RU2581673C1 - Method for assessing effect of fungicides on efficiency of preparations-stimulants during combined use under conditions of negative factors for presowing treatment of grain seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: identical charges of treated with preparations - stimulants and preparations-stimulants together with fungicides seeds are placed in closed containers filled with sand in the amount 4 times greater than the weight of seeds; then it is necessary to add into the containers the amount of the solution equal to the amount of the charges; the solution imitates the action of a selected negative factor; the mixture shall be conditioned; then it is necessary to measure the amount of carbon dioxide released during germination of the seeds at room temperature during 16-28 hours in containers with compared seeds. Higher value characterizes the best sowing quality of seeds and quality of the preparation-stimulator.

EFFECT: invention allows to evaluate the effect of fungicides on efficiency of application of preparations-stimulants in case of their combined use under the effect of negative factors and to solve the task of selection of preparations-stimulants for pre-sowing treatment of seeds.

1 cl, 2 dwg, 3 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to assess the effect of fungicides on the effectiveness of the use of stimulant drugs when used together under the influence of negative factors for presowing seed treatment.

There is a method of evaluating the effectiveness of the use of stimulant preparations for pre-sowing seed treatment by plant productivity [1] ·

The disadvantage of this method is the low productivity (in our natural area, experiments can be carried out once a year) and additional variability of the results arising due to changing weather conditions from year to year.

A known method for determining the energy of germination and germination of grain [2], which consists in the germination of seeds in wet sand. Petri dishes are filled with moistened sand and level it. Then the seeds are laid out and pressed into the sand with a tamper to a depth equal to their thickness. This method allows you to compare processed and untreated seeds.

The main disadvantages of this method are, firstly, low productivity when conducting experiments. For most crops, the time to determine germination is 3-4 days, and germination 7-8 days. Secondly, it is not possible to obtain results of sufficient statistical significance, since tests are carried out, as a rule, in 4-fold repetition when using 100 kernels in one experiment. This is due to the fact that the germinated seeds must be recounted, which, with a large number of seeds (more than 100), requires significant labor costs. Thirdly, it is not possible to fully evaluate the sowing qualities of the seeds, since only the planting of seedlings for a certain time, and not their length, is taken into account. As a result, various good seeds cannot be distinguished among themselves by sowing qualities, which means that it is impossible to choose the best of them. Fourth, the tests are carried out using distilled or tap water, which does not allow us to draw a conclusion about the sowing qualities of seeds and their change under the influence of stimulant drugs together with fungicides under the influence of negative factors.

Closest to the claimed is a method for assessing the quality of stimulants for seed germination under the influence of negative factors - the time during which seedlings appear in 50% of the seeds [3].

The main disadvantage of this method is the low productivity during the experiments. Seedlings must be periodically recounted, which, with a large number of seeds (100 or more), requires significant labor costs, and the germination process lasts up to 7 days.

The aim of the invention is to develop a method for assessing the effect of fungicides on the effectiveness of the use of stimulant drugs when combined with the use of negative factors for presowing treatment of seeds of grain crops, which allows to obtain results with a high degree of reliability, and increase labor productivity when choosing stimulant and fungicide preparations for joint use.

The technical essence of the invention lies in the fact that the sowing quality of seeds is determined by their ability to produce energy. The higher the speed at which seeds produce energy, the higher their ability to grow and their ability to counteract negative environmental factors. Seeds produce energy due to the breakdown of stored nutrients by enzymes when a chain of processes occurs in them: i-RNAs are formed that provide the formation of enzymes that break down stored nutrients. All processes are quite complex and difficult to study, but their total result, along with energy production, is the formation of carbon dioxide. Thus, the rate of carbon dioxide formation actually characterizes the rate of energy production during seed germination and makes it possible to grade the seeds according to their sowing qualities. To do this, equal weighed portions of the seeds to be compared (treated with stimulant preparations together with fungicides and treated only with stimulant preparations) are placed in glasses, covered with sand in an amount 4 times the weight of the seeds, and a solution imitating the effect of the selected negative factor is added. After this, the cups with samples are placed in containers that are hermetically sealed and withstand a certain time. Over time, the concentration of carbon dioxide is measured in containers with treated stimulant preparations together with fungicides and seeds treated only with stimulant preparations, and the amount of carbon dioxide released is recounted on the average grain. A higher indicator characterizes the best sowing quality of seeds and the effect of fungicide on the effectiveness of the use of a stimulant drug under the conditions of negative factors.

The problem is solved by treating the seeds separately with stimulant drugs and together with stimulant drugs with fungicides according to the technology adopted in agriculture, place the seeds treated with stimulant drugs and stimulant drugs together with fungicides in the container, bring the seeds into contact with the solution, imitating the effect of the selected negative factor, the seeds are kept in contact with this solution, the parameters characterizing the germination of the treated preparation are determined and compared using i-stimulants and stimulant preparations together with seed fungicides, using closed containers in which weighed portions of treated with stimulant drugs and stimulant preparations together with seed fungicides, fill the seeds with dry sand, whose weight is 4 times the weight of the seeds, and add to containers the same amount of a solution with seeds weighed in simulating the effect of a selected negative factor, and to evaluate the effectiveness of stimulant preparations together with fungicides for presowing treatment ki seeds of crops under the influence of negative factors use the difference in the amount of carbon dioxide released per average seed when germinating seeds in contact with a solution that simulates the effect of the selected negative factor at room temperature for 16-28 hours.

The advantage of the proposed method is its high performance and accuracy. The result can be obtained after 16-28 hours, conducting tests with thousands of seeds. The increase in the number of seeds does not complicate the work, as they determine the total parameter, but significantly increases the accuracy of the results. Error at 95% significance level does not exceed 2-5%. It can be reduced by increasing the number of repetitions without a significant decrease in labor productivity. This means that the method allows one to detect the effect of fungicides on the effectiveness of the use of stimulant drugs under the influence of negative factors at the level of 5-10%, which was previously impossible to do.

The following examples disclose the essence of the alleged invention.

Example 1

Testing technique parameters

The parameters of the method — the weight of the seeds, the weight of the salt solution, the weight of the sand, the duration of the experiment and the volume of containers are interconnected and are determined by the capabilities of the device used to measure the carbon dioxide concentration. We used a carbon dioxide meter “Testo 535”. The maximum concentration of carbon dioxide in the air, measured using this device is 9999 ppm. When using hermetically sealed containers of 3 liters and a sample of seeds of 5 grams, which corresponds to 100-200 seeds. When conducting experiments at room temperature, the maximum concentration is reached for some seeds in a time greater than 28-30 hours.

A sample of seeds - 5 grams, the volume of containers - 3 liters and the experiment time - 1 day were taken as the basic parameters of the technique. A 1% sodium chloride solution was used to simulate salinity conditions.

To clarify the relationship between weighed seeds and salt solution, experiments were carried out using carbon dioxide concentration as a criterion. This is due to the fact that both the lack and excess of the solution lead to a decrease in the concentration of carbon dioxide due to the slowdown of biochemical processes. In the first case, due to a lack of moisture, in the second case, due to a lack of oxygen for the respiration of seeds. In addition, with an excess of solution, the concentration of carbon dioxide decreases due to the dissolution of carbon dioxide in excess moisture. The results are presented in table 1.

It can be seen from the results that the maximum concentration of carbon dioxide in the tank per day accumulates when a salt solution is weighed equal to about 5 g - the weight of the seeds.

However, the experimental error was still quite high and amounted to 8-12%, which we associated with different wettability of seeds. After adding the salt solution, it was not possible to “submerge” all the seeds and part of them floated along the surface of the liquid. To ensure the same wetting conditions, it was decided to fill the seeds with sand, and then add a salt solution. A series of experiments was conducted to select a sand sample. The results are presented in table 2.

From the results it follows that the optimal weight of sand corresponds to 20 g when using 5 g of seeds and 5 g of salt solution.

To verify the correct timing for determining the concentration, kinetic curves were taken — the dependence of the change in the concentration of carbon dioxide in a 3-liter tank when 5 g of seeds, 5 g of water or salt solutions and 20 g of sand were placed in it. The results are presented in the figures of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.

From the obtained data it is clearly seen that for all cultures in the experimental conditions there is a change in the rate of carbon dioxide release. Curves consist of 2 sections. The initial - more gentle, on which different cultures are hardly distinguishable among themselves, and the second - with a steeper slope. After 800-900 minutes, the rate of carbon dioxide emission increases, and each culture has its own rate of carbon dioxide emission, and cultures are clearly distinguishable by the concentrations that they create in sealed containers. The results obtained allow us to choose the time of the experiment 16-28 hours. The lower limit is determined by the change in the rate of carbon dioxide emission, and the upper one is determined by the capabilities of the device used and the need to conduct experiments in a minimum time, as well as the convenience of experiments. One day time satisfies all the conditions listed above.

The error in determining the sowing qualities of seeds can be reduced to 2-5% by conducting experiments in seven-fold repetition.

Example 2

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of the stimulating drug "Fertigrain start" in conjunction with fungicides in conditions that mimic the effects of negative factors

A comparison was made of the effectiveness of using one Fertigrain Start preparation and when used together with the Tebu 60 and Raxil Ultra fungicides on an experimental winter wheat sample of the D.N. Pryanishnikova grade "L-15 No. 222". Seed treatment was carried out on a model of industrially used seed dresser at a flow rate of 20 liters per ton of seeds. For each drug, concentrations and doses recommended for its use were used. Seeds treated with water at a flow rate of 20 liters per ton of seeds were also used as a comparison sample. A 1% NaCl solution was used to simulate salinization. To simulate a lack of moisture used a 5% solution of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The results are presented in table 3. For comparison, the same table shows data on the effect of fungicides on the effectiveness of the use of stimulant preparations in the absence of negative factors (distilled water).

It can be seen from the obtained data that the use of the Fertigrain Start stimulant preparation together with the Tebu 60 and Raxil Ultra fungicides slightly increases the activity of biochemical processes at the initial stage of seed germination under the influence of negative factors imitating salinity and lack of moisture, in comparison using one Fertigrain Start stimulant drug. In conditions simulating salinization, the effect is quite small. In conditions simulating a lack of moisture, the magnitude of the effect increases - from 15% to 22%.

However, under the conditions of the action of negative factors, the observed effect is noticeably lower compared to the observed effect of the stimulant and fungicides in the absence of the action of negative factors.

From the presented examples it is clearly seen that the proposed method allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of the joint use of stimulants for seed germination and fungicides under the influence of negative factors.

Thus, the proposed method, using a simple high-performance technique, allows us to solve the problem of the choice of stimulant preparations and fungicides when combined with the use of negative factors for presowing seed treatment.

Literature

1. Khristeva L.A., Galushka A.M. The effectiveness of the use of physiologically active humic substances for presowing seed treatment / Sat. scientific tr Theory and practice of presowing seed treatment. K .: YuO VASKHNIL, 1984. p. 16-20.

2. GOST 12038-84. Seeds of crops. Germination determination methods.

3. Aksenov L.Α., Zach E.A., Bocharova M.A., Klyachko N.L. The effect of presowing treatment of wheat seeds with surface-active substances on their germination under adverse conditions // Plant Physiology, 1990, v. 37, No. 5, p. 1007-1014.

Claims (1)

A method for assessing the effect of fungicides on the effectiveness of the use of stimulant drugs when combined with the use of negative factors for presowing seed treatment of grain crops, which consists in treating the seeds separately with stimulant drugs and together with stimulant drugs with fungicides, placing them treated with stimulant and stimulant drugs together with seed fungicides in the container, bringing the seeds into contact with a solution that simulates the effect of the selected negative fact RA, exposure of seeds in contact with this solution, determination and comparison of parameters characterizing the germination of treated with stimulant drugs and stimulant drugs together with seed fungicides, characterized in that they use closed containers in which weighed portions of processed stimulant and stimulant drugs together with seed fungicides, they fill the seeds with dry sand, whose weight is 4 times the weight of the seeds, and add the same amount of solution to the containers as the seeds weighed, imitating the effect of the selected negative factor, and to assess the effectiveness of the use of stimulant preparations together with fungicides for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of grain crops under the influence of negative factors, the difference in the amount of carbon dioxide released per one average kernel when germinating seeds in contact with a solution simulating the effect of the selected negative factor at room temperature for 16-28 hours.

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