CN111903444A - Production method of organic hemp - Google Patents
Production method of organic hemp Download PDFInfo
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- CN111903444A CN111903444A CN202010773169.6A CN202010773169A CN111903444A CN 111903444 A CN111903444 A CN 111903444A CN 202010773169 A CN202010773169 A CN 202010773169A CN 111903444 A CN111903444 A CN 111903444A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a production method of organic hemp. Firstly, screening seeds and then performing sun-seeding disinfection on the seeds; then selecting and plowing the selected land, selecting stubbles, plowing and harrowing; applying organic fertilizer; then sowing, and then performing field management and pest control; and finally harvesting. The initial germination rate of the seeds is ensured through the purity and the cleanliness of the seeds, and the seeds are sowed horizontally by adopting a 32-row or 48-row seeder, wherein the row spacing is 12.5-25 cm, and the sowing depth is 2-3 cm; better growth can be ensured. After sowing, the seeds are pressed in time, so that the stability of the seeds can be ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a production method of organic hemp.
Background
China hemp, also called hemp, is an ancient hemp crop, is reputed as a national spinning source, and is a fiber with high limit, only a small amount of water and fertilizer are needed in the growth process, no pesticide is needed, and the hemp can be naturally decomposed, so that the hemp is an environment-friendly crop. The utilization rate of the hemp is higher and higher at present, and the hemp can not meet the market requirement only by self growth, so a professional planting method is needed to meet the market requirement, and the production capacity is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a production method of organic hemp.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention mainly provides the following technical scheme:
a production method of organic hemp comprises the following steps:
s1 screening seeds and then sunning and disinfecting the seeds;
s2, selecting land, selecting stubbles, preparing soil, turning up the land and harrowing the land;
s3 fertilization: the base fertilizer accounts for 85-90% of the total fertilizer amount, and 35t/hm of organic fertilizer is applied2Deeply applying the seeds at a position 6cm-8cm below the seeds;
s4, applying organic fertilizer: putting the mixture into soil of 10-15 cm, mainly using organic fertilizer, and applying more than 1500kg of decomposed harmless high-quality organic fertilizer per mu;
s5 sowing: the sowing method adopts a 32-row or 48-row sowing machine for flat sowing, the row spacing is 12.5cm-25cm, and the sowing depth is 2-3 cm; seeding amount: 380-420 thousands of seedlings are protected per hectare, and the seeding rate per hectare is 140-150 kg;
s6, field management and pest control;
and S7 harvesting.
The sowing is to ensure that the temperature of soil on a sowing layer stably passes through 7' DEG C-8 ℃, namely, the sowing is in a proper period, generally about 4 months and 10 days, and cannot exceed 5 months and 10 days at the latest.
But the soil water content is few when sowing deeply, nevertheless the depth of sowing should not exceed 4cm, and the soil moisture is sufficient or the heavy plot of soil viscosity can delay 1 ~ 2 days and sow, and the timely suppression prevents to leak out after the seeding.
And pressing in time after sowing.
The harvesting is the harvesting in the mature period, and the mature period is as follows: pollen of male plants in the kenaf field is scattered completely, the plants become light yellow, and leaves become yellow and are not completely shed. Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: the product has natural functions of sterilization and bacteriostasis, soil improvement, safety, no pollution, heat resistance, sun resistance and the like. The technology carries out a plurality of strict control and implementation procedures from seed selection and screening to seeding, fertilizing and the like, and if the seed selection is carried out, the selected grains are full and uniform in size, and the selection is preferably carried out. The initial germination rate of the seeds is ensured through the purity and the cleanliness of the seeds, and the seeds are sowed horizontally by adopting a 32-row, 48-row or 64-row seeder, wherein the row spacing is 12.5-25 cm, and the sowing depth is 2-3 cm; better growth can be ensured. After sowing, the seeds are pressed in time, so that the stability of the seeds can be ensured.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
Screening seeds and seed treatment
The purity of the seeds is more than or equal to 98 percent, the purity is more than or equal to 96 percent, and the germination rate is more than or equal to 92 percent; seeds with uniform seed size, full grains, high thousand seed weight and bright color are selected and sowed separately. Screening seeds, removing impurities, tender seeds and shriveled grains in the seeds, classifying the seeds with different sizes, bagging,
seed sunning and disinfection: and 3, planting seeds in the sun for 4-5 days before sowing, promoting seed germination and killing germs.
Medicament seed dressing: before sowing, 0.75kg of 10% Jia box with 0.3% of seed amount (the substance is not found, please give a purchasing manufacturer) and 0.9kg of 48% Dyson strange zinc and 1.0kg of 75% carbofuran are used for dressing seeds (or 1.2kg of 15% carbendazim 1.0kx, 75% carbofuran 1.0kg and 10% Niumei double (the substance is not found, please give a purchasing manufacturer) to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests.
Selecting land: the land should be selected from plain river and flat hillock with deep soil layer, loose structure, rich soil, low underground water level, convenient irrigation and drainage, and strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, and the pH value of the soil is preferably neutral and slightly alkaline. Too long a residual herbicide should not be selected for use within 3 years such as: organic hemp is planted in plots of Weicao tobaccos (Pusht), urinals (claim pan long, unculilon), clomazone (clomazone), vamisonide (broadleaf), and saxocypress (fraxidin and fraxidin).
Selecting stubbles: 4 years of reasonable rotation should be carried out, and continuous cropping or planting organic hemp is forbidden. On the basis of reasonable rotation, crops for rotation such as corn, soybean and vegetables are selected, and the previous crops are prepared in time after being harvested, so that the soil fully receives rainwater to cure the soil, and the effects of storing water, preserving soil moisture and improving soil fertility are obvious.
Land preparation: the land prepared in autumn is harrowed by a light harrow when the soil is thawed by 10cm to reach a state to be sown, and the land prepared in spring is harrowed by stubble cleaning, harrowing and other measures when the soil is thawed by 15cm to reach the state to be sown.
Turning over the soil: the ploughing depth of the ploughing land in the summer and the autumn is 18-20 cn, the ploughing depth is consistent, and the error is lcm. The ploughing is neat and tight, no heavy ploughing, no missing ploughing, no fort, no vertical cushion and consistent ploughing width. The ground surface is flat, and within 10m of length, the flatness of the ground surface is less than or equal to 15 cm. The ridge is ploughed straight, and the straightness error of one hundred meters is not more than 15 cm.
Harrowing: the opposite angle is raked once again, the rake depth is 12-15 cn, and the error is soil lcm. And then the soil is finely crushed by a light rake (with a scooper). The harrows are not leaked, the harrows are not dragged, the rear ground surface is leveled, the furrows and the ridge platforms have no obvious difference, the vertical direction is on the ground with the width of 4m, the height difference is not more than 3cm., and the rear ground surface is timely pressed to prevent soil moisture leakage except for the land blocks with overlarge soil water content. The pressure leakage and the pile dragging are avoided.
Land preparation quality: after the soil preparation operation, the soil should reach the upper deficiency and the lower excess, the land is flat, the surface soil has no big soil blocks, the plough layer has no underground river, and the soil blocks with the diameter of 3-4 cm per square meter should not exceed 5.
Fertilizing: according to the hemp growth fertilizer requirement rule, the soil nutrient condition and the fertilizer effect, a soil test is carried out, a corresponding fertilizing amount and a fertilizing method are determined by combining target yield, balanced fertilization is carried out according to the principle that organic matters and inorganic matters are combined and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements are matched, decomposed organic fertilizer (2 tons of human excrement or poultry excrement, 0.5 ton of straw powder or leaf powder, 3 kilograms of corn bran, 0.3 percent of broken bone, 0.5 percent of bean, 0.4 percent of vegetable leaf, 0.7 percent of plant ash, 0.6 percent of melon and fruit peel, 0.1 percent of ferrous sulfate and 1.5 kilograms of strain quick fermentation fungicide are selected as the organic fertilizer, and the process comprises the steps of applying human excrement, poultry excrement, leaf or straw powder, bran, broken bone, bean, leaf, plant ash, melon and fruit peel, ferrous sulfate and strain together with cultivated land, stirring → composting → airing), and the organic fertilizer and soil are applied together in autumn, so that the fertilizer and the soil are fully and uniformly mixed. The base fertilizer accounts for 85-90% of the total fertilizer amount, and is generally applied with 35t/hm2 of organic fertilizer and deeply applied at the position 6-8 cm below the seeds.
Applying organic fertilizer: putting the mixture into soil of 10-15 cm. Mainly organic fertilizers are applied to each mu of land, and more than 1500kg of decomposed harmless high-quality organic fertilizers are applied to each mu of land. Organic fertilizer spreading and soil preparation combined rake
Sowing: the temperature of the soil in the sowing layer is stabilized to pass 7' DEG C-8 ℃, namely the soil enters the sowing proper period, generally about 4 months and 10 days, and cannot exceed 5 months and 10 days at the latest.
The sowing method comprises the following steps: the row spacing of the horizontal sowing is 12.5cm-25cm by adopting a 32-row or 48-row sowing machine, and the sowing depth is 2-3 cm. When the water content of the soil is low, the soil can be deeply sowed, but the sowing depth is not more than 4cm, and the soil is compacted in time after sowing. The land parcel with sufficient soil moisture or heavy soil can delay 1-2 days for seeding, and the land parcel is pressed in time after seeding to prevent air leakage.
Seeding amount: 380-420 thousands of seedlings are protected per hectare, the seeding rate of 140-150 kg per hectare is, and the seedling-protecting seedlings belong to close-planting crops.
Sowing quality: the uniform operation, the continuous operation of seeding, earthing and pressing, no reseeding, no seeding missing, consistent depth and tight earthing.
Field management: after the organic hemp seedlings emerge, field general investigation is carried out in time to investigate the damage conditions of diseases, weeds, insect pests and the herbicide. Especially, the harm of the herbicide of the previous crop is found to be adjusted by spraying foliar fertilizer and cytokinin in time. (investigation by a specially-assigned person is required within 20 days after emergence).
Disease: for diseases such as gray mold, stalk rot and the like, seeds are dressed by using 0.3 percent of metalaxyl, 48 percent of mancozeb and 75 percent of carbofuran compound agent (or 15 percent of carbendazim, 75 percent of carbofuran and 10 percent of orange dual) by weight of the seeds, and other hemp diseases are prevented and controlled by spraying in time at the early stage of the disease occurrence according to the disease condition and climatic conditions to inhibit the disease prevalence.
Insect pest: besides dressing seeds with pesticide, the seedling-stage pests of flea beetle and weevil, etc. can be controlled by using pesticide. The damage of armyworm and meadow snail during growth period can be prevented by spraying pyrethrin pesticide such as cypermethrin, deltamethrin, etc. The control period is 2-3 years old.
Harvesting in a proper period:
the organic hemp is harvested at the process mature period. The process maturity stage mark: pollen of male plants in the ramie field is scattered completely, the plants become light yellow, and leaves become yellow and are not completely shed; the seeds at the base of the catkin of the cinnamon plant are in the mature period, and leaves at the base of the cinnamon plant turn brown and begin to fall off. It is also important to see if the fibrilia has tensile, tenacity and strength and spinnability. The harvesting period is about 8 months and 10 days, and the harvesting is preferably completed in one week.
The harvesting method comprises the following steps: the hemp is harvested by a special cutting and drying machine, and the cutting and drying machine with the length of 1.8-2.2 m is used, so that the hemp is required to be laid in ridges and lines, the stubble openings are uniform in height and uniform in thickness.
And (3) airing: the laid hemp stems are naturally aired generally for about 7 days to remove self-moisture.
Retting: the flax stalk after sunning will be through light rain, temperature, humidity about through 15 ~ 20 days natural retting, if the weather does not rainfall in retting the process, just will prepare the spray truck and spray water every day, and the amount of spraying water can be controlled according to the aridity of flax stalk and the colour of retting until the flax stalk becomes silver grey gradually.
Bundling the ramie: the bale size is preferably 30cm in diameter.
Storage: after being harvested, the special cutting and drying machine for hemp is laid in a hemp field for rain and dew retting, the hemp is bound when the moisture reaches safe moisture after the retting is finished, and a pile of hemp is erected in the hemp field after 20-40 bundles of hemp are bound, or the hemp is transported to a processing plant for piling, storing and processing.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and the present invention shall be covered thereby. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The production method of the organic hemp is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 screening seeds and then sunning and disinfecting the seeds;
s2, selecting land, selecting stubbles, preparing soil, turning up the land and harrowing the land;
s3 fertilization: the base fertilizer accounts for 85-90% of the total fertilizer amount, and 35t/hm of organic fertilizer is applied2Deeply applying the seeds at a position 6cm-8cm below the seeds;
s4, applying organic fertilizer: putting the mixture into soil of 10-15 cm, mainly using organic fertilizer, and applying more than 1500kg of decomposed harmless high-quality organic fertilizer per mu;
s5 sowing: the sowing method adopts a 32-row or 48-row sowing machine for flat sowing, the row spacing is 12.5cm-25cm, and the sowing depth is 2-3 cm; seeding amount: 380-420 thousands of seedlings are protected per hectare, and the seeding rate per hectare is 140-150 kg;
s6, field management and pest control;
and S7 harvesting.
2. The method for producing organic hemp according to claim 1, wherein: the sowing is to ensure that the temperature of soil on a sowing layer stably passes through 7' DEG C-8 ℃, namely, the sowing is in a proper period, generally about 4 months and 10 days, and cannot exceed 5 months and 10 days at the latest.
3. The method for producing organic hemp according to claim 1, wherein: but the soil water content is few when sowing deeply, nevertheless the depth of sowing should not exceed 4cm, and the soil moisture is sufficient or the heavy plot of soil viscosity can delay 1 ~ 2 days and sow, and the timely suppression prevents to leak out after the seeding.
4. The method for producing organic hemp according to claim 1, wherein: and pressing in time after sowing.
5. The method for producing organic hemp according to claim 1, wherein: the harvesting is the harvesting in the mature period, and the mature period is as follows: pollen of male plants in the kenaf field is scattered completely, the plants become light yellow, and leaves become yellow and are not completely shed.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010773169.6A CN111903444A (en) | 2020-08-04 | 2020-08-04 | Production method of organic hemp |
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| CN202010773169.6A CN111903444A (en) | 2020-08-04 | 2020-08-04 | Production method of organic hemp |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2806823C1 (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2023-11-07 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Прикаспийский аграрный федеральный научный центр Российской академии наук" | Method of cultivating industrial hemp under irrigation in arid zone of north-western caspian sea region |
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| CN104604502A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-13 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Cultivating method for cannabis sativa L. for southern plain autumn sowing seed use |
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- 2020-08-04 CN CN202010773169.6A patent/CN111903444A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104604502A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-13 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Cultivating method for cannabis sativa L. for southern plain autumn sowing seed use |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2806823C1 (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2023-11-07 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Прикаспийский аграрный федеральный научный центр Российской академии наук" | Method of cultivating industrial hemp under irrigation in arid zone of north-western caspian sea region |
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