RU2581677C1 - Method for estimating allowable storage time of grain seeds from treatment preparations-stimulators before sowing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. Assessment of allowable storage time of grain seeds from treatment preparations-stimulators is performed by preparing solutions preparations-stimulants and processing these solutions of seeds, seed storage after processing for selected time interval, room treated seeds, passing through the storage stage and freshly-processed seeds into reservoir, actuation of seeds into contact with water, maintained seeds into contact with water, determination and comparison of parameters describing seed germination. Used is a closed container filled with dry sand seeds weight in 4 times greater than the weight of seeds, and added to the capacity equal to weighed portions seeds quantity of water. To estimate the allowable time seeds storage after treatment with stimulants used is the difference in an amount of carbon dioxide released at one central corn seed at germination treated seeds in contact with water at room temperature during 16-28 hours.

EFFECT: invention allows evaluating biological activity of promoters of seed germination and solving problem of selection of preparations-stimulant for presowing treatment of seeds.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 3 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the development of a method for assessing the allowable storage time of seeds of grain crops from treatment with stimulant preparations to sowing.

There is a method of evaluating the effectiveness of the use of stimulant preparations for pre-sowing seed treatment by plant productivity [1] - the closest analogue.

The disadvantage of this method is the low productivity (in our natural area, experiments can be carried out once a year) and additional variability of the results arising due to changing weather conditions from year to year.

A known method for determining the energy of germination and germination of grain [2], which consists in the germination of seeds in wet sand. Petri dishes are filled with moistened sand and level it. Then the seeds are laid out and pressed into the sand with a tamper to a depth equal to their thickness. This method allows you to compare processed and untreated seeds.

The main disadvantages of this method are, firstly, low productivity when conducting experiments. For most crops, the time to determine germination is 3-4 days, and germination 7-8 days. Secondly, it is not possible to obtain results of sufficient statistical significance, since tests are carried out, as a rule, in 4-fold repetition when using 100 kernels in one experiment. This is due to the fact that the germinated seeds must be recounted, which, with a large number of seeds (more than 100), requires significant labor costs. Thirdly, it is not possible to fully evaluate the sowing qualities of the seeds, since only the planting of seedlings for a certain time, and not their length, is taken into account. As a result, various good seeds cannot be distinguished among themselves by sowing qualities, which means that it is impossible to choose the best of them.

The aim of the invention is to develop a method for assessing the permissible storage time of seeds of grain crops from treatment with stimulant preparations to sowing, which allows to obtain results with a high degree of reliability and increase labor productivity when assessing acceptable storage periods of seeds after their processing with stimulant preparations.

The technical essence of the invention lies in the fact that the sowing quality of seeds is determined by their ability to produce energy. The higher the speed at which seeds produce energy, the higher their ability to grow and their ability to counteract negative environmental factors. Seeds produce energy due to the breakdown of stored nutrients by enzymes when a chain of processes occurs in them: i-RNAs are formed that provide the formation of enzymes that break down stored nutrients. All processes are quite complex and difficult to study, but their total result, along with energy production, is the formation of carbon dioxide. Thus, the rate of carbon dioxide formation actually characterizes the rate of energy production during seed germination and makes it possible to grade the seeds according to their sowing qualities. To do this, the same weighed portions of the seeds to be compared (freshly processed with simulators and which have passed the storage stage for a specified period) are placed in glasses, covered with sand in an amount 4 times the weight of the seeds, and water is added. After this, the cups with samples are placed in containers that are hermetically sealed and withstand a certain time. Over time, the concentration of carbon dioxide in containers with freshly treated seed stimulant preparations and seeds that have passed the storage stage is measured, and the amount of carbon dioxide released is recalculated for the average kernel. A decrease in the indicator characterizes a decrease in the effect of treatment with stimulant drugs during the storage period.

The problem is solved in that they prepare solutions of stimulant preparations and treat the seeds with these solutions according to the technology adopted in agriculture, store seeds after processing for a selected time interval, place the treated seeds that have passed the storage stage, and freshly processed seeds in a container, bring seeds in contact with water, the seeds are kept in contact with water, the parameters characterizing seed germination are determined and compared using closed containers in which weighed portions of freshly processed seeds, which have passed the storage stage after treatment with stimulant preparations, fill the seeds with dry sand, whose weight is 4 times the weight of the seeds, and add the same amount of water to the containers as the weight of the seeds, and to assess the acceptable storage time of the seeds Cereals after treatment with stimulant preparations use the difference in the amount of carbon dioxide released per average weevil during germination of treated seeds in contact with water at room temperature e for a time of 16-28 hours.

The advantage of the proposed method is its high performance and accuracy. The result can be obtained after 16-28 hours, conducting tests with thousands of seeds. The increase in the number of seeds does not complicate the work, as they determine the total parameter, but significantly increases the accuracy of the results. Error at 95% significance level does not exceed 2-5%. It can be reduced by increasing the number of repetitions without a significant decrease in labor productivity. This means that you can notice a decrease in the effect of treatment with stimulant drugs during storage by 5-10%, which was previously impossible.

The following examples reveal the essence of the invention.

Example 1

Testing technique parameters

The parameters of the method — the weight of the seeds, the weight of the water, the weight of the sand, the duration of the experiment and the volume of the containers are interconnected and are determined by the capabilities of the device used to measure the carbon dioxide concentration. We used a carbon dioxide meter “Testo 535”. The maximum concentration of carbon dioxide in the air, measured using this device is 9999 ppm. When using hermetically sealed containers of 3 liters and a sample of seeds of 5 grams, which corresponds to 100-200 seeds. When conducting experiments at room temperature, the maximum concentration is reached for some seeds in a time greater than 28-30 hours.

A sample of seeds - 5 grams, the volume of containers - 3 liters and the experiment time - 1 day were taken as the basic parameters of the technique.

To clarify the relationship between the weighed portions of seeds and water, experiments were carried out using carbon dioxide concentration as a criterion. This is due to the fact that both a deficiency and an excess of moisture lead to a decrease in the concentration of carbon dioxide due to a slowdown in biochemical processes. In the first case, due to a lack of water, in the second case, due to a lack of oxygen for the respiration of seeds. In addition, with an excess of water, the concentration of carbon dioxide decreases due to the dissolution of carbon dioxide in excess water. The results are presented in table 1.

From the results obtained, it can be seen that the maximum concentration of carbon dioxide in the tank per day accumulates when a portion of water is equal to about 5 g - the weight of the seeds.

However, the experimental error was still quite high and amounted to 8-12%, which we associated with different wettability of seeds. After adding water, it was not possible to "submerge" all the seeds and some of them floated on the surface of the water. To ensure the same wetting conditions, it was decided to fill the seeds with sand, and then add water.

A series of experiments was conducted to select a sand sample. The results are presented in table 2.

From the results obtained, it is seen that the optimal weight of sand corresponds to 20 g when using 5 g of seeds and 5 g of water.

To verify the correct timing for determining the concentration, kinetic curves were taken — the dependence of the change in carbon dioxide concentration in a 3-liter tank when 5 g of seeds, 5 g of water and 20 g of sand were placed in it. The results are presented in the figure of FIG. one.

From the obtained data it is clearly seen that for all cultures in the experimental conditions there is a change in the rate of carbon dioxide release. Curves consist of 2 sections. The initial - more gentle, on which different cultures are hardly distinguishable among themselves, and the second - with a steeper slope. After 800-900 minutes, the rate of carbon dioxide emission increases, and each culture has its own rate of carbon dioxide emission, and cultures are clearly distinguishable by the concentrations that they create in sealed containers. The results obtained allow us to choose the time of the experiment 16-28 hours. The lower limit is determined by the change in the rate of carbon dioxide emission, and the upper one is determined by the capabilities of the device used and the need to conduct experiments in a minimum time, as well as the convenience of experiments. One day time satisfies all the conditions listed above.

The error in determining the sowing qualities of seeds can be reduced to 2-5% by conducting experiments in seven-fold repetition.

Example 2

Assessment of the effect of storage of seeds treated with the Fertigrain Start stimulant drug on the treatment effect

The tests were carried out on an experimental sample of winter wheat of the All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Chemistry named after D.N. Pryanishnikova grade "L-15 No. 222". Seed treatment was carried out on a model of industrially used seed dresser at a flow rate of 20 liters per ton of seeds. Used the drug "Fertigrain start", the concentration of -1 l / ton of seeds. Seeds treated with water at a flow rate of 20 liters per ton of seeds were used as a comparison sample. Storage of seeds after treatment was carried out in laboratory conditions at room temperature. The results are presented in table 3.

From the data obtained it is clearly seen that after 5 days of storage, the effect of processing decreases by a third - from 25% to 17%. It follows that it is better to use freshly processed seeds, but the use of seeds stored 5 days in the field of treatment is also acceptable.

From the examples presented, it is clearly seen that the inventive method using the proposed method allows us to determine the effect of the shelf life of seeds after treatment with stimulant preparations on the effect of stimulating seed germination.

Thus, the proposed method, using a simple high-performance technique, allows us to solve the problem of determining the shelf life of seeds of grain crops after treatment with stimulant preparations.

Literature

1. Khristeva L.A., Galushka A.M. The effectiveness of the use of physiologically active humic substances for presowing seed treatment / Sat. scientific tr Theory and practice of presowing seed treatment. K .: YuO VASKHNIL, 1984. p. 16-20.

2. GOST 12038-84. Seeds of crops. Germination determination methods.

Claims (1)

A method for assessing the acceptable storage time of seeds of grain crops from treatment with stimulant preparations to sowing, which consists in preparing solutions of stimulant preparations and processing with these seed solutions, storing seeds after treatment for a selected time interval, placing treated seeds that have passed the storage stage, and freshly processed seeds in a container, bringing seeds into contact with water, holding seeds in contact with water, determining and comparing parameters characterizing seed germination, different t m that they use closed containers in which they place samples of freshly treated with solutions of seed stimulant preparations and seeds that have passed the storage stage after treatment with stimulant preparations, fill the seeds with dry sand, whose weight is 4 times the weight of the seeds, and add the same amount of weight to the containers seed is the amount of water, and to assess the permissible storage time of seeds of grain crops after treatment with stimulant preparations, a difference in the amount of carbon dioxide released per one average kernel is used when pr crease treated seeds in contact with water at room temperature during 16-28 hours.

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