RU2356207C1 - Method of table beet cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of table beet cultivation includes a number of actions for bedding: stubble ploughing of a forecrop, soil processing with herbicide, application of fertilisers, real tillage, prevernal breaking up of soil and levelling, preplanting irrigation and cultivation at a depth of 3-5 cm, soil compaction before planting. After bedding, sowing, soil compaction after planting, harrowing of sprouts, irrigation within the vegetation phase, thinning, protection of plants from agricultural pets and diseases, inter-row cultivation, foliage spraying and lifting of root crop are carried out. Through spraying crops and plants with the solution of bishofit natural mineral by formula MgCl₂·6H₂O plants and root crops of table beet are protected from agricultural pests and diseases. In the phase of "seed sprouting-seedling emergence" 5-8% solution of bishofit at the rate of 100-150 l/hectare is applied. In the phase "sprout rooting and preparation for forming first pair of leaves - phase (fork)" 7-12% solution of bishofit at the rate of 125-175 l/hectare is applied. In the phase "root moulting" followed by growth of root, leaves and phase "beginning of root crop formation" 10-15% solution of bishofit at the rate of 150-200 l/hectare is applied. In the phase of "maximum growth of leaves and root crop" -13-20% solution of bishofit at the rate of 175-225 l/hectare is applied. In the phase of "intensive accumulation of dry matter, sugar and vitamins", 15-20% solution of bishofit at the rate of 200-250 l/hectare is applied.

EFFECT: increase in yield and quality of table beet root crops, its storability within long term storage.

10 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to methods for cultivating table beets.

A known method of growing beets, including preparing the soil with the formation of places for sowing, sowing, applying a predetermined dose of fertilizer and caring for the sowing, in which ultrafine silica with a particle size of 10-30 Å is used as fertilizer at a rate of 50-100 kg / ha; fertilizer is carried out by the tape-point method; fertilizer is carried out continuously by the tape method; Sowing and fertilizing is carried out simultaneously (RU, patent No. 2121783 C1, IPC ⁶ A01C 1/00, A01B 79/02. The method of growing beets / B. G. Khorhorin. - Application N 96107875/13; Stated 04/11/1996; publ. 11/20/1998).

The disadvantages of the described method for growing beets include the low quality of root crops due to the absence of macrocells N, P, K, and trace elements Mo, B, Co, Zn, Cu, etc., which are vital for plants in silicon dioxide.

There is also known a method of protecting sugar beet plants from diseases, comprising treating the latter with a biologically active substance, in which SILK is used as a biologically active substance, which is the sum of triterpenic acids of the formula C ₃₀ H _46-48 O ₄ isolated from green fir in a dose 1.0-2.0 g / ha for the active substance, and the treatment of vegetative plants is carried out two to three times, starting from the appearance phase of 8-10 leaves, with a solution with a concentration of 50-100 mg / l; SILK preparation is used in the form of a 5.0% aqueous emulsion (RU, published application N 96101227 A, IPC ⁶ A01N 65/00, A01N 61/00. A method for protecting sugar beet plants from diseases / V.M. Chekurov, I. P.Sychev, V.P. Sychev. - Claimed 01/16/1996; publ. 03/27/1998).

The disadvantages of the described method in relation to the problem being solved - increasing the resistance of seedlings, plants and root crops of beetroot when cultivated in the irrigation system - include the limited duration of exposure to SILK on plants. In the system of irrigated agriculture, due to the high air temperature and surface air humidity, the protective functions of SILK are reduced to nothing. Pathogenic microflora with SILK is not suppressed.

A known method of cultivating beets, including treating the seeds with furadin and sowing, in which furadin is treated part of the norm of sowing seeds and sowing the treated seeds is carried out to a depth of 3-3.5 cm after 10-12 rows, and the sowing of untreated seeds is carried out to a depth of 1, 5-2 times greater than processed (RU, patent N 2070371 C1, IPC ⁶ А01С 1/00. Method for the cultivation of beets / I.A.Oksenenko, G.A.Oksenenko. - Application N 92008211/15; filed November 25, 1992 ; publ. 12/20/1996).

The disadvantages of the described method in relation to the problem being solved include the inadmissibility of the drug furadin for the treatment of crops of beetroot. This drug accumulates in the dry mass of the root crop even at very low doses, and through trophic chains affects the nutrition and the human body. Furadin belongs to the poisons of the 1st hazard class.

There is also a method of treating sugar beet plants by spraying with a solution of acetic acid (RU, patent No. 2070393 C1, IPC ⁶ A01N 37/00. Method for treating sugar beet plants / N.S. Kotlyarov, P.I. Zima, Z.S. Grigoryan .- Application No. 93052078/15; claimed on 11/15/1993; publ. 12/20/1996).

The disadvantages of the described method for processing plants of beetroot with acetic acid of the formula CH ₃ COOH include a low efficiency of plant treatment and an unsatisfactory effect on the soil. Some species of pests due to the pungent odor of the acetic acid solution are only deterred, but not destroyed.

A close analogue to the claimed object is a method of cultivating table beet varieties in irrigated agriculture, including stubble cultivation of a predecessor, tillage with a herbicide, fertilizing, plowing with a turn of the reservoir, early spring loosening of the soil and leveling, pre-sowing irrigation and cultivation by 3-5 cm, sowing seeds , soil packing before and after sowing, harrowing of seedlings, irrigation during the growing season, bunching, plant protection from agricultural pests and diseases, row cultivation, foliar top dressing and harvesting s (see the article by NE Stepanova. Peculiarities of growing beetroot on light chestnut soils. Collection of scientific tr. “Problems of sustainable development of land reclamation and rational nature management.” Materials of the anniversary international scientific-practical conference (Kostyakov readings). - M.: VNIIIA, 2007 .-- T.1. - 402 p. - S.347-350.

The disadvantages of the described method of cultivating table beets under irrigation conditions are the low quality of the fruits and large crop losses due to damage by pests and diseases.

According to the results of the analysis of the prior art, it was found that as the closest analogue, a method of cultivating root crops, including beetroot, including stubble cultivation, herbicide cultivation, fertilizing, plowing, spring loosening of the soil, cultivation, sowing, harrowing, row-row cultivation, can be adopted. loosening, foliar top dressing and harvesting of root crops (SU, copyright certificate N 332800, М class А01В 79/02, А01С 1/00. Method of cultivation of root crops / A.A. Wilde, G.K. Valere (USSR). - Application No. 1495005 / 30-15; claimed 11/30/1970; publ. 03/21/1972, Bull No. 11 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1972. - N11).

The disadvantages of the described method include low productivity of root crops and safety during storage.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the resistance of seedlings of plants and root crops of beetroot when cultivated in an irrigation system.

The technical result is an increase in yield and quality of root crops of beet and its keeping quality during long-term storage.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of cultivating table beets, including peeling of the predecessor stubble, treating the soil with herbicide, applying fertilizers, plowing with the formation revolution, early spring loosening of the soil and leveling, pre-sowing irrigation and cultivation to a depth of 3-5 cm, sowing, rolling soil before and after sowing, harrowing seedlings, irrigation during the growing season, bunching, protecting plants from agricultural pests and diseases, row cultivating, foliar feeding and harvesting of root crops, according to According to the invention, the protection of plants and root crops of beetroot from agricultural pests and diseases is carried out by spraying the crops and plants with a solution of the natural mineral bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O in the phase "seed germination - emergence" 5-8% solution at a rate of 100- 150 l / ha, in the phase of "rooting of seedlings and preparation for the formation of the first pair of true leaves - phase (fork)" - 7-12% solution at a rate of 125-175 l / ha, in the phase of "molting of the root", which coincides rapid development of the root system, leaves and the period "the beginning of the formation of root crops" - 10-15% - with a solution of a norm of 150-200 l / ha, in the phase of “maximum growth of leaves and root crops” - a 13-20% solution of a norm of 175-225 l / ha, during the period of “intense summer-spring accumulation of dry matter, sugars and vitamins” - 15-25% solution at a rate of 200-250 l / ha.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The technology for cultivating table beets in the experimental plot of the Boltardi cultivar of Dutch selection was built in accordance with the recommendations for cultivation in the Volgograd region, taking into account the peculiarities of the use of fertilizers when programming crop yields in irrigated agriculture.

The forerunner of beetroot was a field occupied by onions. Onions are a good precursor for all vegetable crops. The tillage system depends on the climatic conditions of the Lower Volga region and the timing of sowing.

After harvesting the onions, two peeling was carried out (with a BDT-3 disc harrow). Fertilizers were plowed with a plow, equipped with skimmers, to a depth of 0.27-0.30 m. The annual planning of the field should be a mandatory technique in preparing the soil for irrigated beets. Therefore, after plowing, the field surface was carefully leveled by a heavy drag with an angle to the direction of movement of the arable unit, thereby achieving good cutting of the soil.

In the spring, early spring harrowing was carried out (DT-75 tractor with S-11 U coupler and ZBS-1 harrows). When physical soil ripeness occurs, cultivation is carried out to a depth of 0.06-0.08 m.

In light chestnut soils of the Volga-Don interfluve by the time of sowing beetroot, the soil layer at a depth of 0-0.50 m often dries up. For this reason, in 2006 (May 31 - irrigation rate of 150 m ³ / ha; 2007 - June 5 - irrigation rate of 150 m ³ / ha), pre-sowing water-charging irrigation was carried out. The main goal is to obtain friendly seedlings and create soil moisture reserves in deeper horizons. A field intended for sowing beets by the time of sowing is overgrown with weeds. Two weeks before sowing, provocative irrigation is carried out. The depth of the treated layer is 0.3 m (irrigation rate of 150 m ³ / ha). To cultivate the soil from weeds before sowing, two cultivations were carried out (MTZ-80 tractor with KPS-4 cultivator).

Sowing beetroot in 2006 was carried out on June 5, in 2007 - on June 9. For sowing, Dutch Boltardi beet seeds with a diameter of 3-3.5 mm were used. Sowing beets was carried out with an eight-row KLEN seeder with an MTZ-80 tractor to a depth of 0.03-0.04 m with a row spacing of 0.70 m and a sowing rate of 450 thousand units / ha. After sowing, the field was rolled in with rollers of the ZKKSh-6A models for a more friendly emergence of seedlings.

To control weeds before seedlings of beetroot, the sowing field was treated with the Dualgold herbicide at a dose of 1.5 l / ha. After emergence of seedlings for loosening the soil and weed control, harrowing was carried out across the sowing rows with light harrows. To obtain the specified fullness of seedlings, 2-3 irrigation with a small norm of 100-150 m ³ / ha is required (2006 - 5.06; 15.06; 2007 - 9.06; 16.06; 23.06.).

During the growing season, irrigation was carried out with the DKSh-64 Volzhanka sprinkler.

Inter-row cultivation of table beet crops was carried out by cultivators-plant feeding plants (KRN-5.6 with a tractor MTZ-80). The number of inter-row treatments depends on the weediness of fields, natural rainfall and vegetation irrigation. The first inter-row treatment was carried out in the phase of 2 true leaves. In the future, another 2-3 inter-row treatments are carried out with a depression of up to 0.14 m (after 10-12 days). This improves soil aeration. The last deep cultivation is carried out in the phase "Technical ripeness", before closing the leaves in the aisle.

The first top dressing of beet crops is carried out in the phase of 2 real leaves before watering, and the subsequent top dressing is in the phase of root formation. To obtain 10 t / ha of table beet products on light chestnut soils of the Volga-Don interfluve, N - 36 kg a.v. / ha; R ₂ About ₃ - 20 kg a.v. / ha; K ₂ O - 17 kg a.v. / ha.

The best conditions for the growth and development of table beet with a pre-irrigation moisture threshold of 80-80-70% HB depending on the depth of the moistened layer, with 80% HB - from seedlings to the beginning of root crop formation, 80% - from the beginning of root crop formation to technical ripeness, 70% HB - from technical ripeness to harvest. While maintaining the moisture of the calculated soil layer: seedlings - the beginning of the formation of the root crop - 0.3-0.6 m; at the beginning of the formation of the root crop - technical ripeness - 0.3-0.6 m; in the last period, technical ripeness - cleaning - 0.3-0.6 m.

The methods and schemes for sowing beetroot can be varied: one-two-line 50-60 × 6-10 (cm). On the ridges - four-five-line crops. The number of plants - 400-500 thousand pieces. per 1 ha: on ridges - 400-700 thousand units / ha. The seeding rate of 10-16 kg / ha or 400-500 thousand pieces of similar seeds per 1 ha. 10 ... 15 days later than the beginning of spring field work they sow table beets for laying for winter storage (they sow earlier on a bunch). Beetroot changes soil moisture requirements depending on age and cultivation area. Seeds should germinate in moist (not lower than 80% HB PPV in the upper layer), warm soil. If autumn moisture recharging and snow retention were not carried out, then pre-sowing watering is obligatory, and in dry spring - post-sowing moistening. During the period of growth of tops, soil moisture should be at the level of 70-75% of PPV, in the phase of the formation of root crops - 85%. Rare irrigation with large rates are excluded. 3-4 weeks before harvesting, vegetative irrigation stops. Only in extremely arid periods they are carried out by the lowest standards to maintain soil moisture of 55-60% in a layer of 0-0.3 m.

Irrigation regime for table beets, m ³ / ha: non-chernozem zone: irrigation norm 70-120, irrigation - 700-1100, number of irrigations 6-10; southern zone: irrigation norm 70-150, irrigation 1600-2000; the number of irrigations is 18-22. The coefficient of water consumption is 70-80 m ³ / t. The irrigation rate is determined by the difference between the water supply in the soil layer - the upper and lower values of the PPV of this crop.

The protection of plants and root crops of beetroot from agricultural pests and diseases is carried out by spraying crops and plants with a solution of the natural mineral bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O. There are several tens of billions of tons of proven reserves of the natural mineral bischofite in the Lower Volga region. The bishofit mineral on the surface is recovered by underground water dissolution. Pany (brine) is removed to the surface. The density of the brine ranges from 1.25 to 1.40 t / m ³ . Mineralization of brine - 281.35-321.00 g / l. Table 1 shows the composition of bischofite leach brine samples mined in the Narimanov and Gorodishchensk deposits (Volgograd region, RF). The analysis of samples of bischofite leach brines is shown in table 2. The content of macro- and microelements in the sample from well No. 4 of the Gorodishchenskoye field is shown in table 3. Table 4 describes the composition of the bischofite mineral extracted in the city of Volgograd.

In the phase of "seed germination - emergence of seedlings" of table beets are sprayed with a 5-8% solution of the natural mineral bischofite at a rate of 100-150 l / ha. The presence in the solution of calcium chloride (CaCl ₂ ), magnesium bromide (MgBr ₂ ), potassium chloride (KCl), sodium chloride (NaCl) and magnesium chloride (MgCl ₂ ) allows you to suppress pathogenic microflora in the upper soil layer, to destroy the larvae of pests and save seedlings from phomosis, gray rot, white scab, tail rot. The influence of this agricultural technique on the output of standard products, the preservation of root crops and their quality are presented by numerical data in tables 5-10. The control adopted the basic technology for the cultivation of beetroot in irrigated agriculture of the Lower Volga.

In the phase of “rooting of seedlings and preparation for the formation of the first pair of true leaves”, i.e. seedlings are treated with the “fork” phase by wide-spread sprayers of the OMB 2000, OH-600-12, OP-2000-18, and other models with a 7-12% solution. The application rate is 125-175 l / ha. Spraying is carried out in the morning at a wind speed of less than 5 m / s. For foliar dressing with micronutrients from bischofite brine (see Table 5-10), Boltardi table beet plants in the “root shedding” phase, which coincides with the rapid development of the root system and leaves and the period “beginning of root crop formation” (ie diameter more than 15-20 mm), spraying of crops is carried out with a 10-15% solution at a rate of 150-200 l / ha.

The obtained experimental data on the experience and control are presented by numerical data in tables 5-10.

In the phase of “maximum growth of leaves and root crops”, table beet plants are sprayed with a 13-20% solution of bischofite mineral at a rate of 175-225 l / ha. To increase the keeping quality of root crops and to improve their quality during the period of intensive summer-autumn accumulation of dry matter, sugars and vitamins, the last spraying is carried out with a 15-25% solution at a rate of 200-250 l / ha. To increase the shelf life of the solution on the vegetative part and root crops, a 5% solution of CMC glue is added to this bischofite solution. The information obtained is displayed in tables 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10.

The sequential application of bischofite brine and the macro- and microelements contained in it according to the described phenological phases provides an increase in the yield of beetroot, nutritional value and keeping quality of root crops. The alternation of spraying the crops of table beets with bischofite solution and sprinkling irrigation against the background of sufficient mineral nutrition ensure the achievement of the above technical result. The results of field experiments obtained in the years of research 2004-2006 are shown in tables 5-7 and 8-10.

Table 1
The composition of the samples of the leach brine bischofite (bishofit), extracted in the fields of the Volgograd region in salt form, g / kg Component Name Chemical formula Field Narimanov Gorodishchenskoe Well No. 2-1 Well No. 4-11 Calcium bicarbonate Ca (NSO ₃ ) ₂ 0.65 0.15 0.15 Calcium Sulphate (Calcium Sulphate) CaSO ₄ 0.80 1.20 0.80 Magnesium Sulfate (Magnesium Sulfate) MgSO ₄ 1.10 Calcium chloride CaCl ₂ - 0.40 0.25 Magnesium bromide MgBr ₂ 3.50 4.10 4.00 Potassium chloride Kcl 1.10 2.75 3.40 Sodium Chloride NaCl 7.00 - - Magnesium chloride MgCl ₂ 267.2 325.30 315.00 Total: - 281.35 333.90 324.20

table 2
Analysis of samples of bischofite leach brines mined in the fields of the Volgograd region, g / kg Component Name Chemical formula Field Narimanov Gorodishchenskoe Well No. 2-1 Well No. 4-11 Chlorine Cl 203.7 242.2 233.60 Sulphates SO ₄ 1.50 0.85 0.60 Hydrocarbonate NSO ₃ 0.50 0.10 0.10 Calcium Sa 0.40 0.50 0.40 Magnesium Mg 68.90 83.60 81.10 Potassium TO 0.60 1.40 1.80 Sodium Na 2.70 - - Boron AT 0.06 - - Strontium Sr 0.0036 0.0019 0.0015 Bromine Br 3.05 3.50 3.40 Density, t / m ³ - 1.2444 1.3051 1.2948 The mineralization of the solution, g / l 281.35 331.95 321.00

Table 3
Analysis of samples of bischofite leach brine and the content of macro- and microelements in them (brine mined in well N4 of the Gorodischenskoye field of the Volgograd region), g / kg Name Chemical element Content From Before Boron AT 0.00200 0.0080 Calcium Sa 0.0030 0.0050 Bismuth Bi 0.0005 0.0010 Molybdenum Mo 0.0005 0.0010 Iron Fe 0.0030 0.0300 Aluminum Al 0.0010 0.0200 Titanium Ti 0.0005 0.0010 Copper Cu 0.0001 0.0030 Silicon Si 0.0020 0.2000 Barium Wa 0.0001 0.0006 Strontium Sr 0.0010 0.0200 Rhenium Re 0.0001 0.0020 Cesium Cs 0.0001 0.0010 Lithium Li 0.0001 0.0003

Table 4
The composition of bischofite brine mined within the city of Volgograd Name Chemical element Content g / l % Magnesium Mg 76.0-80.0 25.805-25.682 Calcium Sa 0.4-0.6 0.1357-0.1926 Potassium TO 4.0-5.0 1.0358-1.605 Sodium Na 0.1-0.2 0.033-0.064 Chlorine Cl 210.0-220.0 71.303-70.626 Nitrogen N 1.6-1.8 0.543-0.5778 Sulfur S 1.2-1.5 0.407-0.4815 Phosphorus R 0.1-0.2 0.034-0.0642 Carbon dioxide CO ₂ 0.1-0.2 0.034-0.0642 Bromine Br 0.3-0.5 0.102-0.1605 Boron AT 0.05-0.08 0.017-0.02568 Manganese Mn 0.02-0.03 0.0068-0.0096 Silicon Si 0.5-1.0 0.1698-0.321 Aluminum Al 0.01-0.05 0.0034-0.01605 Iron Fe 0.05-0.10 0.017-0.0321 Strontium Sr 0.01-0.10 0.034-0.0321 Cadmium Cd 0.03-0.04 0.0017-0.00256 Bismuth Bi 0.005-0.008 0.0017-0.00256 Molybdenum Mo 0.02-0.03 0.0068-0.0096 Copper Cu 0.001-0.004 0.00034-0.00128 Barium Ba 0.001-0.004 0.00034-0.00128 Rubidium Rb 0.001-0.002 0.00034-0.00064 Lithium Li 0.005-0.008 0.0017-0.00256 Titanium Ti 0.001-0.005 0.00034-0.001605 Cesium Cs 0.001-0.005 0.00034-0.001605 Other trace elements 0.006-0.008 0.00204-0.00256 Total: - 294.515-311.477 -

Table 5
Preservation of root crops of table beet varieties Boltardi when spraying bischofite on crops cultivated in irrigated agriculture (according to average data for 2004-2006) The time and phase of making the bischofite mineral solution Irrigation rate, m ³ / ha The dose of mineral fertilizers, kg AI / ha The output of standard production,% Loss% N R TO mass loss from diseases losses by type of disease fomosis gray rot white scab tail rot kat rot one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 eleven 12 13 Seed germination - emergence of seedlings, concentration -5%, norm -100 l / ha Rooting seedlings and preparation for the formation of the first pair of true leaves, concentration 7%, normal - 125 l / ha Shedding of the root - the beginning of the formation of root crops, concentration - 10%, norm -150 l / ha 1980 180 one hundred 90 91.4 5.3 23.3 7.0 6.6 2.7 3.8 3.2 Maximum growth of leaves and root crops, concentration - 13%, norm -175 l / ha Intensive summer-autumn accumulation of dry matter, sugars and vitamins, concentration - 15%, norm - 200 l / ha. Control - cultivation using basic technology 1980 180 one hundred 90 72.7 6.2 29.1 9.1 7.8 3.2 4.7 4.3

Table 6
Preservation of root crops of table beet varieties Boltardi when spraying bischofite on crops cultivated in irrigated agriculture (according to average data for 2004-2006) The time and phase of making the bischofite mineral solution Irrigation rate, m ³ / ha The dose of mineral fertilizers, kg AI / ha The output of standard production,% Loss% N R TO mass loss from diseases losses by type of disease fomosis gray rot white scab tail rot kat rot one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 eleven 12 13 Seed germination - emergence of seedlings, concentration -6.5%, normal - 125 l / ha The rooting of seedlings and preparation for the formation of the first pair of true leaves, the concentration of 9.5%, the norm is 150 l / ha Shedding of the root - the beginning of the formation of root crops, concentration - 12.5%, norm -175 l / ha 1980 180 one hundred 90 92.1 5.8 24.7 8.7 7.4 3.0 2.7 2.9 The maximum growth of leaves and root crops, the concentration is 16.5%, the norm is -200 l / ha Intensive summer-autumn accumulation of dry matter, sugars and vitamins, concentration - 20%, normal - 225 l / ha Control - cultivation using basic technology 1980 180 one hundred 90 72.7 6.2 29.1 9.1 7.8 3.2 4.7 4.3

Table 7
Preservation of root crops of table beet cultivar Boltardi, when sprayed with bischofite on crops cultivated in irrigated agriculture (according to average data for 2004-2006) The time and phase of making the bischofite mineral solution Irrigation rate, m ³ / ha The dose of mineral fertilizers, kg AI / ha The output of standard production,% Loss% N R TO mass loss from diseases losses by type of disease fomosis gray rot white scab tail rot kat rot one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 eleven 12 13 Seed germination - seedling emergence, concentration -8%, normal - 150 l / ha Rooting seedlings and preparation for the formation of the first pair of true leaves, concentration - 12%, normal - 175 l / ha Shedding of the root - the beginning of the formation of root crops, concentration - 15%, normal - 200 l / ha 1980 180 one hundred 90 88.7 4.0 23,4 7.1 6.9 2,4 3.8 3.2 The maximum growth of leaves and root crops, the concentration is 20%, the norm is 225 l / ha Intensive summer-autumn accumulation of dry matter, sugars and vitamins, concentration - 25%, normal - 250 l / ha Control - cultivation using basic technology 1980 180 one hundred 90 72.7 6.2 29.1 9.1 7.8 3.2 4.7 4.3 <s'

Table 8
Productivity and quality of table beet varieties Boltardi when processing crops with a solution of the natural mineral bischofite (according to average data for 2004-2006) The time and phase of making the bischofite mineral solution Irrigation rate, m ³ / ha number of irrigations The dose of mineral fertilizers, kg AI / ha Productivity indicators Product quality N R K Productivity, t / ha The average mass of root fruits, g Standard root fruit,% dry matter the amount of sugars,% nitrates, mg / kg one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 eleven Seed germination - emergence of seedlings, concentration - 6.5%, normal - 125 l / ha Rooting seedlings and preparation for the formation of the first pair of true leaves, concentration - 9.5% normal - 150 l / ha Shedding of the root - the beginning of the formation of root crops, concentration - 12.5%, normal - 175 l / ha

180 one hundred 90 49.7 220,4 91.1 12.6 8.1 979 The maximum growth of leaves and root crops, the concentration is 16.5%, the norm is 200 l / ha Intensive summer-autumn accumulation of dry matter, sugars and vitamins, concentration - 20%, normal - 225 l / ha Control - cultivation using basic technology

180 one hundred 90 47.7 210.3 89.0 12.7 8.7 1100

Table 9
Productivity and quality of table beet varieties Boltardi when processing crops with a solution of the natural mineral bischofite (according to average data for 2004-2006) The time and phase of making the bischofite mineral solution Irrigation rate
m ³ / ha number of irrigations The dose of mineral fertilizers, kg AI / ha Productivity indicators Product quality N R K Productivity, t / ha The average mass of root fruits, g Standard root-fruits,% dry matter the amount of sugars,% nitrates, mg / kg one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 eleven Seed germination - emergence of seedlings, concentration - 5%, normal - 100 l / ha Rooting seedlings and preparation for the formation of the first pair of true leaves, concentration - 7%, normal - 125 l / ha Shedding of the root - the beginning of the formation of root crops, concentration - 10%, normal - 150 l / ha

180 one hundred 90 60.1 264.6 97.2 14.1 10.9 866 The maximum growth of leaves and root crops, the concentration is 13%, the norm is 175 l / ha Intensive summer-autumn accumulation of dry matter, sugars and vitamins, concentration - 15%, normal - 200 l / ha Control - cultivation using basic technology

180 one hundred 90 47.7 210.3 89.0 12.7 8.7 1100

Table 10
Productivity and quality of table beet varieties Boltardi when processing crops with a solution of the natural mineral bischofite (according to average data for 2004-2006) The time and phase of making the bischofite mineral solution Irrigation rate, m ³ / ha number of irrigations The dose of mineral fertilizers, kg AI / ha Productivity indicators Product quality N R TO Productivity, t / ha The average mass of root crops, g Standard root crops,% dry matter the amount of sugars,% nitrates, mg / kg one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 eleven Seed germination - emergence of seedlings, concentration - 8%, normal - 150 l / ha Rooting seedlings and preparation for the formation of the first pair of true leaves, concentration - 12%, normal - 175 l / ha Shedding of the root - the beginning of the formation of root crops, concentration - 15%, normal - 200 l / ha

180 one hundred 90 52.3 234.5 96.8 13.1 9.3 946 The maximum growth of leaves and root crops, the concentration is 20%, the norm is 225 l / ha Intensive summer-autumn accumulation of dry matter, sugars and vitamins, concentration - 25%, normal - 250 l / ha Control - cultivation using basic technology

180 one hundred 90 47.7 210.3 89.0 12.7 8.7 1100

Claims (1)

A method of cultivating table beet, including stubble cultivation of the predecessor, soil treatment with herbicide, fertilizing, plowing with a turn of the reservoir, early spring loosening and leveling, pre-sowing irrigation and cultivation to a depth of 3-5 cm, sowing, rolling soil before and after sowing, harrowing seedlings , irrigation during the growing season, bunching, protection of plants from agricultural pests and diseases, row cultivation, foliar top dressing and harvesting of root crops, characterized in that the protection of plants and root crops is a table new beets from agricultural pests and diseases are carried out by spraying crops and plants with a solution of the natural mineral bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O in the phase of “seed germination - emergence of seedlings” with a 5-8% solution at a rate of 100-150 l / ha, per phase "Rooting of seedlings and preparation for the formation of the first pair of true leaves - phase (fork)" - 7-12% solution at a rate of 125-175 l / ha, in the phase of "molting of the root", which coincides with the rapid development of the root system, leaves and the period "the beginning of the formation of root crops" - 10-15% solution at a rate of 150-200 l / ha, in the phase "maximum growth of leaves and root crops" - 13-20% solution at a rate of 175-225 l / ha, during the period of "intense summer-autumn accumulation of dry matter, sugars and vitamins" - 15-25% solution at a rate of 200- 250 l / ha.