RU2614879C1 - Method of growing hard winter wheat with biological products - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture. The method comprises seed treatment. The predecessor in the crop rotation is clean fallow, the main processing of which is carried out with the dump method to a depth of 18-20 cm. The agrotechnical measures of fallow care consist of early-spring harrowing to close the moisture, the first cultivation to a depth of 10-12 cm, 2-3 cultivations to a depth of 8-10 cm in the spring and summer period to kill weeds. The pre-sowing cultivation is carried out 1-2 days before planting to a depth of 4-6 cm. The aqueous solution of the agent is used in the treatment of seeds at the rate of 5 g of the agent and 10 liters of water per 1 ton of seeds, and foliar fertilizing of tube plants at the rate of 7 g of the agent "Energy M" and not less than 50 liters of water per 1 ha of planting. The agent is used against the background of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N₃₀P₆₀.

EFFECT: method enables to increase productivity, to improve the quality of hard winter wheat grain on light-chestnut soils of arid area of Southern Russia, to reduce the intensity of the development of root rot and Septoria spot.

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to the production of winter wheat in an arid zone on light chestnut soils of the South of the Russian Federation.

There is a known method of using Silk, which accelerates the metabolic processes in plants and increases their resistance to damage by pests and diseases, but at the same time, some varieties increased the baking qualities of flour, while others did not (Ovcharenko, M.M. Gumaty, activators of agricultural productivity / M.M. Ovcharenko // Agrochemical Bulletin - 2002, - p. 13-14).

There is a method of using the biocomplexes Albit and Novosil on varieties of soft winter wheat, which allows to increase productivity and grain quality and provides a high return on the cost of using the preparations (Kalmykova E.V. Increasing the productivity of winter wheat varieties with the integrated use of fertilizers and growth regulators / E.V. Kalmykova // Theoretical and applied problems of the agrarian complex. - 2011, No. 4 (9) - pp. 26-28).

A known method of cultivating crops with preparations of Agat-25, Rizoplan, Ampelolitsin and others. Used as top dressing and seed treatment. The drugs increased the resistance of plants to fungal diseases, contributed to an increase in yield and its quality (patent RU No. 2154935, publication date 08/27/2000).

The closest analogue is a method of stimulating the growth and development of plants using the drug Verva. A method of stimulating the growth and development of winter wheat plants involves treating plants in the tillering and heading phases with a growth regulator. In this case, seed treatment is additionally carried out at a dose of 0.3 l / t. As a growth regulator, the Verva preparation is used, extracted from fir green wood by emulsion extraction method (patent RU No. 2453114, publication date 06/20/2012).

The common disadvantages of these methods include the fact that they are not suitable for use in light chestnut soils of the Russian Federation, as well as their use is not provided for in technologies for growing winter wheat durum and none of the biological products belongs to the group of silicon-auxin compounds.

The objectives of the claimed invention are to increase productivity, improve grain quality of winter durum wheat on light chestnut soils of the arid zone of southern Russia, reduce the rate of development of root rot and septoria.

This task is achieved by a method of growing winter durum wheat with biological products, including seed treatment, while the predecessor in the crop rotation is pure steam, the main processing of which is carried out by dump method to a depth of 18-20 cm, while the agrotechnical measures for caring for the vapors consist of early spring harrowing in order to close the moisture, the first cultivation to a depth of 10-12 cm, 2-3 cultivations to a depth of 8-10 cm in the spring-summer period to destroy weeds, pre-sowing cultivation is carried out for 1-2 days before sowing to a depth of 4-6 cm, moreover, an aqueous solution of the drug is used when processing seeds at the rate of 5 g of the drug and 10 water per 1 ton of seeds and foliar feeding of the plants that have gone into the tube per 1 ha of sowing 7 g of Energy M and at least 50 liters of water, the drug is recommended to be used against a background of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N ₃₀ P ₆₀ .

Durum winter wheat is mainly needed for pasta production. Currently, there is a shortage of such grain on the food market of the Russian Federation, which is due, among other things, to insufficient knowledge of the features of the technology of cultivation of crops.

In order to study the effect of biological agents on wheat productivity, studies were conducted on the experimental field of the Kalmyk Research Institute of Agriculture named after M.B. Narmaeva. The soil of the experimental plot is light chestnut, medium loamy, slightly solonetzic with a slightly alkaline reaction of the soil medium (pH = 8.1). The content of humus, mobile phosphorus and nitrogen in the soil is low, the content of metabolic potassium is increased. The amount of precipitation for an agricultural year varies from 250 to 350 mm.

The repetition of options in the experiments fourfold. The experimental plot area was 88 m ² .

The subject of the research was the Energy M silicon-auxin preparation, which has biological activity throughout the growing season. It has an antioxidant, adaptogenic, fungicidal effect.

The object of research is durum winter wheat, the Kermen cultivar, which is maximally adapted to the harsh agroclimatic conditions of the arid zone of the Russian Federation.

The predecessor in the crop rotation is pure steam, the main processing of which is carried out in a dumping method to a depth of 18-20 cm. Agrotechnical measures for the care of vapors consist of early spring harrowing to close moisture, the first cultivation to a depth of 10-12 cm, 2-3 cultivations on depth of 8-10 cm in the spring-summer period for the destruction of weeds. Presowing cultivation is carried out 1-2 days before sowing to a depth of 4-6 cm.

Phosphorus fertilizers in a dose of P ₆₀ are applied under the main tillage, nitrogen fertilizers in a dose of N ₃₀ are applied early in spring to the superficial root dressing. Water treatment of seeds is carried out 2-3 days before sowing at the rate of 10 l per 1 ton of seeds and 5 g of the drug.

The sowing period is September 10-20 with a sowing rate of 4.5 million germinating grains per 1 ha, which is 1.5 million more than the norm for soft wheat varieties. In early spring, with the onset of physical ripeness of the soil, harrowing of crops is necessary in order to reduce the unproductive consumption of accumulated moisture reserves.

Foliar top dressing is carried out in the phase of plant bumping by land in the evening or at night. The hectare norm consists of 7 g of the drug and at least 50 liters of water. Fertilizing, if necessary, is combined in tank mixtures with chemical plant protection products from weeds, pests and diseases. Harvesting is carried out by direct combining.

As a result of studies, the effect of seed treatment with the drug on some changes in the nutritional regime of the soil was revealed. At the beginning of spring, the content of P ₂ O ₅ in the arable horizon increased by 4.3% compared to the control, the amount of mineral nitrogen (N-NO ₃ + N-NH ₄ ) increased by 20.3% and exchange potassium by 2.9%. In the phase of the mid-exit to the plant tube, a decrease in P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O was observed, and nitrogen was at the control level. These changes were preserved until the end of the growing season. Seed treatment accelerated the emergence of seedlings by 2 days and increased the percentage of field germination by 4.0%. By winter, such plants had a tillering coefficient increased by 0.4-0.6 and formed a more powerful root system. In the bumping phase, the dry biomass of plants contained an absolute value of 0.16% more total nitrogen and 0.70% more sugars. Fiber content decreased by 2.0%. "Energy M" contributed to the improvement of plant safety by the end of the growing season by 8.1%. Plants were higher by an average of 10 cm, had more productive stems and more intense foliage.

The noted positive results were reflected in an increase in wheat yields. The variant with seed treatment on an unfertilized soil background provided a yield increase of 14.2%. On the agricultural background improved by means of fertilizers, the effect was lower with an increase of 2.2 c / ha or 3.1%. The combination of pre-sowing treatment with foliar top dressing led to a further increase in productivity, against an unfertilized background, the increase was 19.9% and on fertilized - 6.6%.

The increase in yield as a result of the integrated use of Energy M and N ₃₀ P ₆₀ was 6.8 kg / ha or 34.7% with a single use of the drug and 7.7 kg / ha or 39.3% with a double dose, which led to high economic effect of the production of durum winter wheat. Estimated additional net profit (in 2015 prices) amounted to 5.37-5.42 thousand rubles. on 1 ha. Each ruble of additional costs associated with the use of the drug and fertilizers brought 1.42-1.60 rubles. net profit.

Claims (1)

A method of growing winter durum wheat with biological products, including seed treatment, characterized in that the crop precursor is pure steam, the main processing of which is carried out by dump method to a depth of 18-20 cm, while the agricultural technical measures for the care of vapors consist of early spring harrowing for moisture closure, the first cultivation to a depth of 10-12 cm, 2-3 cultivations to a depth of 8-10 cm in the spring and summer to destroy weeds, pre-sowing cultivation is carried out 1-2 days before sowing to a depth of 4-6 cm , etc than an aqueous solution of the drug is used in seed treatment at the rate of 5 g of the drug and 10 liters of water per 1 ton of seeds and foliar feeding of plants that have gone into the tube per 1 ha of sowing, 7 g of the Energy M preparation and at least 50 liters of water, the drug is used against the background of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N ₃₀ P ₆₀ .