RU2346421C2 - Method for stimulation of garden carrot growth - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method implies treatment of seeds and vegetative plants with biologically active substance. Varve preparation obtained by emulsion extraction of abies tree greens, which contains acidic and neutral needle components, is used as biologically active substance. Pre-seeding treatment of seeds implies 24-hour soaking in aqueous solution of the said preparation in concentration of 0.2-2.0 mg/l, two days before seeding. Vegetative plants are treated by spraying with 20-40 mg/l preparation solution during 3-4 true leaves phase and during initial phase of root forming; consumption rate is 400 l/ha.

EFFECT: shorter period of seedling emergence, earlier bunch carrot harvest, shorter period of vegetation, increase in carrot productivity, improved root quality due to increased content of sugars and carotene.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in the cultivation of dining carrots.

An urgent task when growing carrots is to increase productivity and environmentally friendly commercial products. To solve this problem, a variety of plant growth regulators are used in agricultural production.

Growth, the formation of new organs and other major physiological processes of plants are determined by the hormonal regulation system. However, the synthesis and production of phytohormones proved to be economically ineffective. This led to the creation of their natural analogues - plant growth regulators. Among them, one can distinguish the biologically active drug SILK, which has found wide application in agricultural production and in private farming.

A known method of growing rice [RF Patent No. 2108707], including a one-time seed treatment with SILK dose of 1.25-2.5 g per 1 ton or plants in the tillering phase with a dose of 20.0-40.0 g / ha.

A known method of stimulating the growth and development of oilseeds [RF Patent No. 2121272], where the SILK preparation is used in various doses on sunflower and cotton.

A known method of obtaining a biologically active amount of triterpenic acids from fir bark [RF Patent No. 2061487], including stimulating the growth of tomatoes, cucumbers and tobacco.

There is a method of protecting potatoes and vegetables from diseases [RF Patent No. 2083111], chosen by us for the prototype, including the processing of potatoes, beans, onions, cabbage and tomato biologically active substance SILK in a dose of 4-10 g / ha for the active substance.

In the above methods, including and the prototype, an environmentally friendly SILK preparation is used, which is the sum of triterpenic acids isolated from green fir, which allows to increase the yield and quality of some crops.

The disadvantages of the prototype is the lack of experimentally selected optimal dose of SILK for processing seeds and crops of carrots, not enough high stimulating activity, as well as the significant complexity of manufacturing the drug SILK. The technology of extraction processing of fir green wood in the manufacture of SILK consists in the extraction of biologically active substances from crushed raw materials with organic solvents. The drawback of extraction with organic solvents is their fire hazard and toxicity.

The SILK analogue closest in technical solution is a fir product made from fir needles produced at the Institute of Chemistry of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences [Sanitary and Epidemiological Conclusion No. 77.99.28.929.A000218.09.05 of September 14, 2005]. The brand name of the drug is Verva.

The new Varva biological product is obtained by the emulsion method of extracting low molecular weight components from plant materials. The method includes processing chopped wood green fir 0.5-20% aqueous solution of hydroxide or 1-20% aqueous solution of alkali metal carbonate in the ratio of raw materials: extractant - 1: 5-12, followed by separation of the solid fraction. In the process of extraction, the formation of water-soluble salts of tar and higher fatty acids contained in the needles of fir. Salts of resin acids are surfactants. Salts of higher fatty acids are micelle forming compounds. Micelles formed during processing solubilize, i.e. dissolve non-polar lipids of woody greens. In the process of processing, the needles are simultaneously saponified with an alkaline extractant and the neutral components are emulsified in a water-alkaline or water-carbonate solution of salts. Based on mass transfer processes, an oil-in-water emulsion is formed in the reaction suspension. At the end of the processing process, the emulsion is filtered. The relative density of the emulsion is 1.04-1.06 (20 ° C). The optimal conditions for the isolation of acidic components (70%) from fir green wood were selected, which made it possible to isolate extractives by 20–40% more compared to the method for obtaining SILK. The Verva biological product, unlike the SILK preparation, also contains neutral (monoterpenoids, polyprenols, carotenoids) components. The main advantage of the new Verva preparation method is that fire hazardous and toxic organic substances are not used to isolate extractives from woody greens. In this case, the degree of extraction of extractive substances increases in comparison with gasoline extraction by 1.5-1.8 times. For emulsion extraction, there is no need for preliminary drying of the raw material, in contrast to extraction with organic solvents.

The chemical composition of the active part of the drug is a mixture of sodium salts of triterpenic acids of the general formula C ₃₀ H ₄₆ O ₄ isolated from green wood of fir by emulsion extraction. The preparative form is an aqueous emulsion, a concentration of 0.2% (2 g / l). Verva biological product belongs to natural biologically active substances (BAS) and is intended for use as a means of stimulating growth and protecting plants from infection.

Physico-chemical properties of the biological product (fungicide and plant growth stimulator): a dark brown emulsion, unlimitedly soluble in water, does not have a negative effect on the skin and does not irritate the mucous membranes, odorless. The biological product is not combustible, not explosive. In aqueous solutions, stable at temperatures up to 60 °. Environmentally friendly product, harmless to humans and animals, with a complex effect on plants and high efficiency at low consumption.

In 2006, the Verva preparation passed state registration and is approved for practical use.

The objective of the present invention is the use of a new highly effective natural biological product Verva (an analogue of the SILK preparation) in order to reduce the emergence period, as well as increase the productivity and quality of table carrots. This is the technical result.

The technical result is achieved in that a method of stimulating the growth and development of canteen carrots, including treating the seeds before sowing and vegetative plants with a biologically active substance, wherein Verva drug extracted from green wood of fir using emulsion extraction containing acidic and neutral is used as a biologically active substance components of needles, characterized in that the processing of seeds before sowing is carried out by soaking in an aqueous solution of a drug with a concentration of 0.2-2.0 mg / l echenie 24 hours in two days before planting, the treatment of growing plants is carried out by spraying the drug with the concentration of 20-40 mg / L in the phase of 3-4 true leaves and a phase of the start of formation of root crops at a rate of 400 l / ha.

The method is as follows.

Carrot seeds are soaked in an aqueous solution of Verva preparation for 24 hours 2 days before sowing at a concentration of 0.2-2.0 mg / l, with a working solution consumption rate of 300 l per 1 ton of seeds (1 l per 3 kg of hectare norm of seeds) , which corresponds to a dose of 0.06-0.6 g / t of seeds (or 0.12-1.2 mg / t of seeds by AI).

Vegetable carrot plants grown according to traditional technology are treated with the drug in the phase of 3-4 real leaves, and then at the beginning of the formation of root crops at a concentration of 20-40 mg / l, with a working solution consumption rate of 400 l / ha, which corresponds to a dose of 8- 16 g / ha (or 0.016-0.032 g / ha a.a.)

The proposed method allows to increase productivity by 18.3-19.2% (when spraying with SILK by 11.2%) and improve the quality of root crops by increasing the content of Sugars and carotene. Presowing seed treatment of carrots with Verva biological product reduces the period of emergence of seedlings in comparison with the control by 8-11 days. Interphase periods according to the experimental variants decreased by 2–4 days, which made it possible to obtain bundle production earlier and reduce the growing season.

It has been experimentally established that when spraying carrot plants, low concentrations of the drug (less than 20 mg / l) are not effective enough, and high doses of the drug (more than 2 mg / l) when the seeds are soaked act depressingly on the plants.

Field plot tests were carried out at the State Unitary Enterprise OPH Severnoye NIPTI AIC of the Komi Republic. Used the Dutch hybrid Nandrin F ₁ . The soil is sod-podzolic, well-cultivated. The temperature conditions during the years of research as a whole were characteristic of the Komi Republic. Soil preparation, sowing and plant care during the growing season were carried out according to the technology developed for this zone.

Before sowing, the sowing qualities of carrot seeds (germination energy and germination) were checked. For this, the seeds were kept for 24 hours in aqueous solutions of Verva preparation with a concentration of 0.2; 2.0 and 20.0 mg / l, which corresponded to a dose of 0.06; 0.6 and 6.0 g / t of seeds (or 0.12; 1.2 and 12.0 mg per 1 t of seeds for the active substance). Then the seeds were germinated in Petri dishes at room temperature in 4 replicates of 100 pieces, their germination energy and germination were determined. The control was seeds treated with water. The reference was SILK at a concentration of 20 mg / L.

The effect of treating carrot seeds with different doses of Verva biological product on germination energy and germination is shown in Table 1. The data obtained indicate that presowing treatment with Verva drug with a concentration of 0.2-2.0 mg / l increases germination energy and germination in comparison with the control by 6.7-4.7 and 1.5-2.0%, respectively, 56.9-54.9, instead of 50.2% and 76.6-77.1, instead of 75.1%; at the same time, SILK increases these indicators only by 0.8 and 0.3%. With an increase in the concentration of the drug Verva to 20 mg / l or more, inhibition of growth processes was observed.

When sowing carrot seeds into the soil, pre-sowing seed treatment with Verva preparation with a concentration of 0.2-2.0 mg / l contributed to the change in the rate of seed germination and increased their germination. The sprouting period compared to control decreased by 8-11 days. The duration of the interphase periods “seedlings - the beginning of beam maturity” and “the beginning of beam maturity - the onset of technical ripeness” decreased by 2-4 days, which made it easier to control weeds and accelerate the ripening of the crop.

Spraying vegetative carrot plants was carried out twice: in the phase of 3-4 real leaves, and then at the beginning of the formation of root crops. Plants were treated with an aqueous solution of Verva at a concentration of 2, 20 and 40 mg / l, which corresponds to a dose of 0.8; 8.0 and 16.0 g / ha for the preparation (or 0.0016; 0.016 and 0.032 g / ha for aa) with a consumption rate of 400 l / ha. The control used pure water. For comparison, carrot plants were treated with SILK biological product at a concentration of 20 mg / L. Four repetition. The results are presented in tables 2-4.

From these tables it can be seen that according to the proposed method, the biological preparation Verva exhibits growth-promoting activity in the concentration range of 20-40 mg / L. Treatment with Verva in this range had a significant impact on biometric parameters: average weight, diameter and root length (Table 2). When using Verv in a concentration of 20-40 mg / l, the weight of one root crop increased by 21.1 and 16.2 in comparison with the control; diameter - by 17.5 and 14.7; length - by 15.9 and 16.5%. SILK increases these indicators by 11.6; 11.8 and 8.8%, respectively.

The accelerated growth and development of plants under the action of Verva treatments at a concentration of 20-40 mg / l significantly affected the increase in the productivity of table carrots and the marketability of root crops (Table 3). The use of the Verva preparation at a concentration of 20-40 mg / l made it possible to obtain 64.9-63.6 t / ha of root crops, which is 10.6 and 9.3 t / ha higher than the control; when treated with SILK - by 6.3 t / ha. Lower concentrations of the aqueous solution of the Verva preparation do not lead to a significant increase in the yield of carrots, therefore, are not economically feasible.

Damage to carrot plants by diseases and pests was not found. The fungicidal effect of the use of biological products was manifested visually, in the form of a more saturated dark green color of the leaves on the treated plants.

Treatment with Verva at a concentration of 20-40 mg / l allowed us to improve the biochemical composition of carrots (Table 4). There was an increase in the number of sugars compared to the control (by 0.6 and 0.1%) and carotene in root crops (by 2.7 and 2.9 mg /%).

Thus, the optimal parameters for using the Verva biological product are presowing soaking of carrot seeds at a concentration of 0.2-2.0 mg / l, mainly 0.2 mg / l (0.06 g / t of seeds) and 2-fold spraying of plants over a period vegetation in a concentration of 20-40 mg / l, mainly 20 mg / l (8 g / ha).

Using the proposed method will allow, in comparison with the known method, to shorten the period of emergence of seedlings, to obtain bundle production earlier and to reduce the growing season, increase carrot yield, improve the quality of root crops.

Table 1.
The effect of the biological preparation Varva on the sowing qualities of carrot seeds Biological product, solution concentration, mg / l Germination energy,% Germination,% Water
Verva
Verva
Verva
SILK
NDS ₀₅ The control
0.2
2.0
20,0
20,0 50,2
56.9
54.9
52.0
51.0
4.3 75.1
76.6
77.1
75.5
75,4
1,5

Table 2.
The effect of Verv's biological product on the biometric indicators of root crops in the phase of technical ripeness Biological product, solution concentration, mg / l The weight of the root crop, g The diameter of the root crop, cm The length of the root, cm Water
Verva
Verva
Verva
SILK
NDS ₀₅ The control
2
twenty
40
twenty 112.1
119.1
135.7
130.2
125.1
11.5 3.4
3.6
4.0
3.9
3.8
0.2 17.0
19.1
19.7
19.8
18.5
0.7

Table 3.
The effect of Verv's biological product on the productivity of carrot root crops Biological product, concentration
solution, mg / l Productivity, t / ha % To control Marketability,% Water
Verva
Verva
Verva
SILK
NDS ₀₅ The control
2
twenty
40
twenty 54.3
57.4
64.9
63.6
60.6
4.6 100.0
105.7
119.2
118.3
111.4 82.7
92.3
91.2
83.9
85.1
7.3

Table 4.
The effect of the biological product Verva on the chemical composition of root crops Biological product, solution concentration, mg / l Dry matter% Sugar,% Carotene, mg /% Water
Verva
Verva
Verva
SILK
NDS ₀₅ The control
2
twenty
40
twenty 9.7
9,4
9.5
9.5
9.3 4.4
4.6
5,0
4,5
4,5
0.2 8.3
11.3
11.0
11,2
9.1
1.8

Claims (1)

A method of stimulating the growth and development of canteen carrots, including treating the seeds before sowing and vegetative plants with a biologically active substance, wherein the biologically active substance is the Verva preparation, extracted from woody fir fir by the method of emulsion extraction, containing acidic and neutral components of needles, characterized in that the treatment of seeds before sowing is carried out by soaking in an aqueous solution of a drug with a concentration of 0.2-2.0 mg / l for 24 hours two days before sowing, processing in vegetative plants, they are carried out by spraying with a drug with a concentration of 20-40 mg / l in the phase of 3-4 real leaves and in the phase of the beginning of the formation of root crops at a flow rate of 400 l / ha.