CN116439128B - Australian nut drought-resistant germplasm breeding method - Google Patents
Australian nut drought-resistant germplasm breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- FFSJPOPLSWBGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazol-4-one Chemical compound O=C1C=NN=N1 FFSJPOPLSWBGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 84
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 potassium sulfate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000018330 Macadamia integrifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000000912 Macadamia tetraphylla Species 0.000 claims description 5
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- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N Inositol-hexakisphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010036595 Premature delivery Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthrone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3CC2=C1 RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NKLPQNGYXWVELD-UHFFFAOYSA-M coomassie brilliant blue Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(C(=C2C=CC(C=C2)=[N+](CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 NKLPQNGYXWVELD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- FPVGTPBMTFTMRT-NSKUCRDLSA-L fast yellow Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(N)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 FPVGTPBMTFTMRT-NSKUCRDLSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- FEMOMIGRRWSMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ninhydrin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(O)(O)C(=O)C2=C1 FEMOMIGRRWSMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/17—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing slag
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding drought-resistant germplasm of macadimia nuts, which comprises the following steps: (1) seed selection; (2) seed soaking; (3) raising seedlings; (4) first-order drought resistance treatment; (5) second-order drought resistance treatment; (6) continuing drought treatment; (7) screening; the method combines the first-order drought resistance treatment under the condition of soaking seeds in clear water, soaking seeds in the carbendazim, dressing seeds with drought resistance enhancing liquid, spraying the first-order drought resistance enhancing liquid, spraying the second-order drought resistance enhancing liquid and spraying the continuous drought treatment under the condition of continuous drought enhancing liquid, wherein the fir needle leaf triterpene acid emulsion in the drought resistance enhancing liquid has the effects of exciting cell activity and improving the enzyme activity in the macadimia nut seeds and seedlings, and potassium humate, fulvic acid and methyl Liu triazolone are also added, so that the potential drought resistance of the seeds and seedlings can be effectively excited.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for breeding drought-resistant germplasm of macadimia nut.
Background
The macadamia nut is a native tree nut in Australia, and is an alias of macadamia nut, macadamia nut and macadamia nut. The macadamia genus is evergreen arbor, dicot. The crown is high, 3-4 leaves are rotated, the tree is needle-shaped and revolute, smooth, and the edge is provided with thorn-shaped saw teeth. The axillary inflorescence has a yellow flower, a spherical fruit, a peel and a leather, the endocarp is hard, and the kernel is light brown. Is suitable for growing in mild, moist and small-wind areas. Among the many dried fruits in the world, macadamia nuts are the most economically valuable, and the element enjoys the reputation of "the king of dried fruits". The macadimia nut has rich nutrition (milky white), the endocarp is dark green, the endocarp is hard and brown, the single fruit weighs 15-16 g, the oil content is about 70%, the protein is 9%, 17 amino acids including 8 amino acids necessary for human bodies are contained, and the macadimia nut is also rich in minerals and vitamins. The optimal growth temperature of the macadimia nut is 15-30 ℃, the growth is seriously hindered at a temperature higher than 30 ℃, the growth is stopped at a temperature of 40 ℃, the grown tree can resist the low temperature of-4 to-5.6 ℃ for a short period, and the grown tree is best cultivated in tropical and warm frostless subtropical areas with annual rainfall of 1300-3000 m and obvious dry and wet seasons. The soil is deep, rich and loose, the drainage is good, the pH is 4.5-6.5, and the elevation is below 770m, so that the soil is the most suitable garden.
The root systems of the young fruit trees of the macadimia nut are mainly distributed on the shallow soil, in the arid spring flowering phase, the young fruit trees cannot obtain moisture and nutrients from the deep soil for the young fruit to grow, the drought duration is long, the young fruit trees can be forced to give up reproductive growth, so that the life of the young fruit trees of the macadimia nut can be ensured to survive in the adverse environment, and the young fruit trees of the macadimia nut are difficult to realize premature delivery and high yield under the drought condition.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the macadimia nut drought resistance germplasm breeding method which is simple and convenient to operate and can effectively improve the drought resistance of seedlings.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for breeding drought-resistant germplasm of macadimia nuts comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed selection: selecting mature, full and pest-free macadimia nut with shell as seeds;
(2) Seed soaking:
2.1 Soaking seeds in clear water for 20-24 h to obtain seeds soaked for one time;
2.2 Soaking seeds of the first seed soaking with the liquid 750-850 times of the carbendazim for 8-12 min, taking out, and airing to obtain seeds of the second seed soaking;
2.3 Seed dressing the seeds of the secondary seed soaking with drought resistance enhancing liquid, and airing to obtain seeds to be sown; the drought resistance enhancement solution takes deionized water as a solvent, and contains 10% fir needle leaf triterpenic acid emulsion with the concentration of 5-8 g/kg, methyl Liu triazolone with the concentration of 3-5 g/kg, potassium humate with the concentration of 20-25 g/kg and fulvic acid with the concentration of 15-18 g/kg;
(3) Seedling raising: sowing seeds to be sown in a sterilized sand bed, keeping the sand bed moist, and controlling the temperature of the sand bed at 20-25 ℃ and raising seedlings until the height of the seedlings is 22-30 cm; planting the seedlings into a potting container, controlling the relative humidity of a matrix in the potting container to be more than 95%, and planting for 15-20 days to obtain planted seedlings;
(4) First-order drought resistance treatment: spraying first-order drought resistance enhancing liquid to the whole plant of the field planted seedling until the stems and leaves of the seedling are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 65-70%, and continuing for 30-35 days to obtain first-order drought resistance treated seedling; the first-order drought resistance enhancing liquid is obtained by diluting the drought resistance enhancing liquid by 15-20 times;
(5) Second-order drought resistance treatment: spraying second-order drought resistance enhancing liquid to the whole seedlings subjected to first-order drought resistance until the stems and leaves of the seedlings are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 60-63%, and continuing for 20-25 days to obtain seedlings subjected to second-order drought resistance; the second-order drought resistance enhancing liquid is obtained by diluting the drought resistance enhancing liquid by 5-8 times;
(6) And (3) continuous drought treatment: spraying continuous drought enhancement liquid to the whole seedlings subjected to the second-order drought resistance treatment until the stems and leaves of the seedlings are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 53-58%, and continuously carrying out drought resistance treatment for 10-15 days to obtain seedlings subjected to the drought resistance treatment; the continuous drought enhancement solution is added with 30-35 g/kg sodium citrate and 10-15 g/kg boric acid;
(7) Screening: the proline content, the soluble protein content and the soluble sugar content of the macadimia nut leaves are used as drought resistance standards.
Further, the drought resistance enhancing liquid in the step 2.3) takes deionized water as a solvent, and contains 10% fir needle leaf triterpenic acid emulsion with the concentration of 6-8 g/kg, methyl Liu triazolone with the concentration of 4-5 g/kg, potassium humate with the concentration of 22-25 g/kg and fulvic acid with the concentration of 16-18 g/kg.
Further, in the step 2.3), the drought resistance enhancing liquid is used for dressing seeds of the secondary seed soaking, the seeds are dried in the air, and then gibberellin of 200-250 mg/L is uniformly sprayed on the surfaces of the seeds until the outer surfaces of the seeds are completely wetted, and the seeds to be sown are obtained after the seeds are dried in the air.
Further, sowing seeds to be sown in a sterilized sand bed, keeping the sand bed moist, and controlling the temperature of the sand bed at 22-25 ℃ at the same time, and raising seedlings until the height of the seedlings is 25-30 cm; and planting the seedlings into a potting container, controlling the relative humidity of a matrix in the potting container to be more than 95%, and planting for 17-20 days to obtain the planted seedlings.
Further, in the step (3), the inner diameter of the potting container is 50-60 cm, and the depth is 50-60 cm; the depth of the matrix is more than 45 cm.
Further, the substrate in the step (3) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of peat soil, 50-55 parts of perlite, 50-60 parts of expanded vermiculite, 15-20 parts of powdered coal ash, and 10-15 parts of decomposed livestock manure; the matrix also contains 2-5 g/kg of potassium humate and 15-18 g/kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer.
Further, in the step (4), the first-order drought resistance enhancing liquid is sprayed to the whole plant of the field planted seedling until the stems and leaves of the seedling are sufficiently wet, the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container is reduced to 67-70%, and the time lasts for 32-35 days, so that the seedling subjected to the first-order drought resistance treatment is obtained; the first-order drought resistance enhancing liquid is obtained by diluting the drought resistance enhancing liquid by 18-20 times.
Further, in the step (5), the second-order drought-resistant enhancement solution is sprayed to the whole plant of the first-order drought-resistant treated seedling until the stems and leaves of the seedling are sufficiently wet, the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container is reduced to 62-63%, and the second-order drought-resistant treated seedling is obtained after the relative humidity is continued for 22-25 days; the second-order drought resistance enhancing liquid is obtained by diluting the drought resistance enhancing liquid by 6-8 times.
Further, spraying continuous drought enhancement liquid to the whole seedlings subjected to the second-order drought resistance treatment in the step (6) until the stems and leaves of the seedlings are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 55-58%, and continuously carrying out drought resistance treatment for 12-15 days to obtain seedlings subjected to drought resistance treatment; the continuous drought enhancement liquid is added with 33-35 g/kg sodium citrate and 14-15 g/kg boric acid.
Further, in the step (7), the proline content of the seedling leaves subjected to the drought resistance treatment is A1, the proline content of the seedling leaves subjected to the drought resistance treatment is A2, the soluble protein content of the seedling leaves subjected to the drought resistance treatment is B1, the soluble sugar content of the seedling leaves subjected to the drought resistance treatment is C1, and the soluble sugar content of the seedling leaves subjected to the drought resistance treatment is C2; the drought resistance standard is: a2 is 1.3-1.5, B2 is 1.4-1.6, C2 is 2.1-2.3, drought resistance is strong; a2 is 1.0-1.2, B2 is 1.1-1.3, C2 is 1.8-2.0, drought resistance is general; a2 is less than 1.0, B2 is less than 1.05, and C2 is less than 1.5, and drought resistance is weak.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention relates to a method for selecting and breeding drought-resistant germplasm of macadimia nut, which is characterized in that drought-resistant germplasm selection is usually carried out by adopting a drought treatment mode, and the method is characterized in that the drought-resistant germplasm selection is judged by indexes such as survival condition, root system development condition and the like of seedlings after the drought treatment, and the screening and identification method is limited in that the drought-resistant germplasm selection cannot excite seeds and seedlings, namely, the method cannot promote the drought resistance of the seedlings, and in this way, the method adopts the combination of soaking seeds with clear water, soaking seeds with the dolichos, mixing seeds with drought-resistant enhancement solution, spraying first-order drought-resistant treatment under the condition of first-order drought-resistant enhancement solution, spraying second-order drought-resistant treatment under the condition of second-order drought-resistant enhancement solution, spraying continuous drought treatment under the condition of continuous drought enhancement solution, namely, the method firstly carries out drought enhancement solution seed mixing, then carries out multi-stage drought treatment, and applies corresponding drought enhancement solution, and as the fir leaf triterpene acid emulsion in the drought enhancement solution has the function of exciting cell activity, thus improving the activity of macadimia nut seeds and seedlings, and drought-resistant potassium phytate and yellow acid are further added, the potential effect of the seedlings is further stimulated, and the seedling is further stimulated by the potential effect of the seedling growth, and the seedling is more effectively excited by the method itself.
According to the macadimia nut drought resistance germplasm breeding method, after the drought resistance enhancement liquid is used for dressing seeds of the secondary seed soaking, gibberellin is used for treating the seeds, so that the germination rate of the seeds can be effectively improved; optimizing the composition ratio of the matrix, adding a proper amount of potassium humate and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer into the matrix, and constructing a better root system environment for the seedlings, wherein the plant growth vigor is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a picture of the drought resistance germplasm breeding experiment of macadimia nuts of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in a more complete understanding of the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The invention relates to a method for breeding drought-resistant germplasm of macadimia nut, which comprises the following steps of selecting seeds of three varieties of OC, H2 and HAES900 in the step (1) of the embodiment, and carrying out experiments on 200 varieties.
Example 1
A method for breeding drought-resistant germplasm of macadimia nuts comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed selection: selecting mature, full and pest-free macadimia nut with shell as seeds;
(2) Seed soaking:
2.1 Soaking seeds in clear water for 20h to obtain seeds soaked for one time;
2.2 Soaking seeds of the first seed soaking with 750 times of liquid of the carbendazim for 8min, taking out, and airing to obtain seeds of the second seed soaking;
2.3 Seed dressing the seeds subjected to secondary seed soaking by using drought resistance enhancing liquid, airing, then uniformly spraying 200 mg/L gibberellin on the surfaces of the seeds until the outer sides of the seeds are completely wetted, airing, and obtaining seeds to be sown; the drought resistance enhancement solution takes deionized water as a solvent, and contains 10% fir needle leaf triterpenic acid emulsion with the concentration of 5g/kg, methyl Liu triazolone with the concentration of 3g/kg, potassium humate with the concentration of 20g/kg and fulvic acid with the concentration of 15 g/kg;
(3) Seedling raising: sowing seeds to be sown in a sterilized sand bed, keeping the sand bed moist, and controlling the temperature of the sand bed at 20 ℃ at the same time, and raising seedlings until the height of the seedlings reaches 22 cm; planting the seedlings into the flowerpots, wherein the inner diameter of the flowerpots is 50 cm, and the depth of the flowerpots is 50 cm; controlling the relative humidity of a matrix in the flowerpot to be more than 95%, controlling the depth of the matrix to be more than 45 cm, and performing field planting for 15 days to obtain field planted seedlings; the matrix consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of peat soil, 50 parts of perlite, 50 parts of expanded vermiculite, 15 parts of powdered coal ash and 10 parts of decomposed livestock manure; the matrix also contains 2g/kg of potassium humate and 15g/kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer;
(4) First-order drought resistance treatment: spraying first-order drought resistance enhancing liquid to the whole plant of the field planted seedling until the stems and leaves of the seedling are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 65%, and continuing for 30 days to obtain first-order drought resistance treated seedling; the first-order drought resistance enhancing liquid is obtained by diluting the drought resistance enhancing liquid by 15 times;
(5) Second-order drought resistance treatment: spraying second-order drought resistance enhancing liquid to the whole plant of the first-order drought resistance treated seedling until the stems and leaves of the seedling are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 60%, and continuing for 20 days to obtain the second-order drought resistance treated seedling; the second-order drought resistance enhancing liquid is obtained by diluting the drought resistance enhancing liquid by 5 times;
(6) And (3) continuous drought treatment: spraying continuous drought enhancement liquid to the whole seedlings subjected to the second-order drought resistance treatment until the stems and leaves of the seedlings are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 53%, and continuously carrying out the drought resistance treatment for 10 days to obtain seedlings subjected to the drought resistance treatment; the continuous drought enhancement liquid is added with 30g/kg sodium citrate and 10g/kg boric acid;
(7) Screening: taking the proline content, the soluble protein content and the soluble sugar content of the macadimia nut leaves as drought resistance standards; the proline content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is A1, the proline content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is A2, the soluble protein content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is B1, the soluble protein content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is B2, the soluble sugar content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is C1, and the soluble sugar content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is C2; the drought resistance standard is: a2 is 1.3-1.5, B2 is 1.4-1.6, C2 is 2.1-2.3, drought resistance is strong; a2 is 1.0-1.2, B2 is 1.1-1.3, C2 is 1.8-2.0, drought resistance is general; a2 is less than 1.0, B2 is less than 1.05, and C2 is less than 1.5, and drought resistance is weak.
Example 2
A method for breeding drought-resistant germplasm of macadimia nuts comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed selection: selecting mature, full and pest-free macadimia nut with shell as seeds;
(2) Seed soaking:
2.1 Soaking seeds in clear water for 24 hours to obtain seeds soaked for one time;
2.2 Soaking seeds of the first seed soaking with 850 times of the liquid of the carbendazim for 12min, taking out, and airing to obtain seeds of the second seed soaking;
2.3 Seed dressing the seeds subjected to secondary seed soaking by using drought resistance enhancing liquid, airing, uniformly spraying 250 mg/L gibberellin on the surfaces of the seeds until the outer sides of the seeds are completely wetted, airing, and obtaining seeds to be sown; the drought resistance enhancement solution takes deionized water as a solvent, and contains 10% fir needle leaf triterpenic acid emulsion with the concentration of 8g/kg, methyl Liu triazolone with the concentration of 5g/kg, potassium humate with the concentration of 25g/kg and fulvic acid with the concentration of 18 g/kg;
(3) Seedling raising: sowing seeds to be sown in a sterilized sand bed, keeping the sand bed moist, and controlling the temperature of the sand bed at 25 ℃ at the same time, and raising seedlings until the seedling height is 30 cm; planting the seedlings into the flowerpot, wherein the inner diameter of the flowerpot is 60 cm, and the depth of the flowerpot is 60 cm; controlling the relative humidity of a matrix in the flowerpot to be more than 95%, controlling the depth of the matrix to be more than 45 cm, and performing field planting for 20 days to obtain field planted seedlings; the matrix consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of peat soil, 55 parts of perlite, 60 parts of expanded vermiculite, 20 parts of powdered coal ash and 15 parts of decomposed livestock manure; the matrix also contains 5g/kg of potassium humate and 18g/kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer;
(4) First-order drought resistance treatment: spraying first-order drought resistance enhancing liquid to the whole plant of the field planted seedling until the stems and leaves of the seedling are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 70%, and continuing for 35 days to obtain first-order drought resistance treated seedling; the first-order drought resistance enhancing liquid is obtained by diluting the drought resistance enhancing liquid by 20 times;
(5) Second-order drought resistance treatment: spraying second-order drought resistance enhancing liquid to the whole plant of the first-order drought resistance treated seedling until the stems and leaves of the seedling are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 63%, and continuing for 25 days to obtain the second-order drought resistance treated seedling; the second-order drought resistance enhancing liquid is obtained by diluting the drought resistance enhancing liquid by 8 times;
(6) And (3) continuous drought treatment: spraying continuous drought enhancement liquid to the whole seedlings subjected to the second-order drought resistance treatment until the stems and leaves of the seedlings are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 58%, and continuously carrying out the drought resistance treatment for 15 days to obtain seedlings subjected to the drought resistance treatment; the continuous drought enhancement liquid is added with 35g/kg sodium citrate and 15g/kg boric acid;
(7) Screening: taking the proline content, the soluble protein content and the soluble sugar content of the macadimia nut leaves as drought resistance standards; the proline content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is A1, the proline content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is A2, the soluble protein content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is B1, the soluble protein content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is B2, the soluble sugar content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is C1, and the soluble sugar content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is C2; the drought resistance standard is: a2 is 1.3-1.5, B2 is 1.4-1.6, C2 is 2.1-2.3, drought resistance is strong; a2 is 1.0-1.2, B2 is 1.1-1.3, C2 is 1.8-2.0, drought resistance is general; a2 is less than 1.0, B2 is less than 1.05, and C2 is less than 1.5, and drought resistance is weak.
Example 3
A method for breeding drought-resistant germplasm of macadimia nuts comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed selection: selecting mature, full and pest-free macadimia nut with shell as seeds;
(2) Seed soaking:
2.1 Soaking seeds for 22 hours with clear water to obtain seeds soaked for one time;
2.2 Soaking seeds of the first seed soaking with 780 times of the liquid of the carbendazim for 10min, taking out and airing to obtain seeds of the second seed soaking;
2.3 Seed dressing the seeds subjected to secondary seed soaking by using drought resistance enhancing liquid, airing, then uniformly spraying 220 mg/L gibberellin on the surfaces of the seeds until the outer sides of the seeds are completely wetted, airing, and obtaining seeds to be sown; the drought resistance enhancement solution takes deionized water as a solvent, and contains 10% fir needle leaf triterpenic acid emulsion with the concentration of 6g/kg, methyl Liu triazolone with the concentration of 4g/kg, potassium humate with the concentration of 22g/kg and fulvic acid with the concentration of 16 g/kg;
(3) Seedling raising: sowing seeds to be sown in a sterilized sand bed, keeping the sand bed moist, and controlling the temperature of the sand bed at 22 ℃ at the same time, and raising seedlings until the height of the seedlings is 25 cm; planting the seedlings into the flowerpot, wherein the inner diameter of the flowerpot is 55 cm, and the depth of the flowerpot is 55 cm; controlling the relative humidity of a matrix in the flowerpot to be more than 95%, controlling the depth of the matrix to be more than 45 cm, and planting for 17 days to obtain planted seedlings; the matrix consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of peat soil, 52 parts of perlite, 57 parts of expanded vermiculite, 19 parts of pulverized coal ash, and 14 parts of decomposed livestock manure; the matrix also contains 3g/kg of potassium humate and 17g/kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer;
(4) First-order drought resistance treatment: spraying first-order drought resistance enhancing liquid to the whole plant of the field planted seedling until the stems and leaves of the seedling are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 67%, and continuing for 32 days to obtain first-order drought resistance treated seedling; the first-order drought resistance enhancing liquid is obtained by diluting the drought resistance enhancing liquid by 18 times;
(5) Second-order drought resistance treatment: spraying second-order drought resistance enhancing liquid to the whole plant of the first-order drought resistance treated seedling until the stems and leaves of the seedling are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 62%, and continuing for 22 days to obtain the second-order drought resistance treated seedling; the second-order drought resistance enhancing liquid is obtained by diluting the drought resistance enhancing liquid by 6 times;
(6) And (3) continuous drought treatment: spraying continuous drought enhancement liquid to the whole seedlings subjected to the second-order drought resistance treatment until the stems and leaves of the seedlings are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 55%, and continuously carrying out the drought resistance treatment for 12 days to obtain seedlings subjected to the drought resistance treatment; the continuous drought enhancement liquid is added with 33g/kg sodium citrate and 14g/kg boric acid;
(7) Screening: taking the proline content, the soluble protein content and the soluble sugar content of the macadimia nut leaves as drought resistance standards; the proline content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is A1, the proline content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is A2, the soluble protein content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is B1, the soluble protein content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is B2, the soluble sugar content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is C1, and the soluble sugar content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is C2; the drought resistance standard is: a2 is 1.3-1.5, B2 is 1.4-1.6, C2 is 2.1-2.3, drought resistance is strong; a2 is 1.0-1.2, B2 is 1.1-1.3, C2 is 1.8-2.0, drought resistance is general; a2 is less than 1.0, B2 is less than 1.05, and C2 is less than 1.5, and drought resistance is weak.
Example 4
A method for breeding drought-resistant germplasm of macadimia nuts comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed selection: selecting mature, full and pest-free macadimia nut with shell as seeds;
(2) Seed soaking:
2.1 Soaking seeds for 22 hours with clear water to obtain seeds soaked for one time;
2.2 Soaking seeds of the first seed soaking with 780 times of the liquid of the carbendazim for 10min, taking out and airing to obtain seeds of the second seed soaking;
2.3 Seed dressing the seeds of the secondary seed soaking with drought resistance enhancing liquid, and airing to obtain seeds to be sown; the drought resistance enhancement solution takes deionized water as a solvent, and contains 10% fir needle leaf triterpenic acid emulsion with the concentration of 6g/kg, methyl Liu triazolone with the concentration of 4g/kg, potassium humate with the concentration of 22g/kg and fulvic acid with the concentration of 16 g/kg;
(3) Seedling raising: sowing seeds to be sown in a sterilized sand bed, keeping the sand bed moist, and controlling the temperature of the sand bed at 22 ℃ at the same time, and raising seedlings until the height of the seedlings is 25 cm; planting the seedlings into the flowerpot, wherein the inner diameter of the flowerpot is 55 cm, and the depth of the flowerpot is 55 cm; controlling the relative humidity of a matrix in the flowerpot to be more than 95%, controlling the depth of the matrix to be more than 45 cm, and planting for 17 days to obtain planted seedlings; the matrix consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of peat soil, 52 parts of perlite, 57 parts of expanded vermiculite, 19 parts of pulverized coal ash, and 14 parts of decomposed livestock manure; the matrix also contains 3g/kg of potassium humate and 17g/kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer;
(4) First-order drought resistance treatment: spraying first-order drought resistance enhancing liquid to the whole plant of the field planted seedling until the stems and leaves of the seedling are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 67%, and continuing for 32 days to obtain first-order drought resistance treated seedling; the first-order drought resistance enhancing liquid is obtained by diluting the drought resistance enhancing liquid by 18 times;
(5) Second-order drought resistance treatment: spraying second-order drought resistance enhancing liquid to the whole plant of the first-order drought resistance treated seedling until the stems and leaves of the seedling are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 62%, and continuing for 22 days to obtain the second-order drought resistance treated seedling; the second-order drought resistance enhancing liquid is obtained by diluting the drought resistance enhancing liquid by 6 times;
(6) And (3) continuous drought treatment: spraying continuous drought enhancement liquid to the whole seedlings subjected to the second-order drought resistance treatment until the stems and leaves of the seedlings are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 55%, and continuously carrying out the drought resistance treatment for 12 days to obtain seedlings subjected to the drought resistance treatment; the continuous drought enhancement liquid is added with 33g/kg sodium citrate and 14g/kg boric acid;
(7) Screening: taking the proline content, the soluble protein content and the soluble sugar content of the macadimia nut leaves as drought resistance standards; the proline content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is A1, the proline content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is A2, the soluble protein content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is B1, the soluble protein content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is B2, the soluble sugar content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is C1, and the soluble sugar content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is C2; the drought resistance standard is: a2 is 1.3-1.5, B2 is 1.4-1.6, C2 is 2.1-2.3, drought resistance is strong; a2 is 1.0-1.2, B2 is 1.1-1.3, C2 is 1.8-2.0, drought resistance is general; a2 is less than 1.0, B2 is less than 1.05, and C2 is less than 1.5, and drought resistance is weak.
Example 5
A method for breeding drought-resistant germplasm of macadimia nuts comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed selection: selecting mature, full and pest-free macadimia nut with shell as seeds;
(2) Seed soaking:
2.1 Soaking seeds for 22 hours with clear water to obtain seeds soaked for one time;
2.2 Soaking seeds of the first seed soaking with 780 times of the liquid of the carbendazim for 10min, taking out and airing to obtain seeds of the second seed soaking;
2.3 Seed dressing the seeds subjected to secondary seed soaking by using drought resistance enhancing liquid, airing, then uniformly spraying 220 mg/L gibberellin on the surfaces of the seeds until the outer sides of the seeds are completely wetted, airing, and obtaining seeds to be sown; the drought resistance enhancement solution takes deionized water as a solvent, and contains 10% fir needle leaf triterpenic acid emulsion with the concentration of 6g/kg, methyl Liu triazolone with the concentration of 4g/kg, potassium humate with the concentration of 22g/kg and fulvic acid with the concentration of 16 g/kg;
(3) Seedling raising: sowing seeds to be sown in a sterilized sand bed, keeping the sand bed moist, and controlling the temperature of the sand bed at 22 ℃ at the same time, and raising seedlings until the height of the seedlings is 25 cm; planting the seedlings into the flowerpot, wherein the inner diameter of the flowerpot is 55 cm, and the depth of the flowerpot is 55 cm; controlling the relative humidity of a matrix in the flowerpot to be more than 95%, controlling the depth of the matrix to be more than 45 cm, and planting for 17 days to obtain planted seedlings; the matrix consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of peat soil, 52 parts of perlite, 57 parts of expanded vermiculite and 14 parts of decomposed livestock manure;
(4) First-order drought resistance treatment: spraying first-order drought resistance enhancing liquid to the whole plant of the field planted seedling until the stems and leaves of the seedling are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 67%, and continuing for 32 days to obtain first-order drought resistance treated seedling; the first-order drought resistance enhancing liquid is obtained by diluting the drought resistance enhancing liquid by 18 times;
(5) Second-order drought resistance treatment: spraying second-order drought resistance enhancing liquid to the whole plant of the first-order drought resistance treated seedling until the stems and leaves of the seedling are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 62%, and continuing for 22 days to obtain the second-order drought resistance treated seedling; the second-order drought resistance enhancing liquid is obtained by diluting the drought resistance enhancing liquid by 6 times;
(6) And (3) continuous drought treatment: spraying continuous drought enhancement liquid to the whole seedlings subjected to the second-order drought resistance treatment until the stems and leaves of the seedlings are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 55%, and continuously carrying out the drought resistance treatment for 12 days to obtain seedlings subjected to the drought resistance treatment; the continuous drought enhancement liquid is added with 33g/kg sodium citrate and 14g/kg boric acid;
(7) Screening: taking the proline content, the soluble protein content and the soluble sugar content of the macadimia nut leaves as drought resistance standards; the proline content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is A1, the proline content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is A2, the soluble protein content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is B1, the soluble protein content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is B2, the soluble sugar content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is C1, and the soluble sugar content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is C2; the drought resistance standard is: a2 is 1.3-1.5, B2 is 1.4-1.6, C2 is 2.1-2.3, drought resistance is strong; a2 is 1.0-1.2, B2 is 1.1-1.3, C2 is 1.8-2.0, drought resistance is general; a2 is less than 1.0, B2 is less than 1.05, and C2 is less than 1.5, and drought resistance is weak.
Comparative example 1
A method for breeding drought-resistant germplasm of macadimia nuts comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed selection: selecting mature, full and pest-free macadimia nut with shell as seeds;
(2) Seed soaking:
2.1 Soaking seeds for 22 hours with clear water to obtain seeds soaked for one time;
2.2 Soaking seeds of the first seed soaking with 780 times of the liquid of the carbendazim for 10min, taking out and airing to obtain seeds of the second seed soaking; then uniformly spraying 220 mg/L gibberellin on the surface of the seed until the outer side of the seed is completely wetted, and airing to obtain the seed to be sown;
(3) Seedling raising: sowing seeds to be sown in a sterilized sand bed, keeping the sand bed moist, and controlling the temperature of the sand bed at 22 ℃ at the same time, and raising seedlings until the height of the seedlings is 25 cm; planting the seedlings into the flowerpot, wherein the inner diameter of the flowerpot is 55 cm, and the depth of the flowerpot is 55 cm; controlling the relative humidity of a matrix in the flowerpot to be more than 95%, controlling the depth of the matrix to be more than 45 cm, and planting for 17 days to obtain planted seedlings; the matrix consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of peat soil, 52 parts of perlite, 57 parts of expanded vermiculite, 19 parts of pulverized coal ash, and 14 parts of decomposed livestock manure; the matrix also contains 3g/kg of potassium humate and 17g/kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer;
(4) First-order drought resistance treatment: spraying first-order drought resistance enhancing liquid to the whole plant of the field planted seedling until the stems and leaves of the seedling are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 67%, and continuing for 32 days to obtain first-order drought resistance treated seedling; the first-order drought resistance enhancing liquid is obtained by diluting the drought resistance enhancing liquid by 18 times; the drought resistance enhancement solution takes deionized water as a solvent, and contains 10% fir needle leaf triterpenic acid emulsion with the concentration of 6g/kg, methyl Liu triazolone with the concentration of 4g/kg, potassium humate with the concentration of 22g/kg and fulvic acid with the concentration of 16 g/kg;
(5) Second-order drought resistance treatment: spraying a first-order drought-resistant enhancement solution to the whole plant of the first-order drought-resistant treated seedling until the stems and leaves of the seedling are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 62%, and continuing for 22 days to obtain a second-order drought-resistant treated seedling;
(6) And (3) continuous drought treatment: spraying a first-order drought-resistant enhancement solution to the whole seedlings subjected to the second-order drought resistance treatment until the stems and leaves of the seedlings are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 55%, and continuing for 12 days to obtain drought-resistant seedlings;
(7) Screening: taking the proline content, the soluble protein content and the soluble sugar content of the macadimia nut leaves as drought resistance standards; the proline content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is A1, the proline content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is A2, the soluble protein content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is B1, the soluble protein content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is B2, the soluble sugar content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is C1, and the soluble sugar content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is C2; the drought resistance standard is: a2 is 1.3-1.5, B2 is 1.4-1.6, C2 is 2.1-2.3, drought resistance is strong; a2 is 1.0-1.2, B2 is 1.1-1.3, C2 is 1.8-2.0, drought resistance is general; a2 is less than 1.0, B2 is less than 1.05, and C2 is less than 1.5, and drought resistance is weak.
Comparative example 2
A method for breeding drought-resistant germplasm of macadimia nuts comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed selection: selecting mature, full and pest-free macadimia nut with shell as seeds;
(2) Seed soaking:
2.1 Soaking seeds for 22 hours with clear water to obtain seeds soaked for one time;
2.2 Soaking seeds of the first seed soaking with 780 times of the liquid of the carbendazim for 10min, taking out and airing to obtain seeds of the second seed soaking; then uniformly spraying 220 mg/L gibberellin on the surface of the seed until the outer side of the seed is completely wetted, and airing to obtain the seed to be sown;
(3) Seedling raising: sowing seeds to be sown in a sterilized sand bed, keeping the sand bed moist, and controlling the temperature of the sand bed at 22 ℃ at the same time, and raising seedlings until the height of the seedlings is 25 cm; planting the seedlings into the flowerpot, wherein the inner diameter of the flowerpot is 55 cm, and the depth of the flowerpot is 55 cm; controlling the relative humidity of a matrix in the flowerpot to be more than 95%, controlling the depth of the matrix to be more than 45 cm, and planting for 17 days to obtain planted seedlings; the matrix consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of peat soil, 52 parts of perlite, 57 parts of expanded vermiculite, 19 parts of pulverized coal ash, and 14 parts of decomposed livestock manure; the matrix also contains 3g/kg of potassium humate and 17g/kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer;
(4) First-order drought resistance treatment: spraying continuous drought enhancement liquid to the whole plant of the field planted seedling until the stems and leaves of the seedling are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 67%, and continuously maintaining for 32 days to obtain the first-order drought-resistant treated seedling; the drought resistance enhancement solution takes deionized water as a solvent, and contains 10% fir needle leaf triterpenic acid emulsion with the concentration of 6g/kg, methyl Liu triazolone with the concentration of 4g/kg, potassium humate with the concentration of 22g/kg and fulvic acid with the concentration of 16 g/kg; the continuous drought enhancement liquid is added with 33g/kg sodium citrate and 14g/kg boric acid;
(5) Second-order drought resistance treatment: spraying continuous drought enhancement liquid to the whole plant of the first-order drought-resistant treated seedling until the stems and leaves of the seedling are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 62%, and continuing for 22 days to obtain a second-order drought-resistant treated seedling;
(6) And (3) continuous drought treatment: spraying continuous drought enhancement liquid to the whole seedlings subjected to the second-order drought resistance treatment until the stems and leaves of the seedlings are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 55%, and continuously carrying out the drought resistance treatment for 12 days to obtain seedlings subjected to the drought resistance treatment;
(7) Screening: taking the proline content, the soluble protein content and the soluble sugar content of the macadimia nut leaves as drought resistance standards; the proline content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is A1, the proline content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is A2, the soluble protein content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is B1, the soluble protein content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is B2, the soluble sugar content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is C1, and the soluble sugar content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is C2; the drought resistance standard is: a2 is 1.3-1.5, B2 is 1.4-1.6, C2 is 2.1-2.3, drought resistance is strong; a2 is 1.0-1.2, B2 is 1.1-1.3, C2 is 1.8-2.0, drought resistance is general; a2 is less than 1.0, B2 is less than 1.05, and C2 is less than 1.5, and drought resistance is weak.
Comparative example 3
A method for breeding drought-resistant germplasm of macadimia nuts comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed selection: selecting mature, full and pest-free macadimia nut with shell as seeds;
(2) Seed soaking:
2.1 Soaking seeds for 22 hours with clear water to obtain seeds soaked for one time;
2.2 Soaking seeds of the first seed soaking with 780 times of the liquid of the carbendazim for 10min, taking out and airing to obtain seeds of the second seed soaking;
2.3 Seed dressing the seeds subjected to secondary seed soaking by using drought resistance enhancing liquid, airing, then uniformly spraying 220 mg/L gibberellin on the surfaces of the seeds until the outer sides of the seeds are completely wetted, airing, and obtaining seeds to be sown; the drought resistance enhancement solution takes deionized water as a solvent, and contains 10% fir needle leaf triterpenic acid emulsion with the concentration of 6g/kg, methyl Liu triazolone with the concentration of 4g/kg, potassium humate with the concentration of 22g/kg and fulvic acid with the concentration of 16 g/kg;
(3) Seedling raising: sowing seeds to be sown in a sterilized sand bed, keeping the sand bed moist, and controlling the temperature of the sand bed at 22 ℃ at the same time, and raising seedlings until the height of the seedlings is 25 cm; planting the seedlings into the flowerpot, wherein the inner diameter of the flowerpot is 55 cm, and the depth of the flowerpot is 55 cm; controlling the relative humidity of a matrix in the flowerpot to be more than 95%, controlling the depth of the matrix to be more than 45 cm, and planting for 17 days to obtain planted seedlings; the matrix consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of peat soil, 52 parts of perlite, 57 parts of expanded vermiculite, 19 parts of pulverized coal ash, and 14 parts of decomposed livestock manure; the matrix also contains 3g/kg of potassium humate and 17g/kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer;
(4) First-order drought resistance treatment: reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 67%, and continuing for 32 days to obtain first-order drought-resistant treated seedlings;
(5) Second-order drought resistance treatment: reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 62%, and continuing for 22 days to obtain seedlings subjected to second-order drought resistance treatment;
(6) And (3) continuous drought treatment: reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 55%, and continuing for 12 days to obtain drought-resistant seedlings;
(7) Screening: taking the proline content, the soluble protein content and the soluble sugar content of the macadimia nut leaves as drought resistance standards; the proline content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is A1, the proline content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is A2, the soluble protein content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is B1, the soluble protein content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is B2, the soluble sugar content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is C1, and the soluble sugar content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is C2; the drought resistance standard is: a2 is 1.3-1.5, B2 is 1.4-1.6, C2 is 2.1-2.3, drought resistance is strong; a2 is 1.0-1.2, B2 is 1.1-1.3, C2 is 1.8-2.0, drought resistance is general; a2 is less than 1.0, B2 is less than 1.05, and C2 is less than 1.5, and drought resistance is weak.
Comparative example 4
A method for breeding drought-resistant germplasm of macadimia nuts comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed selection: selecting mature, full and pest-free macadimia nut with shell as seeds;
(2) Seed soaking:
2.1 Soaking seeds for 22 hours with clear water to obtain seeds soaked for one time;
2.2 Soaking seeds of the first seed soaking with 780 times of the liquid of the carbendazim for 10min, taking out and airing to obtain seeds of the second seed soaking; then uniformly spraying 220 mg/L gibberellin on the surface of the seed until the outer side of the seed is completely wetted, and airing to obtain the seed to be sown;
(3) Seedling raising: sowing seeds to be sown in a sterilized sand bed, keeping the sand bed moist, and controlling the temperature of the sand bed at 22 ℃ at the same time, and raising seedlings until the height of the seedlings is 25 cm; planting the seedlings into the flowerpot, wherein the inner diameter of the flowerpot is 55 cm, and the depth of the flowerpot is 55 cm; controlling the relative humidity of a matrix in the flowerpot to be more than 95%, controlling the depth of the matrix to be more than 45 cm, and planting for 17 days to obtain planted seedlings; the matrix consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of peat soil, 52 parts of perlite, 57 parts of expanded vermiculite, 19 parts of pulverized coal ash, and 14 parts of decomposed livestock manure; the matrix also contains 3g/kg of potassium humate and 17g/kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer;
(4) First-order drought resistance treatment: reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 67%, and continuing for 32 days to obtain first-order drought-resistant treated seedlings;
(5) Second-order drought resistance treatment: reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 62%, and continuing for 22 days to obtain seedlings subjected to second-order drought resistance treatment;
(6) And (3) continuous drought treatment: reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 55%, and continuing for 12 days to obtain drought-resistant seedlings;
(7) Screening: taking the proline content, the soluble protein content and the soluble sugar content of the macadimia nut leaves as drought resistance standards; the proline content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is A1, the proline content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is A2, the soluble protein content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is B1, the soluble protein content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is B2, the soluble sugar content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is C1, and the soluble sugar content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is C2; the drought resistance standard is: a2 is 1.3-1.5, B2 is 1.4-1.6, C2 is 2.1-2.3, drought resistance is strong; a2 is 1.0-1.2, B2 is 1.1-1.3, C2 is 1.8-2.0, drought resistance is general; a2 is less than 1.0, B2 is less than 1.05, and C2 is less than 1.5, and drought resistance is weak.
Table 1 below shows statistics of drought resistance test results in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-4;
TABLE 1
In the experiment, the proline content is detected by an ninhydrin colorimetric method, the soluble protein content is detected by a coomassie brilliant blue method, and the soluble sugar content is detected by an anthrone method; as shown by the experimental results, the drought resistance seed breeding method of the macadimia nut adopts the combination of the first-order drought resistance treatment under the condition of soaking seeds in clear water, soaking seeds in the multi-agent fungus, mixing seeds in the drought resistance enhancement liquid, spraying the first-order drought resistance treatment under the condition of spraying the first-order drought resistance enhancement liquid, spraying the second-order drought resistance treatment under the condition of spraying the second-order drought resistance enhancement liquid, and spraying the continuous drought treatment under the condition of continuous drought enhancement liquid, namely, the method firstly carries out the drought enhancement liquid mixing seeds, then carries out the multi-stage drought treatment, and applies the corresponding drought enhancement liquid, because the fir needle leaf triterpene acid emulsion in the drought resistance enhancement liquid has the effect of stimulating cell activity, improving the enzyme activity in the macadimia nut seeds and seedlings, and potassium humate and fulvic acid are further added to stimulate the growth of the seeds and seedlings, and then the effect of the potential drought resistance of the seeds and the seedlings can be effectively stimulated by the aid of the first Liu triazolone, so that the potential drought resistance of the seeds and the seedlings can be continuously stimulated, and the potential drought resistance of the seedlings can be screened out; after the drought resistance enhancing liquid is used for dressing the seeds of the secondary seed soaking, gibberellin is used for treating the seeds, so that the germination rate of the seeds can be effectively improved. And then comparing the seedling growth conditions in examples 1-5, the seedling growth conditions in examples 1-4 are better, the seedling growth conditions in example 5 are worse, the matrix composition ratio can be optimized, and then a proper amount of potassium humate and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is added into the matrix, so that a better root system environment is constructed for the seedling, and the growth condition of the plant is better.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing general description and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. The drought-resistant germplasm breeding method for the macadimia nuts is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Seed selection: selecting mature, full and pest-free macadimia nut with shell as seeds;
(2) Seed soaking:
2.1 Soaking seeds in clear water for 20-24 h to obtain seeds soaked for one time;
2.2 Soaking seeds of the first seed soaking with the liquid 750-850 times of the carbendazim for 8-12 min, taking out, and airing to obtain seeds of the second seed soaking;
2.3 Seed dressing the seeds of the secondary seed soaking with drought resistance enhancing liquid, and airing to obtain seeds to be sown; the drought resistance enhancement solution takes deionized water as a solvent, and is added with 10 percent fir needle leaf triterpenic acid emulsion with the concentration of 5-8 g/kg, methyl Liu triazolone with the concentration of 3-5 g/kg, potassium humate with the concentration of 20-25 g/kg and fulvic acid with the concentration of 15-18 g/kg;
(3) Seedling raising: sowing seeds to be sown in a sterilized sand bed, keeping the sand bed moist, and controlling the temperature of the sand bed at 20-25 ℃ and raising seedlings until the height of the seedlings is 22-30 cm; transplanting the seedlings into a potting container, controlling the relative humidity of a matrix in the potting container to be more than 95%, and performing field planting for 15-20 days to obtain field planted seedlings;
(4) First-order drought resistance treatment: spraying first-order drought resistance enhancing liquid to the whole plant of the field planted seedling until the stems and leaves of the seedling are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 65-70%, and continuing for 30-35 days to obtain first-order drought resistance treated seedling; the first-order drought resistance enhancing liquid is obtained by diluting the drought resistance enhancing liquid by 15-20 times;
(5) Second-order drought resistance treatment: spraying second-order drought resistance enhancing liquid to the whole seedlings subjected to first-order drought resistance until the stems and leaves of the seedlings are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 60-63%, and continuing for 20-25 days to obtain seedlings subjected to second-order drought resistance; the second-order drought resistance enhancing liquid is obtained by diluting the drought resistance enhancing liquid by 5-8 times;
(6) And (3) continuous drought treatment: spraying continuous drought enhancement liquid to the whole seedlings subjected to the second-order drought resistance treatment until the stems and leaves of the seedlings are sufficiently wet, reducing the relative humidity of the matrix in the potting container to 53-58%, and continuously carrying out drought resistance treatment for 10-15 days to obtain seedlings subjected to the drought resistance treatment; the continuous drought enhancement solution is drought resistance enhancement solution added with 30-35 g/kg sodium citrate and 10-15 g/kg boric acid;
(7) Screening: taking the proline content, the soluble protein content and the soluble sugar content of the macadimia nut leaves as drought resistance standards;
the proline content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is A1, the proline content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is A2, the soluble protein content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is B1, the soluble protein content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is B2, the soluble sugar content of the leaves of the field planting seedlings is C1, and the soluble sugar content of the leaves of the drought resisting seedlings is C2; the drought resistance standard is: a2 is 1.3-1.5, B2 is 1.4-1.6, C2 is 2.1-2.3, drought resistance is strong; a2 is 1.0-1.2, B2 is 1.1-1.3, C2 is 1.8-2.0, drought resistance is general; a2 is less than 1.0, B2 is less than 1.05, and C2 is less than 1.5, and drought resistance is weak.
2. The method for breeding macadamia nut drought-resistant germplasm according to claim 1, characterized in that the drought-resistant enhancement liquid in the step 2.3) uses deionized water as a solvent, and comprises 10% fir needle leaf triterpenic acid emulsion with the concentration of 6-8 g/kg, methyl Liu triazolone with the concentration of 4-5 g/kg, potassium humate with the concentration of 22-25 g/kg and fulvic acid with the concentration of 16-18 g/kg.
3. The method for breeding macadimia nut drought-resistant germplasm according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 2.3), seeds of the secondary soaking are dressed with drought-resistant enhancing liquid, and dried in the air, and then gibberellin with the concentration of 200-250 mg/L is uniformly sprayed on the surfaces of the seeds until the surfaces of the seeds are completely wetted, and the seeds to be sown are obtained after the seeds are dried in the air.
4. The method for breeding the drought-resistant germplasm of the macadimia nut according to claim 1, which is characterized in that seeds to be sown are sown in a sterilized sand bed, the sand bed is kept moist, and meanwhile, the temperature of the sand bed is controlled at 22-25 ℃, and seedlings are grown until the seedling height is 25-30 cm; transplanting the seedlings into a potting container, controlling the relative humidity of a matrix in the potting container to be more than 95%, and performing field planting for 17-20 days to obtain field planted seedlings.
5. The method for breeding drought-resistant germplasm of macadimia nuts according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the inner diameter of the potting container is 50-60 cm, and the depth is 50-60 cm; the depth of the matrix is more than 45 cm.
6. The method for breeding macadimia nut drought-resistant germplasm according to claim 5, wherein the substrate in the step (3) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of peat soil, 50-55 parts of perlite, 50-60 parts of expanded vermiculite, 15-20 parts of powdered coal ash, 10-15 parts of decomposed livestock manure, 2-5 g/kg of potassium humate and 15-18 g/kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer.
7. The method for breeding macadimia nut drought resistance germplasm according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), first-order drought resistance enhancing liquid is sprayed to the whole plant of the planted seedling until the stems and leaves of the seedling are sufficiently wet, the relative humidity of the matrix in a pot container is reduced to 67-70%, and the time is prolonged to 32-35 days, so that the seedling subjected to first-order drought resistance treatment is obtained; the first-order drought resistance enhancing liquid is obtained by diluting the drought resistance enhancing liquid by 18-20 times.
8. The method for breeding macadimia nut drought resistance germplasm according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), second-order drought resistance enhancement liquid is sprayed to the whole plant of the first-order drought resistance treated seedling until the stems and leaves of the seedling are sufficiently wet, the relative humidity of the matrix in a pot container is reduced to 62-63%, and the time is kept for 22-25 days, so that the second-order drought resistance treated seedling is obtained; the second-order drought resistance enhancing liquid is obtained by diluting the drought resistance enhancing liquid by 6-8 times.
9. The method for breeding macadimia nut drought-resistant germplasm according to claim 7, characterized in that in the step (6), the full plant of seedlings subjected to second-order drought resistance treatment is sprayed with continuous drought enhancement liquid until stems and leaves of the seedlings are sufficiently wet, the relative humidity of matrixes in a pot container is reduced to 55-58%, and the relative humidity lasts for 12-15 days, so that drought-resistant seedlings are obtained; the continuous drought enhancement liquid is drought resistance enhancement liquid added with 33-35 g/kg sodium citrate and 14-15 g/kg boric acid.
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