RU2448457C1 - Method of stimulation development, growth and productivity of plants on hydroponic plants of greenhouse complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, crop production and hydroponics. The method includes creation in greenhouses of greenhouse complex of lighting and climate regimes, planting the seeds of plants to the substrate, singling, culling of seedlings, care of plants, harvesting. At that during the entire process of cultivation the plants the substrate is moistened with hydroponic solution consisting of a mixture of 4-days suspension of green alga Chlorella vulgaris, a density of 60-70 million cells/ml, with a saturated solution of oxygen-containing gas of inorganic substances by spraying plants and direct supply to the zone of the root system. In addition, the ratio of the components in the hydroponic solution, and qualitative and/or quantitative composition of the solution of inorganic substances is adjusted throughout the growing season.

EFFECT: method enables to increase viability and energy of germinating ability of seeds, to raise the energy of growth, to form a strong root system, to strengthen the immune system of plants and to increase yield.

8 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of crop production, in particular to methods for regulating the growth and development of plants, as well as increasing their productivity in a protected ground. Such methods are applied to vegetables, berries and ornamental (growing flowers to cut) plants that are cultivated in hydroponic plants in the greenhouses of greenhouse plants.

From the "prior art" known "Method of growing plants in greenhouses on racks of hydroponic plants" described in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2028769 C1, class. A01G 31/00, A01G 31/02, publ. 02/20/1995 on 6 pages. In the known method, seedlings are planted in trays with nutrient solution and cultivated by irradiation of plants with lamps.

Indeed, increasing the energy of artificial radiation intensifies the process of photosynthesis, which ensures the production of biomass. However, this method does not provide for the adjustment of a hydroponic solution depending on the phase of plant growth. In addition, currently used hydroponic solutions, as a rule, are solutions of inorganic substances. In such solutions are absent or in insufficient volume contains essential organic compounds and stimulants.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive technology for growing plants in hydroponic plants, starting with the process of planting seeds and ending with the stimulation of plant development in the fruiting phase. In addition, the claimed technical solution is aimed at eliminating the above disadvantages.

The technical result of the present invention is to increase the energy of germination and germination of seeds, increase the energy of growth, the formation of a strong root system, strengthen the immunity of plants, increase yield.

In addition, the claimed method has the following advantages:

- plant roots never suffer from drying out and lack of oxygen;

- there is no problem of lack of fertilizers or their overdose;

- the problems of pests and diseases, such as rot, powdery mildew, rust, fusarium, septoria, anthracnose, scab, late blight, phomosis disappear, in addition, the harmful threshold of the spider mite, gall nematode and other phytophages is restrained;

- there is no need to purchase soil;

- since the plant receives only the substances it needs in the required quantities, it does not accumulate substances harmful to human health that are present in the soil;

- due to the enrichment of the nutrient medium with a wide range of organic compounds and growth stimulants present in the suspension of Chlorella Vulgaris, the digestibility and efficiency of the use by plants of the entire composition of inorganic substances contained in the hydroponic solution are also increased.

The technical result is provided by the fact that a method of stimulating the development, growth and productivity of plants in pallets on racks of hydroponic plants of the greenhouse complex includes the creation in the greenhouses of the greenhouse complex of light and climatic conditions, planting plant seeds on a substrate, picking, rejecting seedlings, caring for plants (in phases active growth, flowering and fruiting) and harvesting. At the same time, during the whole process of plant cultivation, the substrate is moistened with a hydroponic solution consisting of a mixture of a four-day suspension of green algae Chlorella Vulgaris, with a density of 60-70 million cells / ml, with a solution of inorganic substances saturated with an oxygen-containing gas by spraying the plants and directly feeding the root system into the zone . In addition, the ratio of components in a hydroponic solution and the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of the solution of inorganic substances are adjusted during the entire vegetation of plants. Such adjustment of the solution of inorganic substances can be carried out by changing the concentrations of individual ingredients, or by replacing individual ingredients with others, or by replacing the entire solution as a whole.

In accordance with a particular embodiment of the invention, before the seedling phase, the substrate is moistened with a hydroponic solution consisting of a mixture of a four-day suspension of green algae Chlorella Vulgaris, density 60-70 million cells / ml, with a saturated oxygen-containing gas solution of inorganic substances in a ratio of 1: 1, and in phase growth, flowering and fruiting - moisturize with a hydroponic solution consisting of a mixture of a four-day suspension of green algae Chlorella Vulgaris, with a density of 60-70 million cells / ml, with an oxygen-saturated solution of inorganic gas physical substances in a ratio of from 1: 1 to 1:20. Plants are sprayed with a hydroponic solution, consisting of a mixture of a four-day suspension of green algae Chlorella Vulgaris, with a density of 60-70 million cells / ml, with a solution of inorganic substances saturated with an oxygen-containing gas in a ratio of 1: 2 to 1:10.

In the claimed method, as a solution of inorganic substances, a solution of the Biological Institute of the Leningrad University V. A. Chesnokov and E. N. Bazyrina can be used. In this solution, the amount of salts (in g) per 1000 liters of water is:

Ammonium nitrate 200 Potassium nitrate 500 Superphosphate (simple) 550 Magnesium sulfate 300

In the inventive method, the Knop solution can be used as a solution of inorganic substances. In this solution, the amount of salts (in g) per 1000 liters of water is:

Potassium nitrate 250 Potassium phosphate 250 Calcium nitrate 1000 Magnesium sulfate 250

In the inventive method, a solution of Hogland and Arnon can be used as a solution of inorganic substances. In this solution, the amount of salts (in g) per 1000 liters of water is:

Potassium nitrate 505 Potassium phosphate 136 Calcium nitrate 820 Magnesium sulfate 240

In the claimed method as a solution of inorganic substances can be used Gericheck's solution. In this solution, the amount of salts (in g) per 1000 liters of water is:

Potassium nitrate 1100 Potassium phosphate 136 Calcium nitrate 475 Magnesium sulfate 120

In the inventive method, a solution of the University of California can be used as a solution of inorganic substances. In this solution, the amount of salts (in g) per 1000 liters of water is:

Ammonium phosphate 115 Potassium nitrate 610 Calcium nitrate 710 Magnesium sulfate 490

In the inventive method, a solution of the Experimental Station in New Jersey can be used as a solution of inorganic substances. In this solution, the amount of salts (in g) per 1000 liters of water is:

Ammonium sulfate 80 Potassium phosphate 262 Calcium nitrate 892 Magnesium sulfate 475

The claimed method is illustrated by an illustration, which shows a functional diagram of a greenhouse complex.

In accordance with this scheme, the claimed invention is as follows.

The hydroponic solution and its components are supplied and collected using the system of pipelines 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and pumps 9, 10, 11, 12. The flow of water, ingredients and hydroponic solution is controlled by means of controlled valves 13 , 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. Moreover, the valves 20, 22, 24, 26, 27 are electromagnetic, their functioning is provided by controller 31, depending on the readings of sensors 32, 33, 34 (32 - a sensor for measuring the pH of a solution, 33 - a combined sensor for measuring the conductivity and temperature of a solution, 34 - a sensor ur ram solution). The control system 35 (type, SHUN) ensures the operation of pumps 11 and 12, as well as the operation of electromagnetic valves 29, 30 and electric locks for delaying solution 36 and 37 in pallets 38 of the greenhouse complex 39. Water, solutions of inorganic ingredients and hydroponic solution are cleaned on filters 40 , 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46.

In order to prevent the precipitation of salts of iron phosphate, calcium phosphates and other salts insoluble in water during the preparation of the hydroponic solution, solutions of inorganic ingredients contain 50, 51, 52 in three containers.

Initially, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and iron chelate are dissolved in mixer 53 (if these substances are used), then from the mixer 53 the resulting solution is poured into a container 50.

Then, all sulfates, monosubstituted potassium phosphate, boric acid and ammonium molybdate are dissolved in mixer 53 (if these substances are used). The resulting solution is filled in the tank 51.

For better dissolution, the water is heated to a temperature of 50 ° C.

Capacity 52 is filled with phosphoric acid to adjust the pH of the solution.

Before preparing the hydroponic solution, the solutions of inorganic ingredients are subjected to saturation with an oxygen-containing gas (oxygen or air) by means of compressors 47, 48, 49.

Solutions of ingredients from containers 50, 51, 52 are fed into a container for preparing a ready-made solution 54, which can be equipped with a stirrer. A four-day suspension of green algae Chlorella Vulgaris, with a density of 60-70 million cells / ml, is also served in this container.

Chlorella Vulgaris of the desired density is cultivated as follows. Separate cultivation of the uterine culture and commodity suspension is carried out in different plants and in different biotechnologies. To put production plants into operation, the required volume of uterine culture of chlorella is obtained in separate plants - mother liquors. In the uterine plants, the Chlorella Vulgaris strain (IGF No. C-111) is cultivated using extensive technology. On the uterine device, an increase in cell density occurs up to 50-60 million cells in 1 ml. The resulting uterine culture of chlorella is introduced into the production unit in an amount of 20% of its total volume. The initial cell density in the suspension of the production plant is about 10 million in 1 ml. In the first cycle of the production plant, an increase in cell density occurs in two days to 60-70 million cells in 1 ml. After that, 80% of the obtained commodity suspension is used for its intended purpose (i.e., to obtain a hydroponic solution), and 20% is again added to the production unit and used as a uterine culture in the second cycle of its operation.

The use of a suspension of Chlorella Vulgaris, with a density of 60-70 million cells / ml, is due to the high rates of germination energy and seed germination. In addition, the suspension of Chlorella Vulgaris contains a wide range of physiologically active substances: indole (auxins), vitamins, steroids, gibberellin-like substances, phenolic compounds and cytokinins. It was established that these substances are regulators of plant growth and development. The use of a suspension of Chlorella Vulgaris as a ingredient in a hydroponic solution leads to the fact that the plants receive essential nutrients and growth stimulants. In addition, Chlorella Vulgaris, possessing high bactericidal properties and acting as a biotic, simultaneously suppresses pathogenic microflora and fills useful.

The resulting hydroponic solution from the tank for preparing the finished solution 54 is fed into the greenhouses of the greenhouse complex 39 to moisten the substrate by feeding into the zone of the root system and spraying the plants (not shown in the illustration). Spraying plants (foliar feeding method) can begin to be carried out in the seedling phase or after 14 days in case of plant transplantation. Spraying of plants is carried out with an interval of 14 to 28 days, starting from the seedling phase and throughout the fruiting. The temperature of the hydroponic solution supplied to the greenhouse is maintained in the range of 20 to 26 ° C. Mineral wool (in the form of cubes) or vermiculite can be used as a substrate. Trays 38 may simply be filled with a substrate or may contain perforated vessels filled with a substrate.

At certain intervals, the solution is removed from the greenhouses and poured into the receiving tank 55, and from there it is returned through the storage tank 56 to the container for receiving the finished solution 54. After adjusting the solution (depending on the pH or phase of plant development), it can be reused by circulation. When an imbalance of proportions of nutrients occurs in a solution, it is corrected or removed and replaced with a fresh or other solution. To reduce salinity, the substrate is washed from time to time with water.

Illumination in the greenhouses of the greenhouse complex 39 is provided by greenhouse irradiators. For the effective implementation of the photosynthesis process, the illumination should be in the range from 40,000 to 140,000 Lm. Humidity in greenhouses is 60-85%. The air temperature during the day is maintained from 24 to 25 ° C, the air temperature at night is about 15 ° C. Greenhouses are heated using infrared electric heaters.

Claims (8)

1. A method of stimulating the development, growth and productivity of plants in pallets on racks of hydroponic plants of the greenhouse complex, including the creation of light and climatic regimes in the greenhouses of the greenhouse complex, planting plant seeds on a substrate, picking, sorting out seedlings, caring for plants, and harvesting, during the whole process of plant cultivation, the substrate is moistened with a hydroponic solution consisting of a mixture of a 4-day suspension of green algae Chlorella vulgaris with a density of 60-70 million cells / ml, saturated th oxygen-containing gas with a solution of inorganic substances by spraying the plants and the direct feed to the zone of the root system, furthermore, the ratio of components in the hydroponic solution, and the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of the solution of inorganic substances is adjusted throughout the growing season. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that prior to the seedling phase, the substrate is moistened with a hydroponic solution consisting of a mixture of a 4-day suspension of green algae Chlorella vulgaris with a density of 60-70 million cells / ml, with a solution of inorganic substances saturated with an oxygen-containing gas in a ratio of 1 : 1, and in the phase of growth, flowering and fruiting, moisturize with a hydroponic solution consisting of a mixture of a 4-day suspension of green algae Chlorella vulgaris with a density of 60-70 million cells / ml, with a solution of inorganic substances saturated with an oxygen-containing gas in the ratio from 1: 1 to 1:20, and the plants are sprayed with a hydroponic solution, consisting of a mixture of a 4-day suspension of green algae Chlorella vulgaris with a density of 60-70 million cells / ml, with a solution of inorganic substances saturated with an oxygen-containing gas in a ratio of 1: 2 to 1:10. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the solution of Chesnokov V.A. is used as a solution of inorganic substances. and Bazyrina E.N. 4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the Knop solution is used as a solution of inorganic substances. 5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that as a solution of inorganic substances using a solution of Hoagland and Arnon. 6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that as a solution of inorganic substances using a solution of Geriche. 7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that a solution of the University of California is used as a solution of inorganic substances. 8. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the solution of the Experimental Station in New Jersey is used as a solution of inorganic substances.