RU2585843C1 - Method for assessing effective use in conditions of lack of moisture of preparations-stimulants for presowing treatment of grain seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. To estimate efficiency of use in conditions of lack of moisture preparations-stimulant for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of grain crops seeds are treated with stimulator preparations. Processed and not processed with stimulator preparations seeds are placed in containers, maintained under conditions of lack of moisture and determined and compared parameters describing processed and unprocessed germination of seeds. One uses closed containers, in which weights of processed and unprocessed seeds are placed, dry seeds are filled with sand, which weight by 4 times greater than weight of seeds, and osmotic solution is added into containers equal to amount of seeds weighed portions. To assess efficiency of using preparations-stimulants difference in an amount of carbon dioxide is used, which released at one average caryopsis in germination of seeds in contact with osmotic solutions at room temperature for 16-28 hours. Higher value characterises best sowing quality of seeds and quality of stimulator preparation.

EFFECT: invention allows evaluating biological activity of promoters of seed germination and solving problem of selection of stimulant preparations for pre-sowing treatment of seeds.

1 cl, 2 dwg, 3 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely, to assess the effectiveness of the use in conditions of lack of moisture of stimulant preparations for presowing seed treatment.

A known method for assessing the quality of stimulants for pre-sowing seed treatment by plant productivity [1].

The disadvantage of this method is the low productivity (in our natural area, experiments can be carried out once a year) and additional variability of the results arising due to changing weather conditions from year to year.

Due to the fact that the treatment of seeds with stimulants increases the sowing quality of seeds, an analogue is a method for determining the energy of germination and germination of grain [2], which consists in the germination of seeds in wet sand. Petri dishes are filled with moistened sand and level it. Then the seeds are laid out and pressed into the sand with a tamper to a depth equal to their thickness.

The main disadvantages of this method are, firstly, low productivity when conducting experiments. For most crops, the time to determine germination is 3-4 days, and germination 7-8 days. Secondly, it is not possible to obtain results of sufficient statistical significance, since tests are carried out, as a rule, in 4-fold repetition when using 100 kernels in one experiment. This is due to the fact that the germinated seeds must be recounted, which, with a large number of seeds (more than 100), requires significant labor costs. Thirdly, it is not possible to fully evaluate the sowing qualities of the seeds, since only the planting of seedlings for a certain time, and not their length, is taken into account. As a result, various good seeds cannot be distinguished among themselves by sowing qualities, which means that it is impossible to choose the best of them. Fourth, the tests are carried out using distilled or tap water, which does not allow us to draw a conclusion about the sowing qualities of seeds and their change under the influence of stimulant preparations under conditions of lack of moisture.

Closest to the claimed is a method for assessing the quality of stimulants for seed germination in conditions of lack of moisture - the time during which seedlings appear in 50% of the seeds [3].

The main disadvantage of this method is the low productivity during the experiments. Seedlings must be periodically recounted, which, with a large number of seeds (100 or more), requires significant labor costs, and the germination process lasts up to 7 days.

The aim of the invention is to develop a method for evaluating the effectiveness of the use of stimulant preparations for presowing treatment of seeds of grain crops in conditions of lack of moisture, which allows to obtain results with a high degree of reliability, and to increase labor productivity when choosing stimulant preparations that are effective in conditions of lack of moisture.

The technical essence of the invention lies in the fact that the sowing quality of seeds is determined by their ability to produce energy. The higher the speed at which seeds produce energy, the higher their ability to grow and their ability to counteract negative environmental factors. Seeds produce energy due to the breakdown of stored nutrients by enzymes when a chain of processes occurs in them: i-RNAs are formed that provide the formation of enzymes that break down stored nutrients. All processes are quite complex and difficult to study, but their total result, along with energy production, is the formation of carbon dioxide. Thus, the rate of carbon dioxide formation actually characterizes the rate of energy production during seed germination and makes it possible to grade the seeds according to their sowing qualities, including in conditions of lack of moisture. The need to study the stimulating activity of drugs in conditions of lack of moisture follows from the fact that crops are grown in arid conditions, and the effectiveness of drugs in soils with sufficient moisture and lack of moisture requires verification in each case. To evaluate the effect of stimulant preparations in conditions of lack of moisture, seeds are treated with stimulant preparations according to the technology adopted in agriculture. Then, equal weighed seeds are placed in cups, covered with sand in an amount 4 times the weight of the seeds, and an osmotic solution, imitating the conditions of lack of moisture, is added. After this, the cups with samples are placed in containers that are hermetically sealed and withstand a certain time. Over time, measure the concentration of carbon dioxide in containers with treated and untreated stimulant seeds, and recalculate the amount of carbon dioxide released on the average grain. A higher indicator characterizes the best sowing quality of seeds and the quality of the stimulant preparation in conditions of lack of moisture.

The problem is solved by treating the seeds with stimulant preparations according to the technology adopted in agriculture, placing the seeds treated and not treated with stimulant drugs in containers, bringing the seeds into contact with osmotic solutions, keeping the seeds in contact with osmotic solutions, determining and comparing parameters characterizing the germination of treated and untreated seed stimulant preparations using closed containers in which weighed portions of treated and untreated preparations seed stimulants, they fill the seeds with dry sand, whose weight is 4 times the weight of the seeds, and add the same amount of osmotic solutions to the containers as the weight of the seeds, and to assess the effectiveness of the use of stimulant preparations for presowing treatment of grain seeds in conditions of lack of moisture the difference in the amount of carbon dioxide released on one medium grains during seed germination in contact with osmotic solutions at room temperature for 16-28 hours.

The advantage of the proposed method is its high performance and accuracy. The result can be obtained after 16-28 hours, conducting tests with thousands of seeds. The increase in the number of seeds does not complicate the work, as they determine the total parameter, but significantly increases the accuracy of the results. Error at 95% significance level does not exceed 2-5%. It can be reduced by increasing the number of repetitions without a significant decrease in labor productivity. This means that it is possible to distinguish between drugs that improve the sowing quality of seeds in conditions of lack of moisture by 5-10%, which was previously impossible to do.

The following examples reveal the essence of the invention.

Example 1

Testing technique parameters

The parameters of the method - a sample of seeds, a sample of an osmotic solution, a sample of sand, the duration of the experiment and the volume of containers are related and are determined by the capabilities of the device used to measure the carbon dioxide concentration. We used a carbon dioxide meter “Testo 535”. The maximum concentration of carbon dioxide in the air, measured with this device, is 9999 ppm when using hermetically sealed containers of 3 liters and a sample of seeds of 5 grams, which corresponds to 100-200 seeds. When conducting experiments at room temperature, the maximum concentration is reached for some seeds in a time greater than 28-30 hours.

A sample of seeds of 5 grams, a volume of containers of 3 liters and an experiment time of 1 day were taken as the basic parameters of the technique. To simulate moisture deficiency conditions, a 5% solution of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used.

To clarify the relationship between samples of seeds and osmotic solution, experiments were carried out using carbon dioxide concentration as a criterion. This is due to the fact that both a deficiency and an excess of solution lead to a decrease in carbon dioxide concentration due to a slowdown in biochemical processes. In the first case, due to a lack of moisture, in the second case, due to a lack of oxygen for the respiration of seeds. In addition, with an excess of solution, the concentration of carbon dioxide decreases due to the dissolution of carbon dioxide in excess moisture. The results are presented in table 1.

From the results obtained, it is seen that the maximum concentration of carbon dioxide in the tank per day accumulates when a osmotic solution is weighed equal to about 5 g - the weight of the seeds.

However, the experimental error was still quite high and amounted to 8-12%, which we associated with different wettability of seeds. After adding the osmotic solution, it was not possible to "submerge" all the seeds and some of them floated along the surface of the liquid. To ensure the same wetting conditions, it was decided to fill the seeds with sand, and then add the osmotic solution. A series of experiments was conducted to select a sand sample. The results are presented in table 2.

From the results it follows that the optimal weight of sand corresponds to 20 g when using 5 g of seeds and 5 g of osmotic solution.

To verify the correct timing for determining the concentration, kinetic curves were taken — the dependence of the change in carbon dioxide concentration in a 3-liter tank when 5 g of seeds, 5 g of water or osmotic solutions and 20 g of sand were placed in it. The results are presented in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.

From the obtained data it is clearly seen that for all cultures in the experimental conditions there is a change in the rate of carbon dioxide release. Curves consist of 2 sections. The initial - more gentle, on which different cultures are hardly distinguishable among themselves, and the second - with a steeper slope. After 800-900 minutes, the rate of carbon dioxide emission increases, and each culture has its own rate of carbon dioxide emission, and cultures are clearly distinguishable by the concentrations that they create in sealed containers. The results obtained allow us to choose the time of the experiment 16-28 hours. The lower limit is determined by the change in the rate of carbon dioxide emission, and the upper one is determined by the capabilities of the device used and the need to conduct experiments in a minimum time, as well as the convenience of experiments. One day time satisfies all the conditions listed above.

The error in determining the sowing qualities of seeds can be reduced to 2-5% by conducting experiments in seven-fold repetition.

Example 2

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of various stimulant drugs in conditions simulating a lack of moisture

A comparison was made of the effectiveness of using 4 stimulant preparations recommended for use: Nanogro, Albit, Regoplant and Fertigrain Start. The tests were carried out on an experimental sample of winter wheat of the All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Chemistry named after D.N. Pryanishnikova grade "L-15 No. 222". Seed treatment was carried out on a model of industrially used seed dresser at a flow rate of 20 liters per ton of seeds. For each drug, concentrations and doses recommended for its use were used. Seeds treated with water at a flow rate of 20 liters per ton of seeds were used as a comparison sample. To simulate a lack of moisture used a 5% solution of polyethylene glycol. The results are presented in table 3.

From the data obtained, it is clearly seen that only the Fertigrain Start preparation, when pre-sowing, significantly (15%) improves the sowing quality of seeds, and it is recommended to use it on these specific seeds. The remaining drugs are ineffective.

From the presented examples it can be seen that the proposed method allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of stimulants for seed germination in conditions of lack of moisture.

Thus, the proposed method, using a simple high-performance technique, allows us to solve the problem of choosing stimulant preparations for presowing seed treatment for conditions of lack of moisture.

Literature

1. Khristeva L.A., Galushka A.M. The effectiveness of the use of physiologically active humic substances for presowing seed treatment / Sat. scientific tr Theory and practice of presowing seed treatment. K .: YuO VASKHNIL, 1984, p. 16-20.

2. GOST 12038-84. Seeds of crops. Germination determination methods.

3. Aksenov L.Α., Zach E.A., Bocharova M.A., Klyachko N.L. The effect of presowing treatment of wheat seeds with surface-active substances on their germination under adverse conditions // Plant Physiology, 1990, v. 37, No. 5, p. 1007-1014.

Claims (1)

A method of evaluating the effectiveness of the use of stimulant preparations for presowing seed treatment of grain crops in conditions of lack of moisture, which consists in treating the seeds with stimulant preparations, placing treated and not treated seed stimulant preparations in a container, holding the seeds in conditions of lack of moisture, determining and comparing parameters, characterizing the germination of seeds treated and not treated with stimulant preparations, characterized in that they use closed containers in which a sample is placed and seeds treated and not treated with stimulant preparations, the seeds are covered with dry sand, whose weight is 4 times the weight of the seeds, and the same amount of osmotic solution is added to the containers with the weighed portions of the seeds, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of stimulant preparations for presowing in conditions of lack of moisture treatment of seeds of grain crops use the difference in the amount of carbon dioxide released per one average grain when germinating seeds in contact with osmotic solutions at room temperature for 16-28 hours owls.

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