RU2716583C1 - Method of using barras-containing plant growth stimulator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of biotechnology. Invention is a method of using a barras-containing growth stimulator for growth of barley and wheat consisting of 10 % of pine oleoresin, 1 % emulsifier, 5 % alkali and water (concentration 0.02 %), which consists in dressing seeds during sowing (in amount of 100 ml/t) and spraying in tillering phase (in amount of 60 ml/ha).

EFFECT: invention increases yield of barley and wheat.

1 cl, 8 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular, to a method of using a growth stimulator based on pine resin, which positively affects the vegetation of plants and contributes to an increase in crop yield.

The problem of regulating the growth and development of plants using physiologically active substances is currently one of the most relevant in modern biology [Deeva V.P., Sheleg Z.I., Sanko N.V. The selective effect of chemical growth regulators on a plant: Physiological basis / Mn .: Science and technology, 1988. - 255 p. (1)].

Growth regulators, along with fertilizers and plant protection products, occupy one of the priority places in the chemical support system for agricultural production [Kovalev V.M. On improving agricultural production technologies at the present stage of development of the agro-industrial complex // S.-kh. biology. - 2005. - No. 5. - S. 10-14 (2), Prusakova L.D., Malevannaya N.N., Belopukhov S.L., Vakulenko V.V. Plant growth regulators with anti-stress and immunoprotective properties / Agrochemistry. - 2005. - No. 11. - S. 76-86 (3)].

Plant growth regulators are usually organic compounds that affect the physiological processes of growth and development and, unlike fertilizers, are used in low concentrations. As a rule, these are natural or synthetic chemicals that are used to treat plants in order to change their vital processes or structure in order to improve their quality, increase productivity or facilitate harvesting [Nickell L.J. Plant Growth Regulators. Application in agriculture / Per. from English Kochankova V.G. Ed. and with the foreword. Kefeli V.I. - M .: Kolos, 1984.-192 s (4)].

The use of growth regulators in agricultural production pursues many goals: preventing lodging of grain crops and draining grain, increasing yields and quality of farmed products, accelerating ripening, improving fruit set, facilitating mechanized harvesting [Vakulenko V.V. Growth Regulators / Protection and Plant Quarantine - 2007. - No. 12. - S. 24-26. (5)].

The adaptogenic effect of drugs is to level stress effects caused by a sharp change in growing conditions [Morozov V.I., Morozov A.I., Pushkina G.P. Growth regulators during the rooting of sea buckthorn / Protection and quarantine of plants - 2005. - No. 1. - S. 30. (6)].

In connection with the growing danger to humans and the environment, the search for non-toxic highly effective drugs of natural origin, especially anti-stress action, is extremely important. Promising objects for the search for growth regulators of a new generation are natural biologically active substances [Shirokikh IG, Abubakirova RI, Karpova EM, Kuchin AV Evaluation of Na-salts of the sum of triterpene acids of Abies sibirica L. as a growth regulator and stress-protective agent for spring wheat / Agrochemistry. - 2007. - No. 1. - S. 52-56 (7)].

In recent years, triterpene compounds have been of particular interest to plant physiologists and agronomists, which in the evolutionary aspect are the most ancient regulators of plant growth and development [Kintya P.K., Fadeev Yu.M., Akimov Yu.A. Plant terpenoids / P.K. Kintya, - Chisinau: Shtiintsa, 1990. - 152 p. (eight)]. Produced in small quantities, they play the role of regulators of a number of processes that ensure the vital activity of plants. In agronomic practice, preparations made from fir needles are actively used, consisting of a mixture of natural triterpene acids (SILK, Biosil, Novosil, Verva, etc.), the mechanism of action of which is to activate photosynthesis processes [RF Patent 2161149, publ. 12/27/2000 (9); Bardak N.I., Zhuk B.N., Struchalin M.S. The effectiveness of the drug Silk / Agriculture. - 2001. - No. 1. - S. 29 (10); Larionov G.I., Zorkina T.M., Kulemin S.V., Martynovich L.L. The influence of the growth regulator on the crop on productivity and grain quality of spring wheat in the dry steppe zone of the Republic of Khakassia / Agrochemistry. - 2003. - No. 8. - S. 57-60 (11); Davidyants E.S. The use of triterpene growth regulators in the cultivation of winter wheat // Agrochemistry. - 2006. - No. 8. - S. 30-43 (12); Slastukhin R.Yu., Stepova V.I. Efficiency of applying Silk growth regulator on rice crops / Agrochemistry. - 2009. - No. 2. - S. 45-49 (13); Sleptsova T.V., Okhlopkova P.P. The effectiveness of the use of Novosil and micronutrient fertilizers on planting potatoes / Agricultural science. - 2011. - No. 3. from. 22-23 (14); Tulinov A.G., Shmorgunov G.T., Khurshkainen T.V., Skripova N.N. Using Verva Plant Growth Regulator to Improve Yields and Potato Quality / Agriculture. - 2010. - No. 3. - S. 41-42 (15)].

Interest in this group of compounds is due to a wide range of their effects on plants, the ability to regulate individual stages of growth and development in order to mobilize the potential capabilities of the plant organism, and, therefore, use them as stimulants to increase yield and quality of agricultural products.

A unique source of biologically active substances are natural compounds extracted from elements of a tree (wood, needles, foliage, stumps, bark). They are generally biodegradable and harmless to both fauna and flora. As a result of this, products based on them are preferable to the currently used highly toxic products of large chemistry. Natural renewability of trees allows us to consider them inexhaustible raw materials for the production of biologically active substances.

Zhivitsa pine - a product of the vital activity of pine trees, formed in the process of biosynthesis. Zhivitsa is a solution of solid resin acids in a mixture of terpene hydrocarbons (turpentine).

The protective biological role of resin in a living tree is to heal and protect exposed sections of wood tissue from drying out and the penetration of fungi, bacteria and insects [Radbil B.A. Zhivitsa // Forest Encyclopedia: in 2 tons; T. 1. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1985. - S. 319-320 (16), Plemenkov V.V., Apolonova S.A., Kirlitsa D.A. To the question of the native content of resin acids in the oleoresins of conifers / Chemistry and technology of plant substances: Materials of III All-Russian. conf. - Saratov: Publishing house of Sarat. governorate. trade Chambers, 2004 .-- S. 48-49 (17), Novoselov A.S. Useful properties of pine resin // Ecological problems of the Arctic and northern territories: Interuniversity. Sat scientific tr / holes ed. P.A. Feklistov. - Arkhangelsk: Publishing house of NArFU, 2011. - S. 68-70 (18)].

Zhivitsa is a natural resinous substance and, due to its unique properties, has a therapeutic effect. Its monoterpenes can participate in metabolism as energy sources in the absence of other energy resources, and also be precursors of carotenoids, phytosterols, and some plant hormones. Based on the use of the unique qualities of pine resin, a phytoncide plant growth stimulator has been developed, consisting of 10% pine resin, 1% emulsifier, 5% alkali and water.

The purpose of the invention is the confirmation of the effectiveness of the use of a live-bearing preparation to increase stress resistance, yield and quality of grain crops, as well as reduce the pesticidal load on agrophytocenosis.

The method of application of a live-containing growth stimulator of barley and wheat (concentration 0.02%), which consists in dressing the seeds during sowing (in the amount of 100 ml / t) and spraying in the tillering phase (in the amount of 60 ml / ha).

Studies on the influence of growth regulators on the development of spring wheat and barley were carried out in 2018 in the land use of Ozerki LLC in the Ruzaevsky district of the Republic of Mordovia.

The experiments on the influence of the studied drug on the vegetation of spring wheat and spring barley were organized according to the following scheme:

1 - seed dressing tebuconazole + thiabendazole 0.4 l / t;

2 - seed dressing with an investigated gum-containing preparation, 0.1 l / t + spraying in the tillering phase of 0.03 l / ha (working solution concentration of 0.01%);

3 - etching + spraying 0.06 l / ha (concentration of the working solution of 0.02%);

4 - pickling + spraying 0.12 l / ha (concentration of the working solution of 0.04%).

The experiments were laid down in four repetitions. The shape of the plots is rectangular, the area of the experimental plot is 15 m ² , the accounting plot is 12 m ² . Placement of options within repetitions is randomized. The treatment of crops with the studied drugs was carried out on June 15 in the evening. Knapsack sprayer was used for spraying, the flow rate of the working fluid was 300 l / ha.

Plant height was determined 21 days after treatment of crops and before harvesting. Four repetition, the number of experimental plants in the repetition of 25 pcs. Analysis of the structure of the crop was determined by the method of sheaf samples taken from an area of 1 m ² [Methodology of state testing of crops, 1989 (19)]. Sheaf samples for laboratory analysis were taken at the onset of economic maturity for all test sites in four repetitions. Statistical data processing was performed by analysis of variance.

In modern technologies for the cultivation of spring crops, one of the main factors for obtaining high productivity is the use of a set of protective measures. It is almost impossible to get a high yield without reliable plant protection during the entire growing season from harmful factors of a biotic and abiotic nature.

In connection with the foregoing, the influence of the studied growth regulator on the morphometric growth and development indicators of spring crops, the crop structure was studied, the effect of the studied phytoncide preparation on the constituent elements that form the productivity of plants was revealed, and the crop increase was formed due to which elements of the preparation.

It is known that the height of plants affects the yield of the aboveground vegetative mass, which, in turn, affects the intensity of the photosynthetic activity of the leaf apparatus. The studied biological product to varying degrees influenced the morphometric parameters of spring barley plants (Table 1).

If during the tillering phase it was not possible to identify a significant difference in the height of barley plants, then in subsequent accounting periods an increase in the height of plants from the use of the studied preparation was noted.

By the time of ripening, plants in the experimental version with the use of growth regulators in a concentration of 0.02% were higher (by 2-4 cm compared to the control).

Taking into account the indicators of the structure of the spring barley crop revealed the following patterns (Table 2).

The treatment of seeds and vegetative plants with the studied preparation contributed to the formation of a larger number of plants per unit area and their good preservation up to the time of harvesting in all variants of the experiment. Seed dressing and spraying in the tillering phase at a concentration of 0.02% increased the safety of spring barley plants by the time of harvesting by 5%.

The productive bushiness of barley plants when treated with a growth regulator increased by 9-14%.

The use of the studied drug in concentrations of 0.01-0.02% had an impact on the eariness of the ear and grain performance.

The use of the studied growth regulator in crops of spring barley turned out to be a very effective agro-method in increasing the yield of both the generative and vegetative parts of plants (Table 3).

It should be noted that the preparation had a noticeable effect on increasing the productivity of straw biomass than on increasing grain yield. So, if in the variant with the treatment of crops with the drug at a concentration of 0.01%, the grain yield increased by 6%, then the straw biomass increased in this variant by 8%. The highest increase in yield of spring barley was noted in the variant with double treatment of seeds and crops with a preparation at a concentration of 0.02% - 0.25 t / ha.

The preparations used had a significant impact on the quality indicators of spring barley grain (Table 4).

The use of the studied growth regulator had a slight decrease in the starch content in barley and had a positive effect on the protein content of grain. This is especially important when growing barley for feed purposes, since the main indicator of the nutritional value of the grain is the content of digestible protein. Twice application of a growth regulator at a concentration of 0.02% significantly increased the protein content in barley grain by 9%.

Spring wheat is more affected by soil drought than other crops. This is due to the underdeveloped root system of this culture. The use of growth regulators helps to reduce the negative impact of abiotic factors, increase the photosynthetic potential of crops. One way to reduce stress is to increase the height of plants. The studied drug in varying degrees influenced this morphometric indicator of spring wheat plants (Table 5). A significant increase in plant height from the use of the studied drug was revealed.

The maximum growth of plants, as well as in experiments with barley, was observed from the exit phase into the tube to the ear stage, the plant height increased by 11-23% compared to the control in the variant with spraying with the studied preparation at concentrations of 0.01-0.02% and in the phase of complete ripeness of the grain.

Taking into account the indices of the structure of the spring wheat crop revealed the following patterns (Table 6).

The treatment of seeds and vegetative plants with the studied preparation activated the protective mechanisms of plants and contributed to the formation of a larger number of them per unit area, as well as their preservation up to the time of harvesting in all variants of the experiment. Seed dressing and spraying in the tillering phase at a concentration of 0.02% increased the safety of spring wheat plants by the time of harvesting by 8%.

The use of the studied drug had a significant effect on the freshness of the ear of spring wheat, influenced the size and completeness of the seeds. The use of a growth regulator led to an increase in these parameters in the variants with the use of the experimental preparation at a concentration of 0.01% at 8 and 5%, with a concentration of 0.02% at 8 and 9%, respectively.

We can conclude that the studied drug during seed treatment and processing during the growing season reduces abiotic stressful effects on this crop, promotes plant survival, increases spike grains and grain performance.

The use of a growth regulator in spring wheat crops turned out to be a very effective agricultural method in assessing the yield of grain and straw of spring wheat. It was established that the use of the studied drug contributed to an increase in the yield of wheat grain and the yield of straw per unit area (Table 7).

The highest increase in spring wheat productivity was observed in the variant with double treatment of seeds and crops with a preparation at a concentration of 0.02% - 0.28 t / ha. After processing the crops with the drug at a concentration of 0.01%, the yield of wheat grain increased by 9%, the straw biomass - by 15%.

The preparations used had a significant impact on the quality indicators of spring wheat grain (Table 8).

The studied drug significantly increased starch accumulation in spring wheat grain, which positively affects the feed value of this crop.

Twice application of a growth regulator at a concentration of 0.02% significantly increased the level of extractives by 6%.

Studies have shown a positive effect of phytoncide on increasing productivity and stress resistance, the survival of cereals of barley and wheat.

To reduce the negative impact of abiotic factors on cultivated plants, as well as reduce the pesticidal load on agrophytocenosis, it is advisable to use a fungicidal gum-containing preparation at a concentration of 0.02% when sowing (seed treatment in an amount of 100 ml / t) and vegetation (spraying in a tillering phase in an amount 60 ml / ha) of barley and wheat.

Participation in the stimulation process of all biologically active substances contained in the plant cell determines the high efficiency of the resulting stimulant.

The drug is convenient to use, non-toxic and environmentally friendly, because its use does not lead to the accumulation of toxic chemical compounds in the soil and in the crop products.

Sources of information accepted during the examination:

1. Deeva V.P., Sheleg Z.I., Sanko N.V. The selective effect of chemical growth regulators on a plant: Physiological basis / Mn .: Science and technology, 1988. - 255 p.

2. Kovalev V.M. On improving agricultural production technologies at the present stage of development of the agro-industrial complex // S.-kh. biology. - 2005. - No. 5. - S. 10-14.

3. Prusakova LD, Malevannaya NN, Belopukhov SL., Vakulenko VV Plant growth regulators with anti-stress and immunoprotective properties / Agrochemistry. - 2005. - No. 11. - S. 76-86.

4. Nickell L.J. Plant Growth Regulators. Application in agriculture / Per. from English Kochankova V.G. Ed. and with the foreword. Kefeli V.I. -M .: Kolos, 1984. - 192 p.

5. Vakulenko VV Growth Regulators / Protection and Plant Quarantine - 2007. - No. 12. - S. 24-26.

6. Morozov V.I., Morozov A.I., Pushkina G.P. Growth regulators during the rooting of sea buckthorn / Protection and quarantine of plants - 2005. - No. 1. - S. 30.

7. Shirokikh I.G., Abubakirova R.I., Karpova E.M., Kuchin A.V. Evaluation of Na-salts of the sum of triterpene acids of Abies sibirica L. as a growth regulator and stress-protective agent for spring wheat / Agrochemistry. - 2007. - No. 1. - S. 52-56.

8. Kintya P.K., Fadeev Yu.M., Akimov Yu.A. Plant terpenoids / P.K. Kintya, - Chisinau: Shtiintsa, 1990. - 152 p.

9. RF patent 2161149, publ. 12/27/2000.

10. Bardak N.I., Zhuk B.N., Struchalin M.S. The effectiveness of the drug Silk / Agriculture. - 2001. - No. 1. - S. 29.

11. Larionov G.I., Zorkina T.M., Kulemin SV., Martynovich L.L. The influence of the growth regulator on the crop on productivity and grain quality of spring wheat in the dry steppe zone of the Republic of Khakassia / Agrochemistry. - 2003. - No. 8. - S. 57-60.

12. Davidyants E.S. The use of triterpene growth regulators in the cultivation of winter wheat // Agrochemistry. - 2006. - No. 8. - S. 30-43.

13. Slastukhin R.Yu., Stepova V.I. Efficiency of applying Silk growth regulator on rice crops / Agrochemistry. - 2009. - No. 2. - S. 45-49.

14. Sleptsova T.V., Okhlopkova P.P. The effectiveness of the use of Novosil and micronutrient fertilizers on planting potatoes / Agricultural science. - 2011. - No. 3. from. 22-23.

15. Tulinov A.G., Shmorgunov G.T., Khurshkainen T.V., Skripova N.N. Using Verva Plant Growth Regulator to Improve Yields and Potato Quality / Agriculture. - 2010. - No. 3. - S. 41-42.

16. Radbil B.A. Zhivitsa // Forest Encyclopedia: in 2 tons; T. 1. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1985. - S. 319-320.

17. Plemenkov V.V., Apolonova S.A., Kirlitsa D.A. To the question of the native content of resin acids in the oleoresins of conifers / Chemistry and technology of plant substances: Materials of III All-Russian. conf. - Saratov: Publishing house of Sarat. governorate. trade Chambers, 2004 .-- S. 48-49.

18. Novoselov A.S. Useful properties of pine resin // Ecological problems of the Arctic and northern territories: Interuniversity. Sat scientific tr / holes ed. P.A. Feklistov. - Arkhangelsk: Publishing House of NArFU, 2011 .-- S. 68-70.

19. Methodology of state testing of crops, 1989.

Claims (1)

A method of using a gum-containing growth stimulator of barley and wheat, consisting of 10% pine gum, 1% emulsifier, 5% alkali and water (concentration 0.02%), which consists in dressing seeds during sowing (in an amount of 100 ml / t) and spraying in tillering phase (in the amount of 60 ml / ha).