RU2298327C1 - Plant growth regulator with fungicide action - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to plant growth regulator with fungicide action based on fir wood green including active agent in form of water soluble salt of triterpene acids and needle neutral components in ratio of 1:0.1-0.2, respectively, in the next component ratio (mass %): active agent 0.025-25; and balance: aqueous-alkaline solution.

EFFECT: agent of increased immunostimulating and growth-stimulating activity.

15 tbl, 2 dwg, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to biologically active substances with growth-promoting, bactericidal and fungicidal activity.

A biologically active preparation is known (RF patent No. 2247498, MKI A01N 37/00), which is a finely divided composite containing fir needles, a cellulose-containing product, water-soluble sodium salts of triterpene acids in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

pine needles 70-85 cellulose product 10-15 triterpenic acid sodium salts 4-5

A disadvantage of the known drug is its limited use (only for presowing seed treatment). In addition, the powdered form of the drug is economically disadvantageous, seed incrustation by wetting with a weak glue solution, followed by mixing with the drug requires additional costs and can lead to improper dosage, which has a detrimental effect on the seeds.

Known regulator of plant growth and development "Silk" obtained from woody Siberian fir (TU 2449-002-03533895-98), which is a water-soluble powder containing the amount of triterpene acids of green wood fir 10% and sodium carbonate 90%.

The method of obtaining "Silka" is expensive and environmentally unsafe, since organic solvents are used to isolate the active substance.

In addition, the known drug has an insufficiently wide range of fungicidal activity.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a new preparation based on woody green fir with an expanded range of applications and a lower consumption rate for use on various agricultural (vegetable, grain) and industrial crops.

The technical result consists in enhancing immunostimulatory and growth-stimulating activity. The new composition has an effective complex effect on the plant with a minimum consumption of the drug, and can be used to accelerate the ripening of crops, protect plants in extreme conditions (freezing, drought), and reduce plant damage to various diseases.

The drug is obtained in a simple and affordable way without the use of organic solvents.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the plant growth regulator with a fungicidal effect based on fir green wood, including the active substance in the form of water-soluble salts of triterpene acids, according to the invention, contains as an active substance a mixture of sodium or potassium salt and neutral needles, in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

active substance 0,025-25 aqueous alkaline solution rest

A method of obtaining a biological product is environmentally friendly, affordable and cost-effective.

By chemical nature and polarity, the main part of biologically active substances of green wood of conifers is represented by two groups: neutral and acidic. The composition of the neutral components includes terpenoids, essential oils, vitamins, etc. The composition of the acidic components is represented by fatty, di - and triterpenic acids. A necessary condition for the maximum possible extraction of acidic and neutral components from needles is the breaking of their connection with other compounds.

The method includes processing chopped wood green fir 0.5-20% aqueous solution of hydroxide or 1-20% aqueous solution of alkali metal carbonate in the ratio of raw materials: extractant 1: 5-12, followed by separation of the solid fraction.

In the process of extraction, the formation of water-soluble salts of tar and higher fatty acids contained in the needles of fir. Salts of resin acids are surfactants. Salts of higher fatty acids are micelle forming compounds. Micelles formed during processing solubilize, i.e. dissolve non-polar lipids of woody greens. In the process of processing, the needles are simultaneously saponified with an alkaline extractant and the neutral components are emulsified in a water-alkaline or water-carbonate solution of salts. Based on mass transfer processes, an oil-in-water emulsion is formed in the reaction suspension. At the end of the processing process, the emulsion is filtered. The resulting biological product is a dark brown liquid, easily diluted with water to the desired concentration. The relative density of the emulsion is 1.04-1.06 (20 ° C).

Figure 1 presents a graph of the dependence of the yield of components from green wood fir on the concentration of NaOH; a) when the ratio of raw materials: extractant 1: 5; b) when the ratio of raw materials: extractant 1:10; c) when the ratio of raw materials: extractant 1:12.

Figure 2 presents a graph of the dependence of the yield of components from green wood fir on the concentration of Na ₂ CO ₃ ; a) when the ratio of raw materials: extractant 1: 8; b) when the ratio of raw materials: extractant 1:10.

The alkaline solution in the process of mixing contributes to the faster destruction of plant tissues and bonds, penetrating into the intercellular space of woody greens, facilitates the process of extraction of acidic and neutral components.

Example 1

Ground woody greens are treated with 2% sodium hydroxide solution. Receive 140 g of an emulsion containing 12 g / l sodium salt of acids and 2.4 g / l of neutral components.

Example 2

The milled woody greens are treated with a 5% sodium hydroxide solution. Receive 400 g of an emulsion containing 7 g / l sodium salt of acids and 0.7 g / l of neutral components.

Example 3

Ground wood greens are treated with 5% potassium hydroxide solution. Get 120 g of an emulsion containing 3 g / l of potassium salt of acids and 0.4 g / l of neutral components.

The resulting mixture of acidic and neutral components (with a ratio of acidic: neutral 1: 0.1-0.2) is effective as a fungicide and plant growth stimulator and is used in various concentrations. The drug is non-toxic, environmentally friendly (sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, No. 77.99.28.929.A. 000218.09.05 dated September 14, 2005 and No. 77.99.28.929.A. 000219.09.05 dated September 14, 2005), retains biological activity for 2 years.

Salts of triterpenic acids have a high growth-promoting activity and contribute to an increase in agricultural crops by 20-40%. To a greater extent, the stimulating effect of these salts is manifested under adverse soil and climatic conditions, in conditions of drought and frost.

Neutral substances contain polyprenols, which enhance the immunity and defenses of plants from many diseases and are used for diseases caused by immune disorders. The components of essential oils have antimicrobial activity and have a bactericidal effect.

The biological product, called VERVA, was tested for 6 years at the NIPTI Agricultural Complex of the Komi Republic on crops of potatoes, cabbage, carrots, perennial herbs by spraying plants during the vegetation phase, and also by soaking the seeds in the solution before planting. Biological product tests were conducted in the Saratov region on wheat crops. Moscow Agricultural Academy K.A. Timiryazeva biological product is tested on flax crops

Various doses of the active substance (DW) were studied on growth, development, productivity, and resistance to diseases of crops. For comparison, plants were also treated with biological product "SILK".

To study the effect of the VERVA biological product on plant growth, we used a method for studying the viability of oat seeds — determining the energy of germination and germination.

Practice shows that those seeds that germinate before the determination of the germination energy in a given sample are the most vital and able to give normal germination in a field setting.

When studying the effect of the “VERVA” biological product in vegetation vessels on plant growth (Table 1), the first seedlings appeared on the second day after seed planting. Measurements showed that the largest number of seedlings appeared in the experiment, where the seeds were treated with a third dose (concentration of 25 mg / l). No seedling was observed in the control. The minimum number of seedlings of the four test doses on the second day was in the second dose (concentration 2.5 mg / l).

On the sixth day of observation, all planted seeds sprouted. For a better study of the effect of the biological product on plant growth, the average length of stems in each dose was measured and the following results were obtained.

Table 1 Experience number Dosage of DV bio-drug, mg / l The height of the stalks of oats on the 6th day after sowing seeds, cm Stem length on the 13th day after sowing seeds, cm one 0.25 12 21 2 2,5 eleven 23 3 25 13 21 four 250 12 20.5 5 The control 9 eighteen

The lowest stems were in control, and the highest were in vessels with plants treated with the first and fourth doses. In all vessels, the seeds in which were treated with the biological product "Verva", the height of the stems exceeded the control by 2-3 cm.

On the thirteenth day after sowing, changes were observed (Table 1). The lowest stems were observed in the control. All plants whose seeds were treated with Verva were 3-5 cm above the control. The highest result was observed in plants treated with a dose of 2.5 mg / L.

table 2 Experience number The concentration of DV biological product, mg / l The number of roots, pcs Root length, cm Plant height, cm Average height cm one 0.25 9 17.4 33,2 26.1 2 2,5 9 17.4 33,2 26.1 3 25 6 18.6 32.9 27.1 four 250 6 17.8 34.9 29th 5 The control 8 fourteen 29.7 23.7 NDS _0.5 1.3 2 1.8 2

On the 19th day of observation, the experiment was withdrawn. In addition to measuring the length of the stem, we measured the roots (Table 2). On average, the longest stems were noted in the fourth experiment. In all experiments, the stem height exceeded the control by 3-5 cm.

It should be noted that when taking the results, they paid attention to other features. For example, in the 4th experiment, a large number of lateral roots was observed. In the 2nd experiment, in comparison with other options, the most green, juicy and full stems were noticed. When taking the experiment, the weight of the dried roots and stems was also determined.

Table 3 Experience number The concentration of DV biological product, mg / l Weight of stems, g Weight of roots, g Total biomass weight in grams in% of control one 0.25 1,53 1,6 3.13 99.7 2 2,5 2.03 1.75 3.78 120 3 25 1.82 1.77 3,59 114 four 250 2.19 3.08 5.27 168 5 The control 1.26 1.88 3.14 one hundred

As a result of experiments conducted on the cultivation of oat seeds in vegetation vessels, it was found that the biological product "VERVA" has a positive effect on plant growth. All doses of the drug stimulated the growth and formation of the stem compared to the control. The best effect is evident in the experiment with a DV concentration of 250 mg / L - 68% higher than the control, and in the 2nd experiment (concentration 2.5 mg / L) 20% higher than the control. Both doses had a positive effect on the development and growth of the stem. The control experiment in all respects lags behind the drug.

For several years, the effect of the VERVA biological product on the growth, development, disease resistance, and productivity of the Detskoselsky variety potato was studied. Phenological observations showed that for all years of testing during the treatment of tubers with a biological product, full seedlings were noted 1-2 days earlier than the control. The results of biometric measurements during the growing season are shown in table 4.

Table 4 Experience number Dosage of DV biological product, g / ha The height of the stems, cm The number of stems, pcs / bush The number of tubers in the bush, pcs. Budding phase Flowering phase one 0.5 38.8 44.8 3.6 8.2 2 5 41,4 47.5 4.0 8.8 3 10 39.1 46.2 3,7 8.3 four The control 36.5 42.9 3.4 8.0

The test results of the biological product on potato crops showed that the treatment of tubers and plants during the growing season contributed to a significant increase in early yield by 12-20% and the total yield by 15-20%. For comparison, the data on the processing of potatoes with the Silk preparation are given (Table 5).

Table 5 Dosage of the drug DV, g / ha Productivity on the 65th day Harvesting period t / ha % to control t / ha % to control 0.5 26,4 117 34.5 118 5 26.9 120 35.0 120 10 25.1 112 34.0 116 Silk - 10 26.5 118 34.6 118 The control 22.5 one hundred 29.0 one hundred

It should be noted that during the years of testing, meteorological conditions during the growing season were unfavorable. In 2000, the average temperature and humidity were below normal, in 2001 there was hot and dry weather, the rainfall shortfall was 65%. In 2002, the average May temperature was only 2 ° С, which is 8 ° С lower than the norm, heat shortage in August was 29.3%, precipitation was 23.7 mm higher than the norm. Moreover, the test results showed a significant increase in potato yields. So, in 2002, the early yield was 132% compared with the control.

Studies have found that treating potatoes with a biological product has reduced the incidence of disease in potatoes. In 2001-2003, during the growing season, no damage by late blight, rhizoctoniosis and ring rot was noted. Chemical analysis of tubers showed that the use of a biological product does not affect the quality of potatoes. Nitrates are present within the permissible concentration (MPC 310 mg / kg) (Table 6).

Table 6 Experience number Dosage of DV biological product, g / ha Dry matter% Sugar,% Nitrates, mg / kg Starch,% one 0.5 22.6 0.9 73,4 17.9 2 5 21.9 0.9 86.3 14,4 3 10 22.6 0.8 104.0 14.0 four The control 21.0 0.9 119.0 15,5

In 2002 and 2003, observations were made during the period of winter storage of potatoes. An analysis of the results showed that treatment with a biological product reduced the loss of tubers from diseases by 0.5-0.7% (Table 7).

Table 7 Experience number Total losses,% Natural decline, % Loss from disease dry rot,% late blight,% scab,% one 8.7 7.6 0.2 0.1 0.8 2 8.5 7.6 0.2 0.4 0.3 3 8.5 7.6 0.2 - 0.7 The control 9.0 7.6 0.2 0.2 1,0

According to the results of tests on potatoes, it can be concluded that the most optimal growth-promoting doses of the biological product are 0.5 and 5 g / ha.

Carrots occupy the first place among root crops in the northern regions, including the Komi Republic. Tests of the biological product on the crops of carrots of the variety "Nandrin" were carried out for several years.

Phenological observations showed that the onset of beam maturity in carrots treated with Verva was earlier than the control, the difference was from 2 to 5 days, and before the onset of technical maturity, development progressed at the same pace, the data are shown in Table 8 .

Table 8 Experience number Dosage of the drug DV, g / ha Number of leaves The length of the root, cm The diameter of the root crop, cm The weight of the root crop, g Weight of aboveground mass, g one 0.6 7.6 14.3 1.9 30,2 17,2 2 6 7.5 14,4 1.9 31.8 18.8 3 12 7.1 14.7 2.0 33.3 18.2 four The control 6.8 13.6 1.8 28.8 15.8

Biometric measurements of root crops were carried out in the phases of bundle and technical maturity. The use of a biological product positively affected leafiness, size and weight of root crops. By the time of beam maturity, all treated plants had, in comparison with the control, small changes in the direction of increasing the length and diameter of the root crop. A more intensive growth of root crops was observed in plants treated with dose 3. Biometric indicators in the phase of technical maturity of root crops of carrots of the Nandrin variety treated with the biological preparation Verva are given in Table 9.

Table 9 Experience number Dosage of the drug DV, g / ha The diameter of the root crop, cm The length of the root, cm The weight of the root crop, g Weight of aboveground mass, g The mass increase of the root crop from bundle to technical maturity, g one 0.6 3.6 19.1 119.1 33,4 88.9 2 6 4.0 19.7 135.7 38.8 103.8 3 12 3.9 19.8 130.2 35.5 96.9 four The control 3.4 17.0 112.1 32.1 83.3

During the period of technical maturity (Table 9), the largest average diameter and root length were noted in the second and third versions. As a result, in these experiments, the plants formed larger root crops, which is 16-21% higher than the control. Over the period from the beam phase to the phase of technical maturity, the mass of the root crop increased 4 times, and the mass of the tops only 2 times, i.e. the root crop is formed mainly due to tops, grown to the phase of beam maturity.

The increase in the mass of root crops of carrots of the Nandrin variety treated with a biological product positively affected the yield (Table 10). A more intensive growth of root crops in the second and third experiments ensured the highest yield of 63.6-64.9 t / ha, which is almost 20% higher than the control variant.

Table 10 Experience number Dosage of the drug DV, g / ha Early productivity (on 10.08-15.08) Total harvest Marketability,% t / ha % to control t / ha % to control one 0.6 17.3 114.2 57.4 105.7 92.3 2 6 18.2 122.1 64.9 119.2 91.2 3 12 18.9 122.3 63.6 118.3 83.9 four The control 15.3 one hundred 54.3 one hundred 82.7

No damage to carrot plants by diseases and pests was found. By the chemical composition of root crops of carrots of the Nandrin variety treated with a biological product (Table 11), an increase in sugar content of 0.6% was observed in the second experiment, the content of vitamin C was at the control level, a slight decrease in dry matter by 0.2-0, 3% According to the carotene content, a very important indicator for carrots, an increase of 2.7-3 mg% was observed.

According to the test results for carrots, we can conclude that the most optimal for processing is a dose of 6 g / ha.

Table 11 Experience number Dosage of the drug DV, g / ha Dry matter% Vitamin C, mg% Sugar,% Carotene, mg% one 0.6 9,4 3.3 4.6 11.3 2 6 9.5 3.3 5,0 11.0 3 12 9.5 3.2 4,5 11.2 four The control 9.7 3.2 4.4 8.3

For several years, the biological product was tested on the plantings of white cabbage of the Krautman F ₁ variety.

Biometric indicators of Krautman F ₁ cabbage in the phase of mass setting of head of cabbage (Table 12) showed that all plants treated with the biological product had a slight increase in stem length and stem diameter compared to the control.

Table 12 Experience number Dosage of the drug DV, g / ha Stem length, cm Stem diameter, cm Number of leaves Outlet diameter, cm one 0.08 3.0 1.7 17 59.6 2 0.8 2,8 1.65 16 60.5 3 1,6 3.0 1.7 17 60.0 four The control 2.6 1,5 16 57.3

Biometric measurements when harvesting technically ripe heads of cabbage (Table 13) showed that in all cases a slight increase in the height and diameter of the head was observed. The largest (2.8 kg, which is 30% higher than the control) cabbages formed plants treated with a dose of 2. These plants also produced the highest yield of 50.1 t / ha (Table 14), 22% more than in control.

Table 13 Experience number Dosage of the drug DV, g / ha Head height, cm Head diameter, cm Weight of head of cabbage, kg Head density, score one 0.08 17.3 17.5 2.7 4.8 2 0.8 18.0 18.0 2,8 4.7 3 1,6 17.5 17.1 2,5 4.7 four The control 17.1 17.0 2.1 4.6

The yield and quality of white cabbage grade "Krautman F ₁ " depending on the processing of biological products are shown in tables 14 and 15.

Table 14 Experience number Dosage of DV biological product, g / ha Productivity, t / ha % to control Commodity heads,% one 0.08 48,2 118 91.8 2 0.8 50.1 122 91.3 3 1,6 47.3 116 92.3 four The control 40.9 one hundred 85.8 NDS _0.5 2.9

Table 15 Experience number Dosage of DV biological product, g / ha Dry matter% Vitamin C, mg% Sugar,% one 0.08 6.9 29.7 3,5 2 0.8 7.3 30,4 3,5 3 1,6 7.1 29.3 3.4 four The control 6.9 29.2 3.4

It should be noted that in adverse weather conditions in 2000 (cold weather in May, no rainfall from June 19 to July 25, a sharp cooling in August and insufficient rainfall in September), cabbage yield amounted to 200% of the control, and the weight of heads of cabbage was 2 times higher compared to control.

The chemical composition of white cabbage (Table 15) showed a slight increase in the dry matter content. Vitamin C and sugar are close to control. The nitrate content did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC 500 mg / kg) and ranged from 192.0 to 383.0 mg / kg.

According to the results of tests on cabbage, we can conclude that the most optimal is the dose of a biological product of 0.8 g / ha.

The biological product was also tested on crops of perennial herbs. In 1999, the seed productivity of meadow clover was 2-5 times higher due to an increase in the number of seeds and their weight by 10-12% compared with the control.

Thus, the VERVA biological product enhances the immunostimulating and growth-stimulating activity of plants, at low concentrations it has an effective complex effect on the plant - it accelerates the ripening process, increases the yield of vegetables, reduces the incidence of vegetables by diseases, does not affect the quality of vegetables.

Claims (1)

Plant growth regulator with fungicidal action "VERVA" based on wood fir green, including the active substance in the form of water-soluble salts of triterpene acids, characterized in that it contains a mixture of sodium or potassium salt of triterpene acids and neutral components of needles in a ratio of 1: 0 , 1-0.2, respectively, in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Active substance 0,025-25 Aqueous alkaline solution Rest

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