RU2461180C1 - Method of increasing adaptive potential of vegetables - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and horticulture. The method consists in increasing the stability of vegetable crops to low temperatures and water shortages through a three-time processing of plants with an aqueous solution of sodium selenite with a salt concentration of 0.35·10^-3 to 1.04·10^-3 g/l. At that the first irrigation is carried out at the phase of germination, the second - at the phase of growing the vegetative mass, the third - at the initial phase of fruiting at the liquid flow rate at the first watering of 1000 litres / ha, at the second and third - 5000 l / ha.

EFFECT: method increases plant stress resistance and increases the yield of vegetable crops.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to increase the adaptive potential of vegetable crops, in particular, tomatoes and cucumbers.

Currently, one of the directions of growing crops is the development of methods not only to increase the yield of the latter, but also to increase their resistance to stress factors (extreme temperatures, drought, various diseases, salinization of soils, etc.) (see. Method for regulating the growth and development of vegetables of cultures, Patent RF №2224414, IPC A01G 7/00, publ. 02.27.04).

There are many ways to stimulate flowering and fruit formation in vegetables using various natural and synthetic growth regulators (arachidonic acid, steroid glycosides, humic, gibberelinic and triterpenic acids, vitamin complexes, and many others) (see the List of Pesticides and Agrochemicals Allowed for Use on the territory of the Russian Federation. Supplement to the journal "Protection and paintings of plants." - M .: Kolos, 2001).

However, there are very few ways to increase plant resistance to stress factors (low temperatures, water scarcity). So, in particular, a method is known that includes autumn main and spring pre-sowing tillage, pre-sowing treatment of flax seeds, sowing with high-quality seeds, crop care and harvesting (see. Method for growing flax flax. Pat. RF №2314665, IPC А01С 1 / 00, publ. 01.20.08). Pre-sowing seed treatment is carried out by means of air-heat treatment for 3-5 days and etching with 80% tetramethylthiuram disulfide. Crop care is carried out by means of a main treatment at a plant height of 2-3 cm and an additional treatment at a plant height of 3-12 cm with a mixture of salts of triterpene acids isolated from fir green wood and neutral components. The proposed method allows to increase the yield of seeds and straw of flax while improving the physico-mechanical characteristics of the stem and fiber, increasing frost resistance, resistance to drought and lodging, pests and diseases.

Also known is a method of producing a preparation for stimulating seed germination and increasing the resistance of seedlings to moisture deficiency (see. A preparation for stimulating seed germination and increasing the resistance of seedlings to moisture deficiency and a method for its preparation. Pat. RF No. 2337543, IPC A01N 31/08). First, hydroquinone is oxidized with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ferrous salts. Then, the formed acid is neutralized with alkali. The mixture is then incubated at a temperature of 50-65 ° C for 5-6 hours, after which the content of unreacted hydroquinone is measured. If its content is more than 20%, then a fresh portion of hydrogen peroxide is added and the reaction is carried out to a hydroquinone content of not more than 10-15% of the total weight of the whole preparation or the reaction mixture is purged with air for 2-3 hours. The use of the proposed drug in the processing of seeds of cereal crops increases the number of seedlings, mass, plant height and resistance of seedlings to moisture deficiency.

The disadvantage of these methods is the rather complex technological processes, high complexity, low stability of the last drug, since its structure includes hydroquinone, which in the light under aerobic conditions oxidizes quite quickly.

The technical task of the present invention is to develop a simpler way to increase the adaptive potential of vegetable crops while maintaining or increasing their productivity, maintaining environmental safety of the environment, reducing processing costs.

The essence of the invention is that a method of increasing the adaptive potential of vegetable crops is that to increase the resistance of vegetable crops to low temperatures and water deficit, the plants are treated three times with an aqueous solution of sodium selenite with a salt concentration of 0.35 ^* 10 ^-3 to 1, 04 ^∗ 10 ^-3 g / l, with the first irrigation carried out in the germination phase, the second in the vegetative mass growth phase, the third in the initial fruiting phase, with a liquid flow rate of 1000 l / ha for the first irrigation, 5000 for the second and third l / ha.

The theoretical prerequisite for the development of this method was the few published data on the physiological role of selenium in plant development. It is well known that the treatment of eastern goat's seeds with a solution of selenium salt in the experiment increases the stress resistance of seedlings by reducing the production of superoxide anion radical and, as a result, reduces the intensity of lipid peroxidation reactions of cell membranes, and also enhances the proteolysis of plant proteins, leading to the accumulation in the cytosol of low molecular weight peptides that are osmoregulators (see Vikhreva V.A., Khryanin V.N., Gins V.K., Blinohvatov A.F., Adaptogenic role of selenium in higher plants. // V there is Bashkir University. - 2001. - No. 2. - S.65-66).

The following is an example embodiment of the invention, which confirms, but does not limit the application of the claimed invention.

Example

The tests were carried out on plots with tomatoes and cucumbers on the open ground. Seed material is zoned and tested by the Siberian branch of the All-Union Agricultural Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Tomato and cucumber plants were grown through seedlings, the 1st watering was carried out at the seedling stage, the 2nd watering was in the phase of growing vegetative mass, and the 3rd in the initial phase of fruiting.

Scheme of experience:

1) control - watering;

2) pouring a solution of selenium salt with a salt concentration of 0.35 ^* 10 ^-3 g / l;

3) pouring a solution of selenium salt with a salt concentration of 0.70 ^* 10 ^-3 g / l;

4) pouring with a solution of selenium salt with a salt concentration of 1.04 ^* 10 ^-3 g / l.

The studies showed (table 1) that watering vegetable crops by the proposed method increases the vitality of plants at all studied concentrations of selenium, which is manifested by an increase in their frost resistance, resistance to moisture deficiency (no watering for 7 days).

Table 1 The effect of irrigation with a solution of selenium salt on the viability of vegetable crops under the influence of stress factors Stress factor The resistance of plants to control,% The concentration of sodium selenite (g / l) 0.35 ^∗ 10 ^-3 0.70 ^∗ 10 ^-3 1.04 ∗ 10 ^-3 Tomatoes Cucumbers Tomatoes Cucumbers Tomatoes Cucumbers Lowering the temperature to 0 + 2 ° С +12.8 +9.4 +16.2 +12.5 +14.9 +12.0 Water scarcity ^** +7.2 +8.3 +7.8 +8.4 +6.9 + 6.2 Note: ^∗ - June frosts, 7 days after the 2nd watering with a solution of selenium salt;
^∗∗ - 14 days after the 3rd watering with a solution of selenium salt.

In addition, in these groups, a study was conducted of the yield of the studied vegetable crops (table 2). The data obtained indicate that the proposed method not only preserves the productivity of tomatoes and cucumbers, but also when using a solution with a salt concentration of 0.35 ^* 10 ^-3 and 0.70 ^* 10 ^-3 g / l increases this figure by 20-30 % relative to control. In this case, fruiting continued until the first frost (October 10-15).

table 2 The effect of irrigation with selenium salt solution on the yield of vegetable crops Vegetable crop The yield of vegetables relative to the control,% The concentration of sodium selenite (g / l) 0.35 ^∗ 10 ^-3 0.70 ^∗ 10 ^-3 1.04 ^∗ 10 ^-3 Tomatoes 21.8 25.3 5.7 Cucumbers 32,4 30,2 17.1

Thus, the proposed method allows to increase the adaptive potential of vegetable crops, namely their frost resistance and resistance to drought, against the background of increasing the yield of these crops.

Claims (1)

A way to increase the adaptive potential of vegetable crops, which consists in the fact that to increase the resistance of vegetable crops to low temperatures and water shortages, plants are treated three times with an aqueous solution of sodium selenite with a salt concentration of 0.35 · 10 ^-3 to 1.04 · 10 ^-3 g / l, while the first watering is carried out in the phase of germination, the second in the phase of growing vegetative mass, the third in the initial phase of fruiting, with a liquid flow rate of 1000 l / ha for the first watering, 5000 l / ha for the second and third.