RU2601304C2 - Method of evaluating biological activity of preparations for improving sowing properties of grain seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. Evaluating biological activity of preparations for improving sowing properties of grain seeds, identical weights of compared seeds are placed in cups, filled with sand in an amount which is 4 times greater than weight of seeds, and water is added to ones, and solutions of tested preparations-stimulants - to others, held and carbon dioxide concentration is measured in vessels with compared seeds. Higher value of carbon dioxide concentration characterises best sowing quality of seeds and quality of stimulant preparation.

EFFECT: invention allows evaluating biological activity of stimulants for seed sprouting and solve task of selection of stimulant preparations for presowing treatment of seeds.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 5 tbl, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to the treatment of seeds with plant growth stimulants and relates to a new method for evaluating the quality of stimulant preparations for presowing treatment of seeds that increase plant productivity.

A known method for assessing the quality of stimulants for pre-sowing seed treatment by plant productivity [1].

The disadvantage of this method is the low productivity (in our natural area, experiments can be carried out once a year) and additional variability of the results arising due to changing weather conditions from year to year.

The aim of the invention is to develop a method for assessing the biological activity of drugs recommended for improving the sowing qualities of seeds of grain crops, which allows to obtain results with a high degree of reliability and increase labor productivity when choosing stimulant drugs.

The technical essence of the invention lies in the fact that the sowing quality of seeds is determined by their ability to produce energy. The higher the speed at which seeds produce energy, the higher their ability to grow and their ability to counteract negative environmental factors. Seeds produce energy due to the breakdown of stored nutrients by enzymes when a chain of processes occurs in them: i-RNAs are formed that provide the formation of enzymes that break down stored nutrients. All processes are quite complex and difficult to study, but their total result, along with energy production, is the formation of carbon dioxide. Thus, the rate of carbon dioxide formation actually characterizes the rate of energy production during seed germination and makes it possible to grade the seeds according to their sowing qualities. To do this, the same weight of seeds is placed in cups, covered with sand in an amount 4 times the weight of the seeds and added to one is water and the other are solutions of the tested stimulant preparations. Add equal weights of water and drug solutions. After this, the cups with samples are placed in containers that are hermetically sealed and withstand a certain time. Over time, measure the concentration of carbon dioxide in containers with water and with the compared drugs and recalculate the amount of carbon dioxide released on the average grain. A higher indicator characterizes the best sowing quality of seeds and the quality of the stimulant drug.

The problem is solved by placing weighed seeds in closed containers, after which the seeds are covered with dry sand, whose weight is 4 times the weight of the seeds, and the same amount of water is added to the same containers as the seeds, and the same amount of seeds to the other containers a solution containing the studied drug, while assessing the biological activity of the preparations is carried out according to the difference in the amount of carbon dioxide released per average seed when germinating seeds at room temperature for 16-28 hours in water and in a solution of the studied drug.

The advantage of the proposed method is its high performance and accuracy. The result can be obtained after 16-28 hours, conducting tests with thousands of seeds. The increase in the number of seeds does not complicate the work, as they determine the total parameter, but significantly increases the accuracy of the results. Error at 95% significance level does not exceed 2-5%. It can be reduced by increasing the number of repetitions without a significant decrease in labor productivity. This means that it is possible to distinguish between drugs that improve the sowing quality of seeds by 5-10%, which was previously impossible to do.

The following examples reveal the essence of the invention.

Example 1

Testing technique parameters

The parameters of the method — the weight of the seeds, the weight of the water, the weight of the sand, the duration of the experiment and the volume of the containers are interconnected and are determined by the capabilities of the device used to measure the carbon dioxide concentration. We used a carbon dioxide meter “Testo 535”. The maximum concentration of carbon dioxide in the air, measured using this device is 9999 ppm. When using hermetically sealed containers of 3 liters and a sample of seeds of 5 grams, which corresponds to 100-200 seeds. When conducting experiments at room temperature, the maximum concentration is reached for some seeds in a time greater than 28-30 hours.

A sample of seeds - 5 grams, the volume of containers - 3 liters and the experiment time - 1 day were taken as the basic parameters of the technique.

To clarify the relationship between the weighed portions of seeds and water, experiments were carried out using carbon dioxide concentration as a criterion. This is due to the fact that both a deficiency and an excess of moisture lead to a decrease in carbon dioxide concentration due to a slowdown in biochemical processes. In the first case, due to a lack of water, in the second case, due to a lack of oxygen for the respiration of seeds. In addition, with an excess of water, the concentration of carbon dioxide decreases due to the dissolution of carbon dioxide in excess water. The results are presented in table 1.

From the results obtained, it is seen that the maximum concentration of carbon dioxide in the tank per day accumulates when weighed in water equal to about 5 g - the weight of the seeds.

However, the experimental error was still quite high and amounted to 8-12%, which we associated with different wettability of seeds. After adding water, it was not possible to "submerge" all the seeds and some of them floated on the surface of the water. To ensure the same wetting conditions, it was decided to fill the seeds with sand, and then add water.

A series of experiments was conducted to select a sand sample. The results are presented in table 2.

From the results obtained, it is seen that the optimal weight of sand corresponds to 20 g when using 5 g of seeds and 5 g of water.

To verify the correct timing for determining the concentration, kinetic curves were taken — the dependence of the change in carbon dioxide concentration in a 3-liter tank when 5 g of seeds, 5 g of water and 20 g of sand were placed in it. The results are presented in the figure of FIG. one.

FIG. 1 - Change in the concentration of carbon dioxide over time in containers of 3 liters when placed in them 5 g of seeds of various crops, 5 g of water and 20 g of sand.

In the figure of FIG. 1, the following notation is introduced:

1 - spring barley grade "Nur";

2 - winter rye grade "Moscow 12";

3 - spring wheat grade "MIS";

4 - winter triticale variety "Hermes";

5 - an experimental sample of winter wheat FSBI National Research Institute of Agricultural Chemistry named after D.N. Pryanishnikova grade "L-15 No. 222".

From the obtained data it is clearly seen that for all cultures in the experimental conditions there is a change in the rate of carbon dioxide release. The curves consist of 2 sections: the initial one is more gentle, on which different cultures are hardly distinguishable from each other, and the second one with a steeper slope. After 800-900 minutes, the rate of carbon dioxide emission increases, and each culture has its own rate of carbon dioxide emission, and cultures are clearly distinguishable by the concentrations that they create in sealed containers. The results obtained allow us to choose the time of the experiment 16-28 hours. The lower limit is determined by the change in the rate of carbon dioxide emission, and the upper one is determined by the capabilities of the device used and the need to conduct experiments in a minimum time, as well as the convenience of experiments. One day time satisfies all the conditions listed above.

The error in determining the sowing qualities of seeds can be reduced to 2-5% by conducting experiments in seven-fold repetition.

Example 2

Assessment of the biological activity of para-aminobenzoic acid when treated with seed solutions

For a long time, they tried to use paraaminobenzoic acid (PABA) for seed treatment. In this case, conflicting data were obtained. We studied the effect of solutions of para-aminobenzoic acid of various concentrations on the activation of biochemical processes during seed germination (Table 3).

From the data obtained, it can be seen that, to a concentration of 0.005-0.0125%, PABA solutions do not have a positive effect on seed germination, and at high concentrations, seed germination begins to inhibit.

Example 3

Assessment of the biological activity of brown coal humates when treated with seed solutions

Brown coal humates are recommended for pre-sowing seed treatment. We used humate of potassium (sodium) from brown coal, produced by NEC Agrotehnologii LLC. The effect of humate solutions of various concentrations on the activation of biochemical processes during seed germination was studied (Table 4).

From the data obtained, it is seen that for the seeds of spring wheat, the positive effect of using the drug is not observed. For seeds of winter wheat varieties "Moskovskaya 39" and an experimental sample of winter wheat FGBNU All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Chemistry named after D.N. Pryanishnikova variety “L-15 No. 222” at a concentration of 0.005%, there is some stimulation close to the experimental error and not exceeding 10%.

Example 4

Assessment of the biological activity of humates from lowland peat when treated with seed solutions

A preparation based on humic substances was obtained by alkaline hydrolysis by boiling lowland peat, followed by separation of the solid phase by centrifugation and neutralization of the alkaline extract with cateonite in the H-form. The effect of humate solutions of various concentrations on the activation of biochemical processes during seed germination was studied (Table 5).

From the obtained data it is seen that for winter wheat seeds of the Moskovskaya 39 variety at a concentration of 0.0156-0.25%, the stimulation effect lies in the range of 10-15%. For an experimental sample of winter wheat, FSBI All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Chemistry named after D.N. Pryanishnikova variety “L-15 No. 222” in the same concentration range, the observed effect reaches 18-24%.

From the presented examples it is clearly seen that the proposed method allows us to evaluate the biological activity of stimulants for seed germination. It is noteworthy that the effect of using stimulants on different seeds of grain crops is different, and by testing the proposed method, you can quickly determine whether it makes sense to use a specific stimulant on specific seeds.

Thus, the proposed method, using a simple high-performance technique, allows us to evaluate the biological activity of stimulants for seed germination and to solve the problem of choosing stimulant preparations for presowing seed treatment. The proposed technique is especially effective in the development of stimulant drugs.

Literature

1. Khristeva L.A., Galushka A.M. The effectiveness of the use of physiologically active humic substances for presowing seed treatment / Sat. scientific tr Theory and practice of presowing seed treatment. K .: YuO VASKHNIL, 1984. p. 16-20.

Claims (1)

A method for assessing the biological activity of drugs to improve the sowing qualities of seeds of cereal crops, which consists in placing the seeds in closed containers, after which the seeds are covered with dry sand, whose weight is 4 times the weight of the seeds, and the same amount of water is added to the same containers, the amount of water and in other containers - the same amount of the solution containing the studied drug as the weight of the seeds, while the biological activity of the drugs is estimated by the difference in the amount of carbon dioxide released on the bottom is the average grain when germinating seeds at room temperature for 16-28 hours in water and in a solution of the studied drug.

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