RU2292715C1 - Method for enhancing of white cabbage crop yield - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular enhancing of vegetable crop yield.

SUBSTANCE: claimed method includes seed pretreatment and spraying of vegetative plants with active substance. As said substance aqueous solution of Zircon preparation is used, wherein abovementioned preparation contains complex of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives including chicory acid, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in ratio of 79-81:14-16:4-6 respectively in concentration of 0.009-0.11 mg/ml and surfactant based on oxyethylated alkylphenols. Treatment is carried out at preparation consumption of 0.02-0.03 ml per 1 kg of cabbage seeds and 3-5 ml per q hectare of vegetative cabbage plant.

EFFECT: enhanced seed germination; increased cabbage yield and improved quality thereof.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and specifically relates to methods of increasing the yield of vegetable crops, in particular cabbage.

One of the urgent tasks of the further development of agriculture is to increase the resistance of plants to diseases and increase the yield (productivity) of crops. Along with the general culture of agriculture, agrochemistry, land reclamation, selection and seed growing, an important reserve for the successful solution of this problem is the use of biologically active substances that stimulate the growth and development of plants, as well as protect them from diseases.

A known method of stimulating fruit formation in tomatoes, including spraying the latter with an aqueous solution of gibberellins at a concentration of 15 mg / l once in the phase of blooming half of the flowers on the brush / A.S. USSR 835337, class A 01 No. 61/00, publ. 06/07/81).

The disadvantages of this method are the complexity of applying an aqueous solution of gibberellins to inflorescences, the uneven distribution of the drug over the plant, which leads to the appearance of ugly non-standard fruits, as well as a low fungicidal effect of processing.

A known method of growing cabbage using high doses of organic and mineral fertilizers in the soil (Bolshunov V.A., Koyvunen T.M. High yields of vegetables. - L .: Kolos, 1977, p.129).

However, the introduction of high doses of fertilizer into the soil leads to the accumulation of nitrates in cabbage and is economically disadvantageous, and, in addition, has a negative effect on the storage of cabbage in winter.

A known method of growing cabbage, including feeding cabbage with water-soluble nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers during the growth period of young plants by irrigation method (Bolshunov V.A., Koyvunen T.M. High yields of vegetables. - L .: Kolos, 1977, p. 129 )

However, the known method is expensive, since a large amount of artificially synthesized mineral fertilizers is necessary for feeding cabbage, some of which remain in the soil and are not used by plants.

There is another method for growing cabbage, including growing seedlings of cabbage and processing it in the aerial part in the phases of four and six leaves with an aqueous solution of biologically active substances, using an aqueous solution of sea water, the treatment being carried out in doses that provide top dressing at least three times in seedlings after four to seven days. The highest yield is achieved by the fact that after transplanting seedlings in the field, they are sprayed at least two times no more than seven days before the heading of the head. In addition, in order to eliminate soil salinization in sea water, the content of sodium, magnesium, and calcium salts is reduced. On non-sunny days, the stomata of leaf blades are open, which contributes to the best absorption of the solution by the plant (RU 2060635, May 27, 1996). However, this method is used only in the processing of vegetative plants and is not used for pre-sowing seed treatment, moreover, it is not effective enough to increase cabbage productivity at the modern level.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed inventions is a known method of increasing crop yields, including pre-sowing seed treatment or spraying vegetative plants with a biologically active substance, which is used as a 0.0003% aqueous solution of lyophilisate of winter rye extract with a flow rate of 8-12 l per ton of seeds or 300 l per 1 ha of vegetative plants (RU 2076603, 04/10/1997). The well-known drug has the working name "Typhoon." The disadvantage of this method is the insufficient yield increase.

The technical task of the claimed invention is to increase the energy of seed germination, improve the quality of cabbage seedlings, increase productivity and improve the quality of cabbage. The stated technical problem is achieved in that in a method of increasing the yield of white cabbage, including pre-sowing seed treatment or treatment (spraying) of vegetative plants with an active substance, an aqueous solution of the Zircon preparation containing a mixture of a complex of derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acid, including chicoric acid and coffee, is used as the active substance. acid in a mass ratio of respectively 79-81: 14-16: 4-6 with a concentration of 0.009-0.11 mg / ml and surfactant in the preparation based on ethoxylated alkyl phenol at a ratio of 1: 1, the treatment is carried out at a flow rate of 0.02-0.03 ml per 1 kg of cabbage seeds or 3-5 ml per 1 ha of vegetative plants - planting cabbage.

The Zircon preparation used in the method according to the invention as an active substance (growth-regulating preparation) is a mixture of a surfactant based on ethoxylated alkyl phenols and a complex based on derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acid, including chicoric acid, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in a weight ratio of 79-81 of them : 14-16: 4-6, respectively, its content in the preparation of 0.009-0.11 mg / ml with a ratio of complex and surfactant of the above substance 1: 1.

The above-mentioned growth-regulating complex, which is part of the Zircon preparation, is obtained by sequentially treating air-dried plant materials obtained from the aerial parts of plants Echinacea purpurea, including extraction of the raw materials with 90-96% ethanol with a mass ratio of ethanol and raw materials of 59-61: 1, respectively. subsequent acidification of the extract with salicylic acid to a pH of not more than 5.0; separation of plant inhibitors from the extract by further purification with a polymer sorbent and concentrated extract by evaporation.

The Zircon preparation used in the method according to the invention is a new, environmentally friendly, natural-based plant growth regulator. It is characterized by ultra-low consumption rates per unit mass of seeds and unit of cultivated area. [The drug and the method for its preparation are protected by a patent of the Russian Federation dated 02.16.2005 according to the application No. 2004103040/15].

The method is implemented as follows.

The drug zircon is diluted in water at a concentration of 0.001% and treated with the resulting solution seeds of white cabbage for 6-12 hours. Then they are dried and plated in cassettes filled with seedlings. As a result of pre-sowing treatment of cabbage seeds, the germination and germination energy of seeds increase (by 7.7% and 15.6%, respectively), the seedlings obtained significantly exceed the control in terms of the volume of the root system and plant height (table 1).

The amount of the drug during seed treatment is 0.02-0.03 ml per 1 kg of seeds.

When processing vegetative plants of cabbage plantings, the Zircon preparation is diluted with water in a similar way and vegetative plants are treated by a single spraying at a flow rate of 300-500 l per ha. Cabbage is processed in the phase of a full leaf outlet. As a result of treatments with zircon on vegetative plants, their growth is stimulated, which is expressed in a significant increase in the leaf surface area compared to the control (water treatment) and compared to the standard (treatment with Immunocytophyte). The results of biometric measurements are presented in table 2.

Table 1.
The influence of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of cabbage of the variety Amager 611 on their sowing qualities and habitus indicators of seedlings Experience option Laboratory germination,% Germination energy,% The volume of the root system, cm ³ Height cm Control (water) 89.3 72.7 0.9 16.58 Standard (Immunocytophyte) 93.2 86.0 1,0 17.78 Zircon, 0.001% (seed treatment - 0.0022-0.0033 mg / kg) 97.0 88.3 1,6 19.67 Smallest significant difference at 5% significance level 0.3 1.36 Table 2.
The effect of zircon treatment on the leaf surface area of Amager 611 cabbage. Experience option The average leaf area of one plant, m ² Difference with control m ² % Control (water) 0.54 - - Etalon (Immunocytophyte), 0.004% 0.68 +0.14 +20.6 Zircon, 0.001% (seed treatment - 0.0022-0.0033 mg / kg) 0.75 +0.21 +28.0 Smallest significant difference at 5% significance level - 0,041 -

As an example of the implementation of the method, we consider the results of an experiment using Zircon on a culture of white cabbage. Seedlings were grown by cluster method in film greenhouses in April-May. Zircon treatment was carried out by soaking the seeds. Seedlings were planted in generally accepted agronomic terms, against a standard background of fertilizers. Planting care was carried out according to standard technology. Soil - alluvial-meadow meadow of the Moskvoretsky floodplain. In the phase of a complete leaf outlet, the plants were treated by spraying at a rate of 4 ml / ha and a flow rate of 400 l / ha.

Result. The increase in cabbage yield during the processing of seeds and vegetative plants was 30, 23% compared with the control and 9, 03% compared with the standard. Table 3 presents the results of the experiment.

Tables 3.
The effect of Zircon treatment on the productivity of Amater 611 cabbage. Experience option Average productivity, t / ha Increase in control t / ha % Control (water) 31.90 - - Etalon (Immunocytophyte), 0.004% - seed and plant treatment 40,48 8.58 21,20 Zircon, 0.001% - seed and plant treatment (0.33-0.55 mg / ha) 45.72 13.82 30,23 Smallest significant difference at 5% significance level - 6.20 -

Thus, the use of this method provides an increase in seed germination, seedling quality and an increase in the yield of white cabbage.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the yield of white cabbage, including pre-sowing seed treatment and spraying vegetative plants with an active substance, in which the active substance is an aqueous solution of Zircon containing a mixture of a complex of derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acid, including chicoric acid, chlorogenic and caffeic acids in a weight ratio of 79 respectively -81: 14-16: 4-6 with its concentration in the preparation of 0.009-0.11 mg / ml, and a surfactant based on ethoxylated alkyl phenols pr and their ratio 1: 1, while processing is carried out at a flow rate of 0.02-0.03 ml (0.0022-0.0033 mg) per 1 kg of cabbage seeds and 3-5 ml (0.33-0.55 mg) per 1 ha of vegetative plants - planting cabbage.