314 01AG 1/00. Application 95104957/13 03/31/1995. Publ. 11/27/1998. Stepanov G.S.

The disadvantage of this method, similar to the previous one, is insufficient nutrition of hemp plants during the growing season. This method does not help increase productivity, but only has a positive effect on the genetic structure of populations of hemp varieties based on gender and plant architecture, and ultimately on the technological properties of the fiber.

A resource-saving technology for cultivating Central Russian hemp in the conditions of the Middle Volga region is known. Three-factor experiments conducted on the varieties Antonio and Ingreda as a predecessor of winter wheat provided for calculated doses of mineral nutrition (control and 4 backgrounds of mineral nutrition: N ₆₀ P ₇₀ K ₆₀ ; N ₉₀ P ₁₀₀ K ₉₀ ; N ₁₂₀ P ₁₃₀ K ₁₂₀ ; N ₁₅₀ P ₁₆₀ K ₁₅₀ ) for the planned yield, as well as various methods of soil cultivation: to a depth of 22 cm with a plow PN-35, without moldboard - KPSh-5, surface cultivation - with a disc harrow BDT-3 to a depth of 12...15 cm (Salnikov S.V. , Kirasirov Z.A. Resource-saving technology for cultivating Central Russian hemp in the conditions of the Middle Volga region // Niva Povolzhya. No. 4 (9) November 2008 - pp. 25-29.

This method was adopted by us as the closest analogue.

The disadvantage of this method is the long period of a number of agrotechnological operations and high production costs. Also, due to frequently recurring dry winds in the North-Western Precapia region and low precipitation, the proposed technology may not be profitable, since without irrigation it is not possible to obtain a high-quality harvest of hemp seeds.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The method of cultivating industrial hemp, preferably in the zone of light chestnut soils of the North-Western Caspian region, includes the sequential implementation of generally accepted agrotechnological methods: autumn plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm, with a PLN-4-35 plow; cover harrowing in 2 traces BZTS 1.0 + MTZ 1021, background application of complex mineral fertilizer azophosphate in f.v. - 400 kg/ha (with N ₁₆ P ₁₆ K ₁₆ content) was carried out by the MTZ-1021+RUM-5 tractor. Closing off spring moisture and simultaneously leveling the field surface was carried out with heavy disc harrows along the diagonal of the site. Before sowing, KPS-5+MTZ-1021 was cultivated. Sowing of industrial hemp was carried out using a seeder SZP-3.6+MT3-1021 with a seeding rate of 1.5 million pieces/ha in a row method with a row spacing of 70 cm, pre-emergence and post-emergence harrowing BZTS-1+MTZ-1021. Inter-row cultivation with the MT3-1021+KRN-5 tractor was carried out in the phase of formation of 2-3 pairs of true leaves. Irrigation of industrial hemp was carried out with a DM 500/110 sprinkler with a consumption rate of 69 m ³ /h.

The technical result is the implementation of resource-saving techniques based on autumn plowing, cover harrowing, background application of complex mineral fertilizer azophosphate in f.v. - 400 kg/ha (containing N ₁₆ P ₁₆ K ₁₆ ).

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the field experiment when cultivating industrial hemp, resource-saving techniques were developed based on autumn plowing, cover harrowing, background application of complex mineral fertilizer azofoska in f.v. - 400 kg/ha (containing N ₁₆ P ₁₆ K ₁₆ ). Before sowing, in the first option, organic fertilizer, half-rotted manure, was applied at the rate of 40 t/ha, followed by cultivation. In another option, leaf treatments were carried out during the growing season with the drug Aminovit. The first treatment in the phase of 4-6 leaves, the 2nd and 3rd treatments with an interval of 10 days). Consumption of the drug is 0.5 l/ha. The consumption of the working solution is 200.0 l/ha, according to the standards from the manufacturer. Irrigation of industrial hemp was carried out with a DM 500/110 sprinkler with a consumption rate of 69 m ³ /h. The duration of the first watering is 18.5 hours or 1276.5 m ³ . Second watering - 12.5 hours or 869.5 m ³ . The third and fourth watering is 10 hours each, which is 1380 m ³ . The total volume of irrigated water during the growing season of industrial hemp was 3526.0 m ³ .

The problem is solved by the fact that for the first time, in the conditions of light chestnut soils of the North-Western Caspian region, the influence of half-rotted manure at the rate of 40 t/ha before sowing was studied against the background of the application of complex mineral fertilizer azofoska in f.v. - 400 kg/ha (containing N ₁₆ P ₁₆ K ₁₆ ), which showed high yields of industrial hemp seeds when irrigated with a DM 500/110 sprinkler with a consumption rate of 69 m ³ /h, according to the technical specifications.

Object and material of study

Object of study: industrial hemp - Glyana variety.

Study material: half-rotted cattle manure. Biochemical composition: N - 0.5%, P ₂ O ₅ - 0.25 and K ₂ O - 0.6%. Aminovit is a liquid complex mineral fertilizer intended for foliar feeding of various crops throughout the growing season. The product formula is a balanced set of macroelements, as well as microelements in chelated form.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention is as follows.

When cultivating industrial hemp, resource-saving techniques were developed based on autumn plowing, cover harrowing, and the background application of complex mineral fertilizer azophosphate in f.v. - 400 kg/ha (containing N ₁₆ P ₁₆ K ₁₆ ).

Also, before sowing in the first option, organic fertilizer was applied, half-rotted manure at the rate of 40 t/ha, followed by cultivation. In another option, leaf treatments were carried out during the growing season with the drug Aminovit. The first treatment in the phase of 4-6 leaves, the 2nd and 3rd treatments with an interval of 10 days). Consumption of the drug is 0.5 l/ha. The consumption of the working solution is 200.0 l/ha, according to the standards from the manufacturer.

In the course of many years of research, it was found that the maximum indicators for plant height are 197.3 cm, technical stem length is 145.8 cm, inflorescence length is 33.7 cm, stem diameter is 10.6 cm, as well as the average stem weight is 30. 6 g were obtained in the variant with the use of pre-sowing organic fertilizer - half-rotted manure at the rate of 40.0 t/ha (Table 1).

It was also noted that the maximum value of the average internode length was 21.3 cm and the weight of 1000 seeds was 16.5 g, and the seed yield of 14.0 c/ha was also recorded for this option (Table 2).

Development of agrotechnological methods for cultivating industrial hemp under irrigation conditions, aimed at creating high yields in the conditions of the North-Western Caspian region with various feeding options for organizing adequate nutrition using irrigation with an irrigation norm of 69 m ³ /h. Irrigation of industrial hemp was carried out with a DM 500/110 sprinkler with a consumption rate of 69 m ³ /h. The duration of the first watering is 18.5 hours or 1276.5 m ³ . Second watering - 12.5 hours or 869.5 m ³ . The third and fourth watering is 10 hours each, which is 1380 m ³ . The total volume of irrigated water during the growing season of industrial hemp was 3526.0 m ³ .

Claims (1)

A method of cultivating industrial hemp in the zone of light chestnut soils of the North-Western Caspian region, including the sequential implementation of agrotechnical techniques: autumn plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm with a PLN-4-35 plow; cover harrowing in 2 traces BZTS-1.0 + MTZ-1021; background application of complex mineral fertilizer azofoska in f.v. - 400 kg/ha with a content of N ₁₆ P ₁₆ K ₁₆ , which is carried out with the MTZ-1021 + RUM-5 tractor, characterized in that irrigation is carried out with a DM 500/110 sprinkler with a consumption rate of 69 m ³ / h, pre-sowing application of organic fertilizer – half-rotted manure at the rate of 40 t/ha, sowing of industrial hemp is carried out using a seeder SZP-3.6 + MTZ-1021 with a seeding rate of 1.5 million pcs./ha in an ordinary way with a row spacing of 70 cm, after emergence, post-emergence harrowing is carried out with BZTS -1+MTZ-1021, and inter-row processing is carried out in the phase of formation of 2-3 pairs of true leaves.