RU2751600C1 - Method for stimulating growth and development of spring rapeseed for seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes treating the seeds prior to seeding with a plant growth regulator in an amount of 450 ml/t of seeds, and during the vegetation season of the plants, the growth regulator is used in an amount of 600 ml/ha by vegetation, wherein seeding is performed by a continuous row method at a seeding rate of spring rapeseed for seeds 2.5 million/ha or 12 kg/ha of germinating seeds, and harvesting. Basic soil treatment includes disking, autumn ploughing, early spring harrowing and cultivation to a depth of 10 to 12 cm. Crop tending and packing of the soil are performed. The crops are harvested upon achieving full ripeness of seeds in 85% of the pods on the plants. The plant growth regulator contains dihydroquercetin and tri-ethanolammonium salt of orthoresoxyacetic acid at a concentration of 15 g/l + 30 g/l, respectively.

EFFECT: method allows to increase yield and oil content in the seeds.

1 cl, 8 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, more precisely to plant growing, and can be used for growing spring rapeseed for seeds in field crop rotations, both in large agricultural enterprises and in farms with limited areas and with intensive use of arable land.

Known methods for stimulating the growth and development of oilseeds in the form of bioactive substances (BAS). Among the means aimed at increasing the productivity of agricultural crops, plant growth regulators, phytohormones (both natural and their synthetic analogues), substances with adaptogenic effects on plants are very promising. In modern trends in technology, biological active substances are used that can improve plant nutrition and increase their resistance to negative factors by stimulating physiological processes, this can manifest itself in an increase in yield, in an increase in drought or frost resistance of vegetative plants, in an increase in resistance to plant diseases ...

The known method of cultivation of agricultural crops (AS SU No. 1600653, A01G 31/00 dated 23.10.1990, patent RU No. 2121272. A01G 1/00, А01В 79/02 dated 12.05.2013).

However, in order to obtain stable yields of spring rapeseed seeds for each region, certain technologies of crop cultivation, seed treatment with preparations for obtaining friendly shoots and increasing yields, in specific conditions, are required. The studies were carried out in the southern part of the Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia, which includes the Ryazan Region. This region is characterized by unstable insufficient moisture, the hydrothermal coefficient (HC) is equal to 1.2-1.3. The sum of the average daily temperatures ranges from 2150-2200 ° C.

The considered agrochemical "Organostim" contributes to an increase in the productivity of spring rapeseed. The use of the Organostim biostimulator has not been sufficiently studied for this region of the country.

A known method of processing crops of spring rape, characterized by the fact that before sowing, mineral fertilizing is introduced into the soil in the form of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer in an amount of 12-15 g / m ² together with a plant growth regulator in an amount of 5-8 ml / ha, then the soil surface is leveled with rollers, then the treated rape seeds are sown into the prepared soil, and after sowing, the soil surface is treated with 0.01-0.02% chitosan solution, mulched, rolled with rollers and again treated with a plant growth regulator and 0.01-0, 04% chitosan solution. The method is characterized by the fact that rape seeds are sown according to an equilateral triangle pattern with a distance between seeds equal to 10-15 cm (Patent RU No. 20061262366, А01В 79/02 from 27.01.2008).

The disadvantage of the known analogue is the relatively complex and expensive technology of using the plant growth regulator as a whole, and the manifestation of certain positive bioeffects is also unknown. It is known that the effects of their use can manifest themselves only under certain conditions associated with specific crops, weather conditions, purposes of growing crops, processing times, etc.

The tested drug "Organostim" has not been sufficiently studied on oilseeds in terms of stimulating an increase in the oil content of seeds to increase yields, it is a new property of studying the use of this drug in the proposed solution and testing the biological effectiveness of the proposed plant growth regulator "Organostim" on spring rape in this region of the country. Below in the description are presented the goals and consumption rates of the agrochemical as an effective bioregulator of metabolic processes through the maintenance of equilibrium in the "oxidants - antioxidants" system.

There is a method of growing spring rapeseed for seeds with intensive use of arable land in the zone of risky agriculture on chestnut soils, including the main and pre-sowing preparation of soil and seeds, care of crops and harvesting, while the main cultivation of the soil is carried out by peeling stubble, after the growth of weeds, the field is treated with herbicide continuous action with a consumption rate of 2-3 l / ha. in the autumn, after precipitation, cover harrowing and pre-sowing continuous cultivation are carried out to a depth of 6-8 cm with the introduction of the main fertilizer Yborvo kg / ha of active substance; up to 2 million pieces of germinating seeds per hectare, harvesting of spring rape is carried out by direct combining (Patent RU No. 2482660, A01G 1/00, А01В 79/02 dated 05/27/2013).

The disadvantage of this method is a relatively complex technology, which affects the cost of harvesting. With such crops of spring rape on gray forest heavy loamy soils of the Ryazan region, it is not advisable to use a complicated technology.

Therefore, the new proposed drug "ORGANOSTIM", as a plant growth regulator, was used on experimental crops with an early sowing of spring rape, in order to increase the yield of seeds and increase the content of oil in them. The main property of the drug, as an effective bioregulator of metabolic processes, is its action through maintaining equilibrium in the "oxidants-antioxidants" system, with an effect on other leading metabolic processes of plants - protein, phosphoric, lipid. Promotes the formation and maturation of tissues, affects the synthesis and reservation of plastic substances, enhances fruit formation and adaptation of plants to unfavorable conditions, etc. The preparation contains two active ingredients: Dihydroquercetin and Tri-ethanol-ammonium salt of orthoresoxyacetic acid at a concentration of 15 g / l + 30 g / l. The preparative form is an aqueous solution.

As the best analogue is, a way to stimulate the growth and development of spring rapeseed in the information source: Sokolov A.A. and others. Influence of plant growth regulators "ORGANOSTIM" on the development and productivity of spring rape // Materials of the National, scientific and practical. Conference "Scientific and innovative technologies as a factor of sustainable development of the domestic agro-industrial complex", December 12, 2019, part G1, pp. 170-175, sub. in print. 02/25/2020 ", in which the seeds are treated before sowing with the plant growth regulator" ORGANOSTIM "in the amount of 450 ml / t of seeds, and during the growing season of the plants," ORGANOSTIM "is used in the amount of 600 ml / ha during the growing season, while the sowing of seeds is carried out continuously by an ordinary method at a seeding rate of spring rapeseed for seeds of 2.5 million / ha and harvesting, p. 171, p. 172, 1-4, 5-6 paragraphs, p. 173, ate paragraph.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method for growing spring rapeseed plants. Taking into account the peculiarities of the preparation "ORGANOSTIM" and the passage of the main phenological phases of development of spring rapeseed for seeds when using the already prepared structure of gray forest heavy loamy soils of the southwestern part of the Ryazan region.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method of stimulating the growth and development of spring rapeseed for seeds, including the treatment of seeds before sowing with a plant growth regulator in the amount of 450 ml / t of seeds, and during the growing season of plants, a growth regulator is used in an amount of 600 ml / ha during the growing season, when This sowing of seeds is carried out in a continuous row method at a seeding rate of spring rapeseed per seed of 2.5 million / ha or 12 kg / ha of germinating seeds and harvesting, according to the invention, carry out the main soil cultivation: disking, fall plowing, early spring harrowing and cultivation to a depth 10-12 cm, crop care and soil rolling, and harvesting is carried out when the seeds are fully ripe in 85% of the pods on the plants, and the plant growth regulator includes: dihydroquercetin and tri-ethanolammonone salt of orthoresoxyacetic acid, respectively, at a concentration of 15 g / l + 30 g / l.

The drug "Organostim" is low-toxic, practically harmless to insects and warm-blooded animals. The drug passed registration tests on a pilot site in 2019 by the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution “Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev ".

It should be noted that the use of the drug "Organostim" has not been tested on oilseeds until now. The drug is a means of increasing seed yield and increasing oil content in seeds, is a new study on gray forest heavy loamy soils of the region.

It is known from the literature and experiments that the use of plant growth regulators does not automatically lead to the manifestation of certain positive bioeffects. The effects of their application can manifest themselves only under certain conditions, and on specific objects in the regions associated with specific crops, weather conditions, purposes of growing crops, processing times, etc. These conditions will be shown in the following studies.

Multi-factor field experiments were established according to generally accepted methods for a given soil-climatic zone of gray forest heavy loamy soils in the southwestern part of the Ryazan region in four brief replications and included four options.

The experimental site is located on gray forest soils. The reaction of the soil solution is weakly acidic (Table 1).

The content of organic matter in the soil was 2.86%. The provision of these soils with mobile compounds of phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) in the plow horizon is respectively high (327 mg / kg) and very high (363 mg / kg). In the upper layer of the arable horizon, the number of water-resistant aggregates was 22.9%, the soil density was at the level of 1.45 g / cm ³ , which corresponds to the fertility model of gray forest soil.

The average monthly air temperature and precipitation over the years of the experiments are given in table. 2.

From this table 2 it can be seen that the conditions for the beginning of the growing season were favorable for field work and soil preparation for sowing small-seeded crops. In April 2019, the air temperature was within the climatic norm, precipitation fell unevenly, most of them fell in the second decade of the month, and rainfall fell below the norm (69.2%).

Temperature indicators created favorable conditions for sowing and friendly crop emergence. In the second half of May, the amount of precipitation exceeded the norm by 2.2 times.

The weather conditions in June were characterized by high temperatures against the background of insufficient moisture in the first and second decades, and this created the preconditions for the active development and increased harmfulness of the cruciferous flea and cabbage moth.

In July and August, the temperature regime was 1-1.5 ° C below the long-term average. Air temperature drops from 9.1 ° C to 23.3 ° C. In the second decade of August, the amount of precipitation increased by 2 times in comparison with the average long-term data.

An increase in air temperature in September contributed to the amicable ripening of seeds and harvesting.

In general, in 2019 there were significant fluctuations in air temperature and uneven precipitation, but for this crop of spring rape, the year was satisfactory for its growth and development.

The data of agrophysical indicators of gray forest heavy loamy soils of the experimental site are shown in table. 3.

From the data in Table 3, it can be seen that in the upper layer of the arable horizon, the number of water-resistant aggregates was 22.9%, and the equilibrium density was at the level of 1.45 g / cm ³ , in general, this corresponds to the fertility model of gray forest soil with an average level of fertility.

Research options: Option 1 - control without treatment; Option 2 - pre-sowing treatment of seeds of spring rape with the drug "Organostim". The consumption of the drug is 450 ml / t (Component A - 300 ml / t of seeds + Component B - 150 ml / t of seeds), the consumption of the working solution is 10 l / t. Spraying of plants - in the budding phase - beginning of flowering - 450 ml / ha (Component A - 300 ml / ha + Component B - 150 ml / ha), the consumption of the working solution - 300 l / ha; 3. pre-sowing seed treatment; drug consumption - 450 ml / t of seeds (Component A - 300 ml / t of seeds + Component B - 150 ml / t of seeds), consumption of working solution - 10 l / t. Spraying of plants - in the budding phase - beginning of flowering, drug consumption - 450 ml / ha (Component A - 150 ml / ha + Component B - 300 ml / ha), working solution consumption - 300 l / ha; 4. pre-sowing seed treatment; drug consumption - 450 ml / t of seeds (Component A - 300 ml / t of seeds + Component B - 150 ml / t of seeds), consumption of working solution - 10 l / t. Spraying plants - in the budding phase - the beginning of flowering, drug consumption - 600 ml / ha (Component A - 300 ml / ha + Component B - 300 ml / ha), working solution consumption - 300 l / ha.

The predecessor of spring rape was winter wheat. The area of the experimental plots is 50 m ² , the area of the registration plots is 25 m ² . It should be noted that the seeds of spring rape of the Ratnik variety, which meet the requirements of the 1st class of the sowing standard, were used for sowing.

Characteristics of the "Ratnik" variety: pedigree: F ₁ (Global × S - 150-87) × F ₁ (S _r -110 - 87 × Global). Semi-closed bush, plant height 84-119 cm. Stem without anthocyanin, hairless. The height of attachment of the lower branches is 42.6 cm. The average number of branches of the first order is 3-5. The leaf is dark green, moderately dissected, the omission is medium. The inflorescence is racemose. The flower is golden yellow. Pod without anthocyanin, not pubescent. The valves are straight, slightly lumpy. The seeds are large, black. The mass of 1000 seeds is 3.4-4.7 g. The variety is mid-season, the growing season is 94-112 days.

It is characterized by a high degree of adaptation to the agro-climatic conditions of the regions of the European part of Russia and Siberia.

Variety Ratnik below average is affected by Alternaria and peronosporosis, moderately resistant to Fusarium. It is moderately damaged by flea beetles. Resistant to lodging and shedding of seeds (see Spring rape “Warrior: http://vnirapsa.ru/ru/production/sorta-raps-yarovoj-ratnik.html).

Agrotechnical requirements: the main soil cultivation began with disking, then autumn plowing, early spring harrowing and cultivation to a depth of 10-12 cm with known processing units.

Spring rape seeds were treated with Cruiser rape (KS). Sowing of the culture was carried out to a depth of 2.0-2.5 cm, in a continuous row method, using a selective mounted pneumatic seeder SSNP-16. The sowing period is the beginning of the second decade of May. The seeding rate was 2.5 million pcs / ha. Next, rolling was carried out ZKKSh-6. All agrotechnical techniques were carried out at the optimum time.

Presowing seed treatment was carried out using a Kwazar pump sprayer. At the stage of plant development, foliar treatment was carried out with the studied doses of the drug, noted above.

Spraying of plants was carried out in the evening at an air temperature of 18-22 ° C in calm weather. During the growing season, the crops of spring rape against weeds, pathogens and pests were treated with a tank mixture of Galera, BP; Title Duo, KKR; Fassance, CE.

Harvesting was carried out by direct combining with a TERRION-SAMPO SR2010 selection combine. The experimental data obtained in the experiment were subjected to mathematical processing using analysis of variance (Daspekhov B.A.

In early spring, pre-sowing treatment of high-quality seeds with the biologically active preparation "Organostim" at a dose of 450 ml / t was carried out, but in the second variant of the experiments it did not have a significant effect on the sowing quality of seeds (Table 4).

It can be seen from Table 4 that the value of germination energy and laboratory germination was high, however, they changed insignificantly according to the options and significant dependence on the treatment option, as well as in the biometrics of rape seedlings (the plant growth pattern itself is not given due to the reduction in the text size).

The onset of the main phases of development of spring rape according to the variants of the experiment does not occur in the same way. Experiments on the duration of seed germination were 7 days (Table 5).

When the seed preparation is treated with the "ORGANOSTIM" growth regulator, a noticeable effect is observed in the development of plants for an average of 2 days in comparison with seeds that have not been treated with this preparation. At the same time, the development of plants treated with the "ORGANOSTIM" preparation before sowing was noticeably outstripped up to the budding phase. The date of the onset of this phase came on July 5th. Then, at the onset of the beginning of flowering, the plants were sprayed with a solution of the test drug "ORGANOSTIM" in accordance with the experimental scheme.

Studies have shown that the development of plants at different doses of the preparation for treatment of plants during the growing season leads to a lengthening of the interphase period of flowering - the formation of seeds in comparison with the control from 3 to 5 days, this was especially noticeable with an increase in the dosage of the preparation "ORGANOSTIM". Hence, there was a shift in the dates of the onset of subsequent phases of cultural development.

The time of the onset of seed ripening in pods was the earliest in the control variant, while when using the drug, this ripening was on average 5-9 days later. It should be noted that the hot and dry first half of the rapeseed growing season contributed to a reduction in the periods of the onset of phenophases in the crop. At the same time, due to the abundant precipitation in July - early August, the development of the budding and flowering phases was extended over time. In this regard, the harvesting of spring rape was carried out in the second decade of September. The growing season was 109 days in the control, while in the variants it was 114 days.

For the maximum suggested concentration of the drug "ORGANOSTIM", the growing season was 118 days. The harvesting of the culture on the experimental plots began when the full ripeness of the seeds was reached in 85% of the pods on the plants.

Table 6 shows the structure of the yield of spring rape when testing the drug "ORGANOSTIM" in different doses (the picture of plant growth itself is not given to reduce the volume of the text).

Table 6 shows that the number of plants in the control variant was 195.5 pcs / m ² , and when plants were treated with the ORGANOSTIM growth regulator at a dosage of 450 ml / ha (Component A - 300 ml / ha + Component B - 150 ml / ha) the number of plants increased by 4, 2 pieces. With an increase in the doses of the drug, there was an increase in the number of plants preserved for harvesting, respectively, by 20.2 and 23.2 plants.

The results of the application of pre-sowing seed treatment and treatment of plants during the growing season, in comparison with the control, increased the length of the central root by 3.2-15.9%, the height of the plants by 4.1-12.4%, and the leaf surface area by 8.2 -21.6%, the number of pods per plant by 2.8-25.3%, respectively, with increasing doses of the drug components. Moreover, when vegetating plants were sprayed with the "ORGANOSTIM" preparation with a ratio of component A - 150 ml / ha and component B - 300 ml / ha, negative synergism was observed and there was a decrease in plant foliage and the number of pods.

With an increase in the dose of the drug, there was also no increase in the number of seeds in the pods and the weight of 1000 seeds.

Thus, the experiments carried out showed that the increase in plant safety for harvesting, the development of plant biomass, and an increase in the number of pods had the greatest importance in the formation of the yield of spring rape and the use of various doses of the studied preparation.

According to the data of experiments during registration tests of the plant growth regulator "ORGANOSTIM", the rapeseed yield was consistently high regardless of weather conditions (Table 7).

In the control variant, the yield of rapeseed was 14.15 c / ha. At the same time, the highest yield of rapeseed was observed in the variant with the use of an increased dose of the drug and amounted to 16.48 c / ha. The increase was 16.5%, which is a reliable indicator for NSR ₀₅ - 1-13 c / ha. Seed quality indicators are given in table. eight.

Table 8 shows that not only a noticeable increase in yield is observed, but also the quality of seeds itself is increasing. Thus, depending on the consumption rate of the drug "ORGANOSTIM" there was an increase in the oil content of seeds by 3.5-6.3%, an increase in the mass fraction of crude protein in seeds by 2.5-2.9%, compared with the control indicators.

The use of the proposed method - increasing the efficiency of cultivation of spring rapeseed, obtaining a stable yield of oilseeds crops, can be recommended for implementation in production in other soil and climatic zones of the Russian Federation, but with adjusting the calendar timing of agricultural activities.

Claims (1)

A method of stimulating the growth and development of spring rapeseed for seeds, including the treatment of seeds before sowing with a plant growth regulator in an amount of 450 ml / t of seeds, and during the growing season of plants, a growth regulator is used in an amount of 600 ml / ha during the growing season, while sowing seeds is carried out with a continuous row by a method with a sowing rate of spring rapeseed for seeds of 2.5 million / ha or 12 kg / ha of germinating seeds, and harvesting, characterized in that the main soil cultivation is carried out: disking, autumn plowing, early spring harrowing and cultivation to a depth of 10-12 cm, crop care and soil rolling, and harvesting of the crop is carried out when the seeds are fully ripe in 85% of the pods on the plants, and the plant growth regulator contains dihydroquercetin and tri-ethanolammonium salt of orthoresoxyacetic acid, respectively, at a concentration of 15 g / l + 30 g / l ...