RU2673951C1 - Method for stimulating growth and stability of wood and bush plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. Method of stimulating the growth and stability of woody and shrub plants, including soaking seeds before sowing and treatment of plants during the growing season with an aqueous solution of growth stimulator based on a natural mixture of triterpenic acids isolated using aliphatic alcohols. Aqueous solution of growth stimulator based on a natural mixture of triterpene acids contains triterpene acids in the amount of 40–60 mg/l, as well as a complex of micro- and macroelements in chelate form, which contains nitrogen 49.0–49.5 mg/l, sodium 34.0–34.5 mg/l, calcium 27.0–27.5 mg/l, iron 1.0–1.5 mg/l, magnesium 2.5–3.0 mg/l, silicon 6.0–6.5 mg/l. Triterpene acids are obtained from the needles and shoots of Juniperus communis L.

EFFECT: invention provides increased growth processes, increased phytomass and resistance of trees and shrubs to diseases, as well as the quality of planting material.

1 cl, 3 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and forestry and can be used to stimulate growth processes and increase the resistance of woody and shrub plants to adverse environmental factors.

In recent years, in order to improve agricultural technology and reduce the cost of growing planting material in nurseries, the use of growth stimulants has been introduced: pre-sowing seed treatment or foliar top dressing with stimulant solutions. The use of highly effective environmentally friendly natural growth stimulants in the technologies for growing wood and shrub plants can stimulate plant growth and development, increase the yield of standard planting material, improve the quality of marketable products and increase disease resistance.

A known method of stimulating the germination, growth and development of woody plants, mainly oak and pine, including pre-sowing treatment of seeds of woody plants by soaking them in an aqueous solution of a biologically active substance, followed by drying, including soaking the seeds for 18-24 hours in an aqueous solution of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride with a molecular weight of 5-9 thousand conv. units and the concentration of the active substance of 0.0001-0.5% (US Pat. RU 2362303). The disadvantage of this method is the low biological effectiveness in stimulating the growth processes of woody and shrub plants, as well as the absence of an immunomodulating effect.

The closest analogue to the claimed method is a method for regulating the growth and development of crops, including treating seeds and vegetating plants with an aqueous solution of a growth regulator, characterized in that the preparation "Biosil" is used as a growth regulator, which is a natural mixture of triterpene acids isolated from wood Siberian fir greens using aliphatic alcohols, while seed treatment is carried out once with a dose of 10-100 ml / t for the preparation, and the treatment of vegetative plants, for ayney least once a dose of 10-100 ml / ha of drug per treatment (Pat. RU №2225100). A disadvantage of the known drug should be recognized as its lack of activity during foliar treatment of vegetative organs of woody and shrub plants and a weak immunomodulating effect.

The technical result of the present invention is to enhance growth processes, increase the phytomass and resistance of woody and shrub plants to diseases, as well as the quality of planting material.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of stimulating the growth and resistance of woody and shrub plants, comprising treating seeds and vegetative plants with an aqueous solution of a growth stimulator, according to the invention, a preparation is used as a growth stimulator, which is a natural mixture of triterpene acids isolated from needles and shoots of Juniperus communis L, while the concentration of the active substance (triterpene acids) is 40-60 mg / l, as well as a complex of micro and macro elements in chelated form (nitrogen 49.0-49.5 mg / l, sodium 34.0-34.5 mg / l, calcium 27.0-27.5 mg / l, iron 1.0-1.5 mg / l, magnesium 2.5-3.0 mg / l silicon 6.0-6.5 mg / l). The first treatment involves soaking the seeds for 24 hours in an aqueous solution of the stimulator, and subsequently 5-7 times foliar treatment of woody and shrub plants during the growing season. The consumption rate for soaking seeds is 20–200 ml / t for the preparation. The consumption of the drug with each foliar treatment can be 30-300 ml / ha.

The use of a drug in an experimentally selected concentration as a growth promoter can significantly increase the biometric parameters of plants, increase disease resistance and improve the quality of planting material. The multiplicity of treatments determined experimentally. Reducing or increasing the frequency of treatments will lead to a decrease in biological or economic efficiency.

Obtaining the active substance (triterpenic acids) consists in grinding needles and shoots of Juniperus communis L. and extraction with an organic extractant, followed by isolation of the target product. Aliphatic alcohol or acetone containing not more than 50 wt.% Is used as an extractant. % water, the target product is isolated by distillation of a mixture of alcohol / water or acetone / water, then water is separated, followed by use of the distilled mixture as an extractant.

The preparative form of the drug is prepared by dissolving the active substance obtained by the above method (the sum of triterpene acids) in an emulsifier by heating and adding hot water to the required concentration.

The resulting preparation is a viscous aqueous emulsion of dark salad to a brownish-bog color with a characteristic odor. The active substance contains at least 96% triterpenic acids. The finished product is a 4-6% (40-60 g / l) aqueous emulsion of triterpene acids Juniperus communis L, as well as a complex of micro and macro elements in chelated form (nitrogen 49.0-49.5 mg / l , sodium 34.0-34.5 mg / l, calcium 27.0-27.5 mg / l, iron 1.0-1.5 mg / l, magnesium 2.5-3.0 mg / l, silicon 6.0-6.5 mg / L). The choice of the concentration of triterpenic acids (4-6%) is due to the fact that when their concentration is more than 6.0%, the finished product is too saturated, which creates an additional inconvenience during its operation. However, when the concentration of triterpenic acids is less than 4.0%, the consumption of the drug increases by 1.2 times. The drug has high stability and has a long shelf life.

The concentrations of micro and macro elements were identified by us experimentally. A total of 6 variants of concentrations of micro and macrocells were tested: 1 option (nitrogen 51.0 mg / l, sodium 36.0 mg / l, calcium 27.0-27.5 mg / l, iron 2.5 mg / l, magnesium 4.0 mg / L; Silicon 8.0 mg / L); Option 2 (nitrogen 50.0 mg / L, sodium 35.0 mg / L, calcium 27.0-27.5 mg / L, iron 2.0 mg / L, magnesium 3.5 mg / L, silicon 7, 0 mg / l); Option 3 (nitrogen 49.0 mg / l, sodium 34.0 mg / l, calcium 27.0 mg / l, iron 1.0 mg / l, magnesium 2.5 mg / l, silicon 6.0 mg / l ); Option 4 (nitrogen 48.0 mg / l, sodium 33.0 mg / l, calcium 26.0 mg / l, iron 0.7 mg / l, magnesium 2.0 mg / l, silicon 5.0 mg / l ); 5 option (nitrogen 47.0 mg / l, sodium 32.0 mg / l, calcium 25.0 mg / l, iron 0.5 mg / l, magnesium 1.5 mg / l, silicon 4.0 mg / l ); Option 6 (nitrogen 46.0 mg / L, sodium 31.0 mg / L, calcium 24.0 mg / L, iron 0.3 mg / L, magnesium 1.0 mg / L, silicon 3.0 mg / L ) To a 4-6% (40-60 g / l) aqueous emulsion of the sum of the natural triterpene acids Juniperus communis L., a complex of micro and macro elements in chelated form was added in 6 variants described above. Finished preparations were tested on Japanese quince seedlings (Chaenomeles japonica), with a dose of 200 ml / ha for the preparation, the multiplicity of treatments was 6 times. During the experiment it was found that when the concentration of micro and macro elements according to option 1, 2 and 3, the maximum height of Japanese quince seedlings is 22.6 ± 0.42 ... 23.1 ± 0.51 cm. The use of the concentration of micro and macro elements is greater than indicated in option 3, it is not economically feasible, since in these concentrations the elements are in excess and are not fully absorbed by plants, without exerting any effect on the increase in the quality of the final product. In options 4, 5 and 6, where the concentration of micro and macro elements decreased, the height of the seedlings naturally also decreased 19.5 ± 0.65 ... 16.7 ± 0.55 cm. In the control variant with the treatment of seedlings with water, the height of the seedlings was 15, 1 ± 0.62 cm. Thus, it can be stated that the optimal values of the concentrations of micro and macro elements in chelate form should be taken equal to: nitrogen 49.0-49.5 mg / l, sodium 34.0-34.5 mg / l calcium 27.0-27.5 mg / l; iron 1.0-1.5 mg / l; magnesium 2.5-3.0 mg / l; silicon 6.0-6.5 mg / l.

The drug before application to plants is diluted with water to the required concentration, depending on the rate of consumption of the drug per unit area. The flow rate of the working fluid per hectare is 300-500 liters. The consumption rate of the drug ranges from 30 to 300 ml / ha.

The essence of the claimed invention to a method of stimulating the growth and resistance of woody and shrub plants is illustrated in examples 1-3. Tables 1-3 show the average data of field experimental experiments on stimulating the growth and resistance of woody and shrub plants in the conditions of the Botanical Garden-Institute of the Perm State Technical University. Also in example 1, the optimal dose for the drug was determined. As a control, seeds were soaked in water and sprayed with clean water. From deciduous trees, oak oak (Quercus robur L.) was selected, from conifers - ordinary pine (Pinus sylvestris L), and from shrubs - middle spirea (Spiraea media SCHMIDT). All experiments were laid in triplicate. Statistical processing of the obtained experimental data was carried out using standard methods (Sokolov P.A., Chernykh V.L. Variational statistics. - Yoshkar-Ola: MarPI, 1990. - 99 p.). Deviations from the average for each statistical series do not exceed 5% of the average.

Example 1

The proposed method of stimulating the growth and resistance of woody and shrubbery plants was tested in open ground conditions on the oak. Plants were grown in plastic containers. Seeding rate - 1 acorn in 1 cell. Before sowing, acorns were soaked for 12 hours in an aqueous solution of the proposed drug at a temperature of 20-22 ° C. The stimulator treatment was carried out using a backpack sprayer 6 times: the first spraying on the 5th day after emergence, the next five - every 10 days. The average flow rate of the working solution was 350 l / ha. Five dosage dosages of the recommended preparation were experimentally tested: 10 ml / ha, 30 ml / ha, 100 ml / ha, 300 ml / ha, 400 ml / ha.

Studies have shown that treatment with an aqueous solution of the drug contributes to the accelerated growth of plants, leading to an increase in phytomass and linear parameters of seedlings. Tests showed that the height, weight of the aerial parts, and the mass of roots at the same harvesting dates were higher when using the drug based on triterpenic acids obtained from the needles and shoots of Juniperus communis L. (dose of the drug 30-300 ml / ha) compared with control and Biosil. These indicators indicate the acceleration of growth processes when using the proposed growth stimulator. The height of the oak oak seedlings when using the proposed preparation in comparison with the control increases by 22.67%, and compared with "Biosil" by 8.14%. The incidence of treated seedlings of powdery mildew of oak caused by the fungus Microsphaera alphitoides Gr. et Maubl. was minimal when using the proposed method of cultivation. A dosage dose of 400 ml / ha or more has an inhibitory effect on plant growth, and less than 30 ml / ha has a low stimulating activity. Therefore, the optimal dose should be considered from 30 to 300 ml / ha.

Example 2

The proposed method of stimulating the growth and resistance of woody and shrubbery plants has also been tested in closed ground conditions on an average spirea shrub. Plants were grown in plastic crates. The seeding rate was 1 ... 1.5 g per 1 p.m. Before sowing, acorns were soaked for 24 hours in an aqueous solution of the proposed drug at a temperature of 20-22 ° C. The stimulator treatment was carried out using a backpack sprayer 5-fold: the first spraying on the 5th day after emergence, the next four - every 10 days. The average flow rate of the working solution was 300 l / ha. The value of the optimal dose of the proposed drug should be taken equal to 30-300 ml./ha (see example 1). As the growth of woody and shrubbery plants and an increase in their linear parameters, the dose of application for the drug should increase. The dose of the proposed drug was increased during each treatment according to the scheme: the first and second - 30 ml / ha, the third - 100 ml / ha, the fourth - 200 ml / ha, and the fifth - 300 ml / ha.

Tests showed that the height, weight of the aerial parts and the mass of roots were higher when using the drug based on triterpene acids obtained from the needles and shoots of Juniperus communis L. compared to the control and Biosil. The height of the average spirea seedlings when using the proposed drug in comparison with the control increases by 27.90%, and compared with "Biosil" by 15.02%. It follows that with an increase in the dose of the drug in the range of 30-300 ml / ha during each treatment of plants, it increases the size of seedlings, and therefore the quality of the final product.

Example 3

The proposed method of stimulating the growth and resistance of woody and shrubbery plants has been tested in open ground on ordinary pine. Plants were grown in plastic containers. The seeding rate was 1 seed - in 1 cell. Before sowing, the seeds were soaked for 24 hours in an aqueous solution of the proposed drug at a temperature of 20-22 ° C. Treatment with a stimulator was carried out using a backpack sprayer 7-fold: the first spraying 3 days after emergence, the next six every 10 days. The average flow rate of the working solution was 450 l / ha. The value of the optimal dose of the proposed drug should be taken equal to 30-300 ml / ha (see example 1). Analogously to example 2, the dose of the proposed drug was increased during each treatment according to the scheme: the first, second and third - 30 ml / ha; the fourth is 100 ml / ha; the fifth is 200 ml / ha; sixth and seventh - 300 ml / ha.

The linear parameters of the seedlings, the mass of the aerial part and the mass of the roots were higher when using the drug based on triterpene acids obtained from the needles and shoots of Juniperus communis L. as compared to the control and Biosil. The height of the common pine seedlings when using the proposed drug in comparison with the control increases by 37.30%, and compared with "Biosil" by 32.54%.

Susceptibility to infectious lodging of seedlings (pathogens imperfect fungi from the genera Fusarium, Alternaria, Botrytis, Verticillium) was minimal (no more than 4.3%) in the variant with the proposed method of stimulating the growth and resistance of woody and shrub plants. In the control variant, 28.3% of the plants died as a result of lodging of seedlings, while the lateral roots rotted and died in the affected seedlings. It has been experimentally confirmed that increasing the dose of the drug in the range of 30-300 ml / ha with each treatment of the plants increases the size of seedlings and increases their resistance to infectious lodging of seedlings, and therefore the quality of the final product.

The indicators given in table. 1, 2 and 3, indicate the greatest increase in growth processes by accumulation of dry matter in variants using the proposed method. The optimal dose of the drug is 30-300 ml / ha, varying in this range depending on the age and size of the planting material of wood and shrub plants. In the table. 1 and 3 it is shown that the use of this method of stimulating the growth and resistance of woody and shrub plants increases the resistance of plants to adverse environmental factors (in particular pathogens), which increases the safety of plants and leads to an improvement in qualitative and quantitative indicators.

Claims (1)

A method of stimulating the growth and resistance of woody and shrubby plants, including soaking the seeds before sowing and treating the plants during the growing season with an aqueous solution of a growth stimulator based on a natural mixture of triterpene acids isolated using aliphatic alcohols, characterized in that the aqueous solution of a growth stimulator based on natural a mixture of triterpenic acids contains triterpenic acids in an amount of 40-60 mg / l, as well as a complex of micro and macro elements in chelated form, which contains a zot 49.0-49.5 mg / l, sodium 34.0-34.5 mg / l, calcium 27.0-27.5 mg / l, iron 1.0-1.5 mg / l, magnesium 2 , 5-3.0 mg / l, silicon 6.0-6.5 mg / l, while triterpene acids are obtained from needles and shoots of Juniperus communis L, and the number of foliar treatments is 5-7 times, at a dose of 30-300 ml / ha according to the preparation.