RU2335876C1 - Method for growth stimulation and growth of white cabbage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes seed treatment before planting and vegetative plants treatment with biologically active substance; thereat use Verva preparation taken from wood greenery of fir in the way of emulsive extraction as biologically active substance, treating the seeds in dose of 0.06 g per 1 ton. Then treat the plants, after planting out, in 6-7 leaves stage and mass blossom of cabbage head in dose of 8 g per hectare. Besides, water solution of Verva preparation is used with concentration of 0.2 mg/l at norm of the expense 300 l/t seeds for seed treatment, and for treatment of vegetative plants - with concentration of 20 mg/l and 400 l/hectare consumption rate.

EFFECT: invention allows to raise productivity of white cabbage; to lower percent of plant diseases cases; to raise crop production and to improve quality of production.

1 dwg, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used to increase the productivity of white cabbage.

White cabbage takes a leading place among vegetable crops; therefore, increasing the yield and vitality of plants in extreme climatic conditions (especially in the northern region of Russia) is an urgent task when growing this crop. To solve this problem, biologically active substances (BAS) are used in agricultural production, which not only increase crop yields, but also, which is just as important, reduce the pesticidal load and obtain environmentally friendly products.

Scientists have always been attracted to the integrated use of forest resources as a source of renewable raw materials. Along with turpentine, rosin extracted from conifers, these plants are the richest source of other chemical compounds with a wide spectrum of biological activity. Fir wood, in particular, is a rich source of raw materials for medicines and agriculture. Among them, the biologically active drug SILK (Novosil) can be distinguished from green fir, which positively affects the stimulation of the immune potential of plants.

A known method of growing rice [RF Patent No. 2108707], including a one-time seed treatment with SILK dose of 1.25-2.5 g per 1 ton or plants in the tillering phase with a dose of 20.0-40.0 g / ha.

A known method of stimulating the growth and development of oilseeds [RF Patent No. 2121272], where the SILK preparation is used in various doses on sunflower and cotton.

A known method of obtaining a biologically active amount of triterpenic acids from fir bark [RF Patent No. 2061487], including stimulating the growth of tomato, cucumber and tobacco.

There is a method of protecting potatoes and vegetables from diseases [RF Patent No. 2083111], selected by us for the prototype, including the processing of potatoes, beans, onions, cabbage and tomato biologically active substance SILK in a dose of 4-10 g / ha for the active substance.

In the above methods, including and prototype, the drug is used SILK. The active principle of this preparation is a mixture of triterpenic acids extracted from Siberian fir needles. The drug has a pronounced growth-promoting effect, tested on many vegetable crops, including cabbage.

The disadvantages of the prototype is the relatively low growth-promoting activity of the drug SILK, as well as the significant complexity of manufacturing the drug. SILK is used in high concentrations on white cabbage.

The SILK analogue closest in technical solution is a biological product from fir needles produced at the Institute of Chemistry of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The brand name of the drug is Verva. The drug was successfully tested and received a positive conclusion from Rostekhnadzor and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation [Sanitary and epidemiological conclusion No. 77.99.28.929.A00218.09.05 from 09/14/05]. The drug Verva is not inferior, and often surpasses the drug SILK in its activity.

The new Varva biological product is obtained by the emulsion method of extracting low molecular weight components from plant materials. The method includes processing chopped wood green fir 0.5-20% aqueous solution of hydroxide or 1-20% aqueous solution of alkali metal carbonate in the ratio of raw materials: extractant 1: 5-12, followed by separation of the solid fraction. In the process of extraction, the formation of water-soluble salts of tar and higher fatty acids contained in the needles of fir. Salts of resin acids are surfactants. Salts of higher fatty acids are micelle forming compounds. Micelles formed during processing solubilize, i.e. dissolve non-polar lipids of woody greens. In the process of processing, the needles are simultaneously saponified with an alkaline extractant and the neutral components are emulsified in a water-alkaline or water-carbonate solution of salts. Based on mass transfer processes, an oil-in-water emulsion is formed in the reaction suspension. At the end of the processing process, the emulsion is filtered. The relative density of the emulsion is 1.04-1.06 (20 ° C). The optimal conditions for the selection of acidic components (70%) from fir green wood were selected, which made it possible to isolate extractives by 20–40% more compared to the method for preparing SILK. The Verva biological product, unlike the SILK preparation, also contains neutral (monoterpenoids, polyprenols, carotenoids) components. The main advantage of the new Verva preparation method is that fire hazardous and toxic organic substances are not used to extract extractive substances from woody greens. In this case, the degree of extraction of extractive substances increases in comparison with gasoline extraction by 1.5-1.8 times. For emulsion extraction, there is no need for preliminary drying of the raw material, in contrast to extraction with organic solvents.

The chemical composition of the active part of the drug is a mixture of sodium salts of triterpenic acids with the general formula C ₃₀ H ₄₆ O ₄ isolated from woody fir fir by emulsion extraction. The preparative form is an aqueous emulsion, a concentration of 0.2% (2 g / l). Verva biological product belongs to natural biologically active substances (BAS) and is intended as a means of stimulating growth and protecting plants from infection.

Physico-chemical properties of the biological product (fungicide and plant growth stimulator): dark brown liquid, unlimitedly soluble in water, does not have a negative effect on the skin and does not irritate the mucous membranes, with a pleasant coniferous smell. The biological product is not combustible, not explosive. In aqueous solutions, stable at temperatures up to 60 °. Environmentally friendly product, harmless to humans and animals, as upon receipt of it, organic solvents are not used. The drug has a complex effect on plants and high efficiency at low consumption.

In 2006, the drug Verva passed a state audit, is approved for practical use.

The objective of the present invention is the use of a new highly effective natural biological product Verva (an analogue of the SILK preparation) on white cabbage in order to obtain high-quality seedlings, as well as increase resistance to harmful organisms, productivity and product quality.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of stimulating the growth and development of white cabbage, including treating the seeds before sowing and vegetating plants with a biologically active substance, according to the invention, the Verva preparation, extracted from woody fir fir by the method of emulsion extraction, which processes the seeds, is used as a biologically active substance in a dose of 0.06 g per 1 ton, and then plants after transplanting seedlings in open ground in the phase of 6-7 leaves and mass setting of head of cabbage at a dose of 8 g / ha. In addition, an aqueous solution of the Verva preparation with a concentration of 0.2 mg / l at a rate of 300 l / t of seeds is used for seed treatment, and for the treatment of vegetative plants with a concentration of 20 mg / l at a rate of 400 l / ha.

The method is as follows.

Cabbage seeds are soaked in an aqueous solution of Verva preparation for 12 hours a day before sowing at a concentration of 0.2 mg / l, at a rate of working solution consumption of 300 l per 1 ton of seeds (0.3 l per 1 kg of seeds), which corresponds to the dose of the drug 0.06 g / t of seeds (or 0.12 mg / t of seeds according to AI).

After planting seedlings of cabbage in open ground, plants grown by traditional technology are treated with the drug in a phase of 6-7 leaves, and then in a phase of mass setting of a head of cabbage at a concentration of 20 mg / l, at a rate of consumption of a working solution of 400 l / ha, which corresponds to a dose the drug is 8 g / ha (or 0.016 g / ha a.a.).

The proposed method allows to increase productivity by 23.7% (when spraying with SILK by 16.3%) and to improve the quality of marketable products by reducing the susceptibility of cabbage plants to pests and diseases and to increase the content of sugars and vitamin C. in cabbages. Presowing treatment of cabbage seeds with Verva biological product allows you to increase the energy of germination and germination of seeds, to reduce the incidence of seedlings of the black leg.

Field plot tests were carried out in 2000-2003. in the State Unitary Enterprise OPH "Severnoye" NIPTI AIC of the Republic of Komi. Used zoned Dutch hybrid Krautman F ₁ . The soil is sod-podzolic, well-cultivated. The temperature conditions during the years of research as a whole were characteristic of the Komi Republic. Soil preparation, sowing and plant care during the growing season were carried out according to the technology developed for this zone.

Before sowing, the sowing qualities of cabbage seeds (germination energy and germination) were checked. For this, the seeds were kept for 12 hours in aqueous solutions of Verva preparation with a concentration of 0.2; 2.0; 20.0; 40.0 and 200.0 mg / l, which corresponded to a dose of 0.06; 0.6; 6.0; 12.0 and 60.0 g / t of seeds (or 0.12; 1.2; 12.0; 24.0 and 120.0 mg per 1 t of seeds for the active substance). Then the seeds were germinated in Petri dishes at room temperature in 4 replicates of 100 pieces, their germination energy and germination were determined. The control was seeds treated with water. The reference was SILK at a concentration of 20 mg / L.

The effect of the treatment of cabbage seeds with various doses of the Verva biological product on the germination energy and germination is shown in the drawing. Treatment of cabbage seeds with the lowest dose of Verva preparation (0.2 mg / l) increased the germination energy 2.5 times; seed germination increased slightly and reached 94% (in the control of 90.5%). With an increase in the concentration of the Verva preparation to 20 mg / l or more, inhibition of growth processes, especially germination energy, was observed.

The results obtained in our work show that pre-sowing treatment of cabbage seeds with Verva preparation in the optimal dose (0.06 g / t) promotes a change in the rate of seed germination and increases their germination. The period of emergence of seedlings compared with the control was reduced by 1-2 days. Seedlings obtained from the treated seeds with the Verva preparation were not damaged by the black leg. By the time of transplanting into the open ground, such seedlings had the best indicators (plant height, stem width, number of leaves) in comparison with the control and had a good survival rate.

After planting seedlings of cabbage in open ground, spraying was carried out in the phase of 6-7 leaves and mass setting of head of cabbage. Plants were treated with an aqueous solution of Verva at a concentration of 2, 20 and 40 mg / l, which corresponds to a dose of 0.8; 8.0 and 16.0 g / ha for the preparation (or 0.0016; 0.016 and 0.032 g / ha for aa) at a consumption rate of 400 l / ha. The control used pure water. For comparison, cabbage plants were treated with SILK biological product at a concentration of 20 mg / L. Four repetition. The results are presented in tables 1-4.

From these tables it can be seen that according to the proposed method, the drug Verva exhibits growth-stimulating activity at a concentration of 20 mg / L. Treatment with Verva had a significant effect on the head of cabbage (Table 1). The mass of head of cabbage ranged from 2.1 to 2.9 kg. The largest (2.9 kg, which is 38.1% higher than the control) heads formed the plants treated with the Verva preparation at a dose of 20 mg / L. SILK increases this indicator by 14.3%. In all cases, the treated plants showed a slight increase in the density and diameter of the head of cabbage.

No pests were detected. From the data of table 2 it can be seen that plants treated with concentrations of 20-40 mg / l turned out to be resistant to diseases. A decrease in the percentage of affected plants under the influence of drugs leads to an increase in productivity and product quality.

From table 3 it is seen that a more significant increase in yield was observed under the influence of treatment with Verva drug at a concentration of 20 mg / L. The use of the drug Verva in this concentration allowed to obtain 50.6 t / ha of heads of cabbage, which is higher than the control by 9.7 t / ha; when processing SIL-Com - by 3.0 t / ha. Lower concentrations of the aqueous solution of the Verva preparation do not lead to a significant increase in cabbage yield, therefore, are not economically feasible. Marketability significantly increased on all plants treated with Verva.

Treatment with Verva at a concentration of 20 mg / l improved the biochemical composition of cabbage heads (Table 4). There was an increase in solids to 7.3%, vitamin C to 30.4 mg% and sugar to 3.5%, compared with the control.

Thus, the optimal parameter for using the Verva biological product is presowing soaking of cabbage seeds at a concentration of 0.2 mg / l (0.06 g / t of seeds) and 2-fold spraying of plants during the growing season at a concentration of 20 mg / l (8 g / ha )

Using the proposed method will allow, in comparison with the known method, to obtain healthy high-quality seedlings of cabbage, reduce the percentage of diseases of plants, increase productivity and improve product quality.

Table 1. The effect of Verva on biometric indicators when harvesting technically ripe heads of cabbage Biological product, solution concentration, mg / l Head diameter, cm The length of the inner poker, cm Width of internal stoker, cm Weight of head of cabbage, kg Head density, score Water The control 17.0 8.1 4.1 2.1 4.6 Verva 2 17.5 8.1 4.2 2,4 4.8 Verva twenty 17.9 9.0 4.2 2.9 4.7 Verva 40 17,2 8.2 4.2 2.6 4.7 SILK twenty 17.5 8.9 4.1 2,4 4.7 NDS ₀₅ 1.7 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.4 Table 2. The effect of the drug Verva on the susceptibility of pests and diseases of cabbage Biological product, solution concentration, mg / l % healthy heads The degree of damage and resistance on an immunological scale from 1 to 9 points defeat sustainability Water The control 81.5 3 5 Verva 2 90.3 one 7 Verva twenty 100.0 one 9 Verva 40 95.7 one 9 SILK twenty 99.7 one 9 Note: 1-very weak (up to 9 - very high 10%) 7 - high 3 - weak (up to 25%) 5 - medium 5 - average (up to 50%) 3 - weak

Table 3. The effect of the drug Verva on the yield of cabbage Biological product, solution concentration, mg / l Productivity, t / ha % To control Marketability,% Water The control 40.9 100.0 86.1 Verva 2 45.5 111.3 91.8 Verva twenty 50.6 123.7 91.4 Verva 40 49.6 121.3 91.6 SILK twenty 47.6 116.3 89.2 Hcp ₀₅ 7.8 4.8 Table 4. The effect of the drug Verva on the chemical composition of heads of cabbage Biological product, solution concentration, mg / l Dry matter% Vitamin C, mg% Sugar,% Water The control 6.9 29.2 3.4 Verva 2 6.9 28.8 3.4 Verva twenty 7.3 30,4 3,5 Verva 40 7.0 30.1 3,5 SILK twenty 7.0 30.1 3.4 NDS ₀₅ 0.4 2.6 0.3

Claims (2)

1. A method of stimulating the growth and development of white cabbage, including treating the seeds before sowing and vegetative plants with a biologically active substance, characterized in that the Verva preparation extracted from the woody fir fir by the method of emulsion extraction, which processes the seeds at a dose of 0, is used as a biologically active substance , 06 g per 1 ton, and then plants after transplanting seedlings in open ground in the phase of 6-7 leaves and mass setting of heads of cabbage at a dose of 8 g / ha. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the treatment of seeds using an aqueous solution of Verva preparation with a concentration of 0.2 mg / l at a rate of 300 l / t of seeds, and for the treatment of vegetative plants with a concentration of 20 mg / l at consumption rate 400 l / ha.

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