RU155937U1 - Combine harvester with soil cultivator - Google Patents

Abstract

A combine harvester with a soil-cultivating organ, comprising a header, a straw chopper and spreader and a soil-cultivating organ installed between the header and the chopper-spreader, characterized in that a rotational hoe is used as a soil-cultivating organ.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering and can be used for simultaneous harvesting of crops and tillage in one pass.

Currently, in agricultural production, the most widely used intensive (traditional) technology based on dump plowing and minimal surface tillage technology (Trubilin E.I. et al. Disc harrows and cultivators in the system of primary and presowing tillage. Problems and solutions. Political Internet electronic scientific journal of the Kuban State Agrarian University, 2013. No. 88 (040)).

The main predecessors of winter cereal crops in crop rotations of the Krasnodar Territory are row crops and grain crops. After the early harvested precursors (peas, corn for silage, winter wheat, barley, etc.) according to the variant of intensive technology, it is necessary to immediately peel (mulch) the field in order to preserve moisture, destroy sprouted weeds, shallow seeding of weed seeds to obtain provocative shoots and subsequent their destruction either by mechanical treatment or by chemical means when treated with herbicides, followed by immediate dump plowing. (K.A.Sokht et al. Disk harrows and tillers. Designing of technological parameters. - Krasnodar: KubSAU, 2014 - 164 pages). However, in the practical implementation of this technology there are many difficulties that are virtually impossible to eliminate or very difficult. Such shortcomings include a sharp simultaneous need for machine tools, which in turn leads to a large time gap between the operations of harvesting the predecessor and peeling of the soil. In addition, the separate execution of operations of cleaning and loosening the soil leads to increased compaction of the soil, labor and fuel costs.

To address these shortcomings, a number of devices are known for harvesting grain crops and disposing of the non-grain part of the crop (RF patent No. 2307498, 02/06/2006) containing a header, a chopper-spreader and a tillage organ. The disadvantages of these inventions is that when implementing the combination of harvesting and loosening the soil, energy-intensive tools, such as disk harrows, are used, which leads to a decrease in the technical and economic performance of combine harvesters, etc.

These shortcomings are eliminated if a combine harvester (RF patent No. 127280, 08/09/2012 - prototype) is used for harvesting grain crops and simultaneously processing the soil, which contains a header, a straw chopper and spreader and a shredder installed between the header and the chopper. A significant disadvantage of this device is that when harvesting in extreme conditions, when the soil has a high density, i.e. a soil crust is formed, the working bodies of the trowel do not penetrate to the required depth of 3-4 cm, but simply move along the soil surface, leaving a furrow with a depth of 0.5-1 cm, i.e. there is no high-quality loosening of the soil and incorporation of weed seeds to the required depth. In addition, weed destruction is not carried out.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is to improve the quality of soil cultivation and the destruction of weeds.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a combine harvester with a soil-cultivating body containing a header, a straw chopper and spreader and a soil-cultivating organ installed between the header and a grain-spreader, according to a utility model, a rotary hoe is used as a soil-cultivating organ.

The novelty of the claimed technical result lies in the fact that a rotary hoe is used as a tillage organ. This technical solution, due to the greater penetrating ability of the working bodies, allows for intensive cultivation of the soil crust, destruction of weed vegetation and seeding of weed and scavenger seeds to a depth of 3-4 cm in one pass.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by the drawing, where figure 1 shows a combine harvester, and figure 2 is a diagram of the work of the tillage organ.

A combine harvester with a soil-cultivating organ, comprising a header 1, a straw chopper 2 and a soil-cultivating organ 3 installed between the header and the grinder-spreader 3, which is used as a rotary hoe.

Combine harvester operates as follows. During the operation of the combine harvester, its header 1 cuts off the grain mass and feeds it to the threshing drum through an inclined chamber (not shown in the figure). The working bodies of the rotational hoe, installed between the reaper 1 and the grinder-spreader 2, adhere to the soil and begin rotation, making up to 150 injections per 1 m ² and completely destroying the soil crust and weed vegetation. In this case, the seeds of weeds and scavengers are planted to a depth of 3-4 cm. Next, the combine chopper-spreader 2 covers the just-treated soil with chopped straw. Such tillage allows you to save residual and moisture of precipitation, to destroy weeds, to plant weed seeds to the required depth, to create a close contact with the soil. Received full weed seedlings can be destroyed in the future during the next soil preparation operation by mechanical means or herbicides in accordance with the selected technology.

Claims (1)

A combine harvester with a soil-cultivating organ, comprising a header, a straw chopper and spreader and a soil-cultivating organ installed between the header and the chopper-spreader, characterized in that a rotary hoe is used as a soil cultivating organ.

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