RU2774079C1 - Method for increasing the yield of spring rapeseed - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and is intended to increase the yield in oilseeds, in particular spring rapeseed. The method for increasing the yield of spring rapeseed includes the treatment of vegetating plants in the early budding phase with a complex growth regulator drug Setar at a dose of 0.5 l/ha.

EFFECT: proposed method for increasing the yield of spring rapeseed provides a reduction in the infestation of plants with alternaria blotch, an increase in plant height by 8.3-11.3%, the number of pods on the plant by 17.0-31.5%, leaf surface area by 10.2-15.6%, an increase in yield overall by 4.5%, an increase in seed oil content by 1.5-1.8% in comparison with untreated plants.

1 cl, 6 tbl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and is intended to increase the yield in the kernels of oilseeds, in particular rapeseed.

The experimental agrotechnological station of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education RSATU conducted tests of the registration agrochemical (preparation) Setar on spring rapeseed.

Rapeseed is a long daylight plant, sensitive to its longitude. Increasing day length (more than 14 hours) leads to an acceleration of the passage of phenological phases, the formation of a smaller amount of vegetative mass and, as a result, a reduction in yield potential.

The best soils for rapeseed are fertile with a heavy mechanical composition. The main predecessors in Russia are grain crops. To avoid the accumulation of pathogens, pests and seeds of cruciferous weeds, it is necessary to maintain a phytosanitary pause. In the crop rotation, the proportion of rapeseed and diseased rapeseed crops (mustard, oilseed radish, colza, etc.) should not exceed 25%. This means that the cultivation of these crops on the same site is possible no more than in three to four years. Of course, the best precursor for rapeseed, as for many other crops, is clean fallow.

High-quality eating of rapeseed is the main method of agricultural technology, during which the future harvest is laid.

Among the means aimed at increasing the productivity of agricultural crops, testing of new agrochemicals (preparations) is very promising, for example, Setar on spring rapeseed, consisting of a fungicide and a plant growth regulator (below, the characteristics of the drug will be given). When this stimulant is applied to vegetative plants, sometimes in very small doses, they are able to strongly influence the physiological processes of plant growth and development. This can manifest itself in an increase in yield, in resistance to plant diseases (Use of growth regulators in crop production. Handbook. Kmshinev. Shtinitsa, 1981, p. 8; Muromantsev G.S., Agnistova V.N. Growth hormones-gibberellins. - M. : Nauka, 1973, p. 254; L. D. Nickell. Plant growth regulators - application in agriculture - M.: Kolos, 1984, p. 192; Author's certificate SU No. 1600653, A01G 31/00, 1990).

A known method for increasing the yield of sunflower, involving the treatment of vegetative plants, 2,4,5 - tetrachloro-3-(N-benzyl) - pyridinecarbamide in the amount of 200 g/ha (Patent RU No. 2298322, A01N 43/40, A01P 21/00 from May 10, 2007). The proposed method allows the seed germination to influence the growth-regulating activity and provides an increase in sunflower yield. The disadvantage of this method is that the effect is limited by the activity of increasing the length of the stem and root of seeds on germination, without a clear impact on the further development of plants and their yield.

A known method of growing spring rape for fodder, including the preparation of soil and seeds, sowing, caring for crops and harvesting. Sowing seeds is carried out during the period of mass development of cruciferous weeds and the death of the first wave of overwintered cruciferous fleas Phyllotreta SPP (Patent RU No. 2244415, A01G 1/00, A01B 79/00 dated 01/20/2005). The proposed method was carried out for the Sverdlovsk region and was mainly considered for the stable cultivation of spring rapeseed as a semi-mowing crop in a fodder crop rotation without the use of chemical plant protection products when sowing rapeseed at the specified time and for the proposed tillage, as obtaining fodder and long vegetation on the field.

Known preparations of fungicidal and growth-regulating agents for cereals using N'-methyl-1-phenyl-1-N, N-diethylamino methanesulfonamides as a fungicidal agent for spraying crops of cereal crops during the growing season (Patent RU No. 2117658, C07C 21/ 24, A01N 33/04 and other classes dated 08.20.1998; Patent RU No. 2272619, A61K 31/18, А61Р 31/12, А61Р 37/04, С07С 311/32 dated 03.27.2006; Patent RU No. 2314689, A01N 41/06, А01Р 3/00, А01Р 21/00 dated 01/20/2008; Patent RU No. 2319691, С07С 31/32, A01N 4/06 dated 03/20/2008). However, data on the growth-regulatory activity of drugs refer to cereals and there are no studies on the use of the new drug Setar in relation to spring rapeseed, as to the issues: the duration of the interphase period of flowering and seed formation, using registration tests of a new fungicide and a growth regulator of the drug Setar, as well as its ability to reduce the damage to plants by Alternaria spotting, depending on the dose of the drug. The use of the new drug Setar in the budding phase of the crop as a whole before harvesting, respectively, yields, which is also associated with the rate of consumption of the drug and an increase in the oil content of seeds. Thus, the registration trials of the proposed drug will allow recommending (agrochemical) Setar to reduce the damage of plants with aalteriaria spot and increase the productivity of spring rapeseed and the quality of its seeds with a given dose of the drug in the budding phase.

Characteristics of the drug Setar: Registered LLC "Ingenta", Moscow (info-russia@syngenta.com); manufacturer Syngenta Crop Leaky Montey ES Hey. Switzerland Route de Lille au Bois, p/o 1870, Monteuil; composition of the active substance: difenoconazole - 250 g / l + paclobutrazol - 125 g / l (suspension concentration - SC); chemical class: difenconazole - triazoles and paclobutrazol - triazoles.

Thus, it is a two-component preparation consisting of a fungicide and a plant growth regulator. Difenocozol is a fungicide that is effective against most pathogens, including phomosis, Altenariosis, snow mold, sclerotinia, and powdery mildew. Palobutrazol - inhibits the biosynthesis of gibberellins in the early stages of development, inhibiting cell division and vegetative growth, promotes the influx of assimilants, which activates the formation of flower buds, fruits, etc. At the same time, vegetative growth is reduced due to a decrease in the length of internodes and a thickening of the base of the stem. The task is to establish the biological effectiveness of the drug Setar on spring rapeseed.

Thus, in the list of approved drugs, it requires registration tests on gray forest heavy loamy soils, for example, in the Ryazan region, the main agronomic and agrophysical indicators of soil fertility are reflected by us below in the description of the application for the invention.

Closest to the claimed method analogue (prototype) is a method of stimulating the growth and development of oilseeds, including the treatment of vegetative plants with an aqueous solution of a growth regulator. As a growth regulator, the Silk preparation is used, which is a natural amount of triterpene acids isolated from fir, and the treatment is carried out once or twice during the growing season at a dose of 1.0-10.0 g/ha according to the active substance (Patent RU No. 2121272, A01N 65/00 dated 11/10/1998).

However, the mechanism of action of systemic fungicides and the problem of resistance to them by the main pathogens of plants (Resistance of harmful organisms to pesticides. Materials of the symposium - St. new fungicides that are not related to triterpanic acids.

The objective of the invention is to expand the arsenal of the proposed registration agents that have fungicidal and growth regulators, used when spraying crops of spring rape during the growing season, showing activity against the phase of the beginning of budding, to which there is no resistance to the main pathogens of plant diseases, and not showing toxicological effects on oilseeds. crops.

The technical result of the invention is the fungicidal and regulatory action of the registration agrochemical (preparation) Setar in relation to, representing the treatment once in the phase of the beginning of budding on spring rapeseed.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method for increasing the yield of spring rapeseed, including the treatment of a vegetative plant with a growth regulator, according to the invention, the drug Setar is used as a growth regulator, which is a specialized systemic fungicide and growth regulator, providing for treatment once in the phase of the beginning of budding at a dose of 0.5 l/ha.

Setar is a highly effective retardant for rapeseed with a maximum fungicidal effect. It contains two active ingredients - a powerful retardant and a highly effective fungicide with the following features:

- provides simultaneity of blossoming and maturing;

- reliably protects rapeseed from phomosis, powdery mildew, cylindrosporiosis and other major diseases noted above;

- increases productivity;

- protects crops from lodging.

Country of origin - Switzerland. Setar is a specialized systemic fungicide and growth regulator designed to increase the yield of rapeseed through disease control, growth regulation and physiological action and is relatively versatile.

Rapeseed is grown according to the technology (terms and density of crops, terms and methods, etc.) that are traditional for the region of the Ryazan region.

Studies to assess the fungicidal activity of the Setar preparation were carried out in 2020 on the basis of the Experimental Agrotechnological Station of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education RSATU, located in the southwestern part of the Ryazan Region, when spraying spring rapeseed crops during the field vegetation period, it was shown on the Ratnik variety.

Variety Ratnik: Pedigree: F ₁ (Global × S _h - 150-87) × F ₁ (S _h - 110-87 × Global). The bush is semi-closed, plant height is 84-119 cm. The stem without attachment of lower leaves is 42.6 cm. The average number of branches of the first order is 3-5. The leaf is dark green, medium dissected, the omission is medium. Inflorescence cystic. The flower is golden yellow. Pod without anthocyanin, hairless. The valves are straight, slightly tuberculate. Seeds are round, black. Weight of 1000 seeds 3.4-4.7 g.

Variety Ratnik - mid-season, vegetation period 94-112 days. It is characterized by a high degree of adaptation to the agro-climatic conditions of the regions of the European part of Russia and Siberia. The Ratnik variety is below average affected by Alternaria and downy mildew, moderately resistant to Fusarium. Moderately damaged by fleas. Resistance to lodging and seed shedding is high (Spring rapeseed "Warrior": http://vniirapsa.ru/production/sorta-rapsa/raps-yarovoj-ratnik.html).

The weather conditions at the beginning of the growing season were favorable for field work to prepare the soil for sowing small-seeded crops.

Characterizing the weather conditions of the Ryazan region during the growing season of 2020 are shown (Fig. 1). However, in April 2020, the air temperature was 1.9°C below the climatic norm, while precipitation fell unevenly, with the largest amount falling in the second decade of the month. In general, the amount of precipitation was slightly below the norm.

At the same time, the regime of the beginning of May was with abundant precipitation, which created favorable conditions for holding friendly seedlings of crops. In the second half of May, the temperature indicators were below the norm by 2.2-2.6°C, and the amount of precipitation in the third decade exceeded the norm by 1.5 times, which partially slowed down the intensity of the development of the crop.

The temperature regime of June was within the limits close to the values of the average monthly norm, while in the first and third ten days of the month there was heavy precipitation in the form of local heavy rains. In the second decade of June, an increase in temperature was observed, which, against the background of a decrease in atmospheric humidity, created favorable conditions for the development of pests that damage spring rapeseed seedlings.

The weather conditions in July were close to the long-term average values. At the beginning of the month, heavy rains and elevated temperatures were observed. Since mid-July, the amount of precipitation has decreased sharply and there has been a decrease in temperature.

In August, there was also a decrease in air temperature compared to long-term values. Precipitation fell unevenly, mainly in the second decade of August.

The weather conditions of the third decade of August were favorable for harvesting.

Conclusion: the meteorological conditions of the growing season in 2020 were marked by significant fluctuations in air temperature and uneven precipitation. However, in general, the weather conditions of the growing season were satisfactory for the growth and development of spring rapeseed.

Field work on the experimental plot was carried out taking into account the weather conditions and crop requirements. The total area of the plot is 50 m ² , accounting 25 m ² .

The field experiment on the registration test of the agrochemical (preparation) Setar was planted on spring rapeseed crops. The scheme of experiments included four options, the repetition in the experiment was four times, the placement of plots was sequential.

The predecessor for spring rapeseed is winter wheat.

For sowing, seeds of spring rapeseed of the Ratnik variety were used, meeting the requirements of the 1st class of the sowing standard.

Experimental sowings of rapeseed at the agrotechnical experimental station of the FGBOU VO RSATU are shown (Fig. 2). As can be seen from Figure 1, the process of growth and development of spring rapeseed is proceeding satisfactorily.

Registration trials of the drug Setar on spring rapeseed were carried out on gray forest heavy loamy soils. The main agrochemical and agrophysical indicators of soil fertility in the 0-30 cm layer (in the layer of the main rooting) are presented in Table 1.

An agrochemical analysis of the soil of the experimental plot, carried out in 2019, showed that the content of organic matter in the soil was 2.86%. The supply of these soils with mobile compounds of phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) in the plow horizon, respectively, is high (327 mg/kg)) and very high (263 mg/kg). The reaction of the soil solution is slightly acidic. The results are presented in table 2.

The data in table 2 show that in the upper layer of the arable horizon, the number of water-stable aggregates was 22.9%, and the equilibrium density was at the level of 1.45 g/cm ² . Down the horizon, the agrophysical indicators of fertility increased, which corresponds to the fertility model of gray forest soil of medium fertility.

The field experiment on the registration test of the drug Setar was laid on the crops of spring rapeseed, the scheme of which included four options in four repetitions:

1. Control without processing.

2. Setar. Spraying of plants: in the phase of the beginning of budding, the consumption of the drug is 0.3 l/ha, the consumption of the working solution is 300 l/ha.

3. Setar. Spraying of plants: in the phase of the beginning of budding, the consumption of the drug is 0.4 l/ha, the consumption of the working solution is 300 l/ha.

4. Setar. Spraying of plants: in the phase of the beginning of budding, the consumption of the drug is 0.5 l/ha, the consumption of the working solution is 300 l/ha.

The main tillage consisted of the following operations: disking MT 31221 + BDT-7 in the second decade of August, autumn plowing MT 31221 + PLN 5-35, August 28. Next, early spring harrowing BZTS-1.0 was carried out to cover soil moisture and cultivation of MTZ 1221 + KPE-3.8 to a depth of 10-12 cm. The sowing of the culture was carried out at a depth of 10-12 cm, in a continuous row method, with a selective mounted pneumatic seeder SSNP-16. Sowing time is the first decade of May. The seeding rate was 2.5 million units/ha.

After sowing, ZKKSH-6 was rolled on all variants. All agrotechnical methods were carried out in optimal terms.

In the process of growth and development, spring rapeseed undergoes a successive change of interconnected phases of ontogenosis, the onset of which is determined by the formological characteristics of plants. In spring rapeseed, the following phases are distinguished: shoots - formation of a leaf rosette - formation of a stem - branching of a stem - budding - flowering - formation of seeds - ripening of seeds. Harvesting is carried out in the phase of full ripeness with a combine. Data on the development phases of spring rapeseed are presented in Table 3.

As follows from Table. 3, as a result, it was found that the onset of the development phases of spring rape according to the variants of the experiments occurred unequally only from the moment the Setar preparation was used.

Example. Seedlings of culture in all variants of the experiment appeared six days after sowing. The phase of formation of a leaf rosette in spring rapeseed was observed on June 5 in the experiment. Stem formation was observed on June 21, and stem branching was observed on June 30.

At the onset of the phase of the beginning of budding (July 6), the plants were sprayed with a solution of the studied preparation in accordance with the experimental scheme.

The ongoing observations of the further development of plants showed that the use of various doses of the drug Setar led to an extension of the interphase period flowering - seed formation compared to the control from 3 to 5 days, while a longer duration of this period was observed with an increase in the dosage of the drug to 0.5 l / ha. Due to this, there was a shift in the dates of the onset of subsequent phases of cultural development.

The time of the beginning of seed maturation in pods was the earliest in the control variant. On variants with the use of various doses of the drug Setar, this period came on average 3-6 days later.

The harvesting of the culture on the experimental plots was started when the seeds reached full ripeness in 85% of the pods on the plants.

During the period of monitoring the development of plants, the fact of the possible development of pests and diseases was also noted.

During the growing season, such pests as the cruciferous flea, rapeseed beetle, and cabbage moth were observed.

The weather conditions did not contribute to the significant development of these pests, however, during periods with high daytime temperatures and a slight moisture deficit in the 2nd decade of June and July, their harmfulness increased.

During the registration of diseases on the control variant, a small percentage of spring rapeseed plants affected by Alternaria leaf spot was found. Signs of the disease were observed in the flowering phase of the culture on the lower leaves in the form of single spots.

The development of the disease was 0.5-1.2% with a prevalence of 14.7%. On variants with the use of the drug Setar, the development of diseases was not detected. There were no significant differences in the effectiveness of reducing the development of the disease depending on the dosage of the drug.

Elements of the yield structure of spring rapeseed showed the effectiveness of using the test preparation in different doses (Table 4).

The Setar preparation contributed to an increase in the number of plants surviving to harvest compared to the variant without treatment. On the control, 193.6 pcs/m ² were observed, while on the variants with the use of different doses of the drug, the number of plants increased within 7.0-18.6 pcs/m ² .

It was found that the use of the drug Setar in the budding phase of the culture also led, compared with the control, to an increase in plant height by 8.3-11.3%, the number of pods per plant by 17.0-31.5%, leaf surface area by 10, 2-15.6%, respectively, with increasing dose.

The drug Setar contributed to the increase in the size of the seeds. In the variant without treatment, the weight of 1000 seeds was 3.3 g. l/ha, there was also an increase in seed size up to 4.1 g.

Thus, it was found that the greatest importance in the formation of the spring rapeseed yield, when using various doses of the studied preparation, was a decrease in the development of the incidence of plants with Alternaria spotting, an increase in the safety of plants for harvesting, the development of plant biomass, an increase in the number of pods and the mass of 1000 seeds. Yield data obtained during registration tests of the fungicide with the function of plant growth regulator Setar show a positive effect of the use of various doses of this drug on the yield of spring rapeseed (Table 5).

The analysis of yield data shows that the treatment of spring rapeseed plants during its growth period contributed to an increase in plant productivity. In the control variant, the rapeseed yield was 22.3 q/ha. The highest crop yield was noted in the variant with the use of an increased dose of the drug 0.5 l/ha, it amounted to 23.3 centners/ha. The increase in this variant compared to the control was 4.5%, which is significant when HCP ₀₅ =1.08 c/ha.

The quality indicators of spring rape seeds are presented in Table 6.

According to Table 6, we can conclude that the use of the study drug during the growing season of the crop contributed not only to an increase in crop yield, but also to an increase in seed quality. Thus, in experimental variants, depending on the rate of consumption of the drug, an increase in the oil content of seeds by 1.5-1.8% is observed compared to the control variant.

The maximum yield and high quality of seeds were obtained in the variant with an increased dosage of the drug.

Thus, the results of registration tests of the fungicide and growth regulator Setar in different doses on spring rapeseed are effective and expand the arsenal of new drugs used for these purposes when spraying spring rape, which has fungicidal and growth-regulating properties.

Claims (1)

A method for increasing the yield of spring rapeseed, including the treatment of vegetative plants with a growth regulator, characterized in that the preparation Setar is used as a growth regulator, which is a specialized systemic fungicide and growth regulator, providing for a single treatment in the budding start phase at a preparation dose of 0.5 l/ha.

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