RU2717976C1 - Method for wild hemp elimination by means of its suppression with sowing melilot (melilotus) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. According to the method, wild hemp is killed by sowing melilot. In the first year the soil is disked with subsequent sowing of melilot by hand spreading. In the second year, 5-time cutting is performed for summer, starting from May 25, in the third year hemp is replaced by melilot and motley grass.EFFECT: method makes it possible to destroy wild hemp by means of its suppression and substitution with melilot by an agricultural crop, and in subsequent years – by motley grass.1 cl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for the destruction of hemp by its suppression by sowing of clover.

Prototype 1. There is a method of biological control of hemp on arable land in the conditions of Yakutia (RF patent No. 2488990, 05.20.2011, A01G 7/06), in which green manure pairs are created on arable land in the first year by plowing the green mass of hemp before flowering. From the second year, the growth of green mass of oats grown from early spring sowing - at the end of May - at the beginning of June, followed by plowing of hemp mass before flowering by plowing together with the green mass of oats in the earing phase, and from the third year on, repeating the second-year control methods alternating crops of major crops. The method allows you to gradually destroy hemp on arable land without the use of herbicides.

Prototype 2. There is a known method of combating wild hemp by sowing sosnovsky cowberry (RF patent No. 2463772, 12/23/2010, A01G 7/00), including mechanical operations - depletion, harvesting of wild hemp, peeling, plowing, presowing tillage, after which Harvesting wild hemp in the third decade of April or in the second decade of September sow the seeds of cow parsnip with a seeding rate of 25 kg / ha, during the growing season, 2-3 inter-row cultivations are carried out, in the third decade of May sow the seeds of the cow parsnip Sosnowski to insure t of possible thinning of crops, and the sowing and tillage operations are carried out for the first two years, in the first year, seeds for sowing are obtained from the areas of Sosnowski hogweed, in the second year the hogweed is propagated by self-sowing, and in the third year, the hemp growing areas are completely destroyed.

Prototype 3. Known methodological manual "Tips for methods of combating hemp in the conditions of Yakutia" / comp. Abramov A.F., Emelyanova A.G., Popova M.G., Everstova U.K., Protopopova A.V .; FGBNU YANIISH. - Yakutsk: Autonomous Institution “Consulting and Methodological Center of the Agro-Industrial Complex PC (Y)”, 2015. - 17 pages, which describe the well-known chemical, physical, mechanical and biological methods of cannabis control, including methods of provocation by cultivators to induce seeds to germinate, dry and freezing weed roots by pulling them out by cultivators, repeatedly cutting weeds, introducing crops that can suppress certain types of weeds, using insects that feed on weeds (phytophages), using phytopathogenic organisms, the use of biosynthesis products of organisms, some bacteria and fungi that are safe for cultivated plants and humans; and the use of birds that destroy weed seeds.

The disadvantage of prototype 1 is that the introduced culture is oats. The possibility of using oats is limited by the high demands of this crop on the soil. Oats do not grow on saline and alkaline soils with low fertility, which limits its use.

The disadvantage of prototype 2 is that the introduced culture is Sosnowski hogweed. This plant has the ability to completely destroy natural ecosystems. Leaves and fruits contain furanocoumarins, which cause burns and bullous dermatitis in humans and animals. Since January 1, 2015, Sosnovsky’s hogweed has lost the status of an agricultural crop, and since December 2015 it has been included in the industry classification of weeds of the Russian Federation.

The disadvantage of prototype 3 is that chemical methods involve the use of herbicides that negatively affect the environment. Physical methods such as burning dry grass are prohibited in the Russian Federation. The disadvantages of using known methods of combating wild hemp are the inaccessibility of most abandoned farmland occupied by wild hemp to drive vehicles, low efficiency, high costs for organizing detachments, renting equipment, purchasing diesel fuel, etc. It is advisable to plow twice - before flowering and in the fall, which is economically costly. Effective hemp control technologies using insects that feed on weeds, the use of phytopathogenic organisms, the use of biosynthesis products of organisms, some bacteria and fungi that are safe for cultivated plants and humans, and the use of birds that exterminate weed seeds are not yet available.

The technical task of the invention is the destruction of wild hemp by suppressing and replacing it with agricultural crops, and in subsequent years by herbs.

The technical result is solved by the fact that the destruction of wild hemp is carried out by sowing sweet clover, a two-year fodder drought-tolerant, salt-tolerant agricultural crops, on saline, arid soils of abandoned farmland without the use of pesticides, pre-sowing tillage like peeling, plowing and harrowing.

The claimed method of destroying wild hemp by suppressing melilotus sowing (Melilotus) differs from the prototype in that it is sown on abandoned saline, arid agricultural land, while in the first year the root system is intensively formed, in the second year of life, the aerial part begins to develop in spring, reaching heights of up to 170 cm. The root system enters the soil en masse up to 40-50 cm, up to a maximum of 70-100 cm, enriches the soil with nitrogen, the wells formed by the roots contribute to soil aeration, its moistening, called phytomelioration of the soil.

The technical efficiency of the invention is the destruction of wild hemp by suppressing and replacing sweet clover in the second year, and in subsequent years by herbs. To do this, in the conditions of Yakutia, at the end of May, disking, leveling of the soil surface with subsequent sowing by scattering by hand is performed. Seeds find moist gaps between the clods, protected from the sun and begin to grow. In the first year of vegetation, clover is eaten by grazing cattle, but actively forms a powerful root system to the entire depth of the active layer. With the loss of the first snow, it continues to grow under the snow. The herding horses of Yakutia, smashing in the winter, smelling sweet clover, tearing up snow, simultaneously breaking hemp stems by freezing its seeds. In the second year in spring, with snow thawing at + 5 ° С, the clover begins to grow ahead of other plant species with the help of developed roots. The aerial part attracts domestic and wild animals. Drought resistance of clover is due to the fact that it absorbs melt water free of salt. With the onset of heat, the soil thaws deeper and deeper providing the plant with water and nutrients. The clover grows up to 3-5 cm per day, but cattle herd and high stems of hemp strongly inhibit the clover and prevent it from growing, and the clover greatly lags behind hemp in growth. The first cannabis mowing is carried out on May 25, the last at this time reaches a height of 30-50 cm. After withering, the hemp stems lose the smell of tetrahydrocannabinol. Animals attracted by the smell of growing clover eat it along with hemp stalks that are harmless after withering. During the summer, cannabis mowing is performed up to 5 times during the summer and 5 times dried hemp is eaten by animals along with the clover. In the third and subsequent years, hemp is replaced by melilot and herbs.

Claims (1)

A method of destroying wild hemp on abandoned salted, arid agricultural land, characterized in that the destruction of wild hemp is carried out by sowing the clover, while in the first year, the soil is discarded, followed by the sowing of the clover by hand spreading, in the second year a 5-fold mowing is performed during the summer Starting from May 25, in the third year, hemp is replaced by clover and herbs.