RU2728606C1 - Method of potato biological protection from colorado potato beetle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and ecology, in particular to biological methods for controlling Colorado potato beetle. Method involves using scaring plants before potatoes planting. Repellent is represented by a winter camelina which is sown in autumn with spaces between rows of 70 cm in amount of 1/3 of the norm. In spring potatoes are planted in rows spacing of winter camelina.

EFFECT: method provides simplification and expansion of assortment of potato protection from Colorado potato beetle.

1 cl, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of ecology, in particular to biological methods of combating the Colorado potato beetle and can be used to reduce the toxic load on ecosystems.

There is a known method in which the Colorado potato beetle is destroyed with the help of common dope and Lobel's hellebore (RF patent No. 2586901, publ. 10.06.2016, A01M 1/00).

However, the known method is not effective enough, since the plants used are very rare. In addition, to implement the method, a mixture of dried dope and hellebore plants is added to an aqueous solution of salicylic acid, followed by spraying of potato plants.

The closest technical solution is a method where flax waste is used to combat the Colorado potato beetle on the soil surface and when plowing them into the soil (patent No. 219110, publ. 27.12.2002, IPC A01M 1/00, А01В 79/02).

The disadvantage of the prototype method is that the used waste (up to 10 kg / ha) can not always be purchased, since they are concentrated in the zone of cultivation and processing of flax. In addition, for scattering waste on the soil surface, it is necessary to grind it and use the appropriate technique, which complicates the process of technical solution.

The technical result is to simplify the method and expand the range of methods that scare off the Colorado potato beetle.

The technical essence lies in the fact that the method of biological protection of potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle, including the use of repelling plants before planting potatoes, in contrast to the prototype, uses winter camelina as a deterrent, which is sown in the fall with row spacing of 70 cm in the amount of 1/3 of norms, and in the spring they plant potatoes in the aisles of winter camelina.

The method is carried out as follows.

Plants of winter camelina (Camelina silvetris subsp / pilosa N. Sing) oilseed crop containing a complex of essential oils. These are important inhibitors of the growth of a number of weed plants, effectively repelling pests, in particular the Colorado potato beetle.

Plants contain a number of acids, including ferulic and n-coumaric, which are phenolic inhibitors for pests. Camelina seeds sown in autumn create unfavorable conditions for the emergence of the Colorado potato beetle in spring for laying eggs on young potato leaves. Usually, a beetle that has overwintered in the soil comes to the surface of the soil at a temperature of 15 ° C. By this time, the highly winter-resistant camelina is quite well developed (plant height is more than 20 cm).

Plants exude essential oils that inhibit and repel the Colorado potato beetle. At the same time, the vegetative plants of camelina in row spacing of 70 cm are like a lighthouse crop for even planting of potatoes. In addition, in the process of development of this lighthouse culture, the germination of weeds slows down, which reduces the number of cultivation of potato rows and the introduction of herbicides. In late May - early June, the flowering of the saffron milk cap begins, which further inhibits the flight of the beetle and the germination of weeds.

By this stage of flowering, potato tubers begin to ripen and, if necessary, to obtain young potatoes, they are dug out with the simultaneous cutting of growing mushroom plants, which can be used as a mulching agent to prevent the growth of late weeds.

Method parameters: 1/3 of the seeding rate from the generally applied sowing rate is explained by the high allelopathic ability of camelina and, in thinned sowing, to develop plants with maximum bushiness and a large number of generative shoots, which scare away potato pests and inhibit the germination of weeds in the aisles.

After harvesting the potatoes, the remaining stems and leaves of the camelina contribute to a decrease in the amount of camelina in the potato growing area.

Example

In the fall, in the first decade of October, a plot was prepared for sowing a small-seeded crop of winter camelina, which was sown with a grass seeder in an amount of 3 kg / ha or 1/3 of the seeding rate (from 9 kg / ha) with row spacing of 70 cm. In the second decade of April, in spring, potatoes were planted in row spacing of winter camelina. During the growing season, plant development was monitored and potato pests were counted. The area of the experimental site was 1 hectare. A control plot of potatoes (without sowing camelina) was placed at a distance of 500 m from the camelina crops. The results of the experiment are summarized in table 1.

Thus, it follows from the table that the most effective variant of the method is achieved when planting potatoes in the aisles of camelina with a rate of 1/3 of the seeding rate in the aisles (Example 1).

The proposed method for biological protection of potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle does not require additional costs for expensive chemicals for the destruction of beetles. Application of the proposed method on large areas will significantly reduce costs and get environmentally friendly quality products. At the same time, camelina also repels other potato pests. The remaining camelina plants, followed by incorporation into the soil, enrich it with organic matter.

The implementation of the method does not require any special devices and expensive reagents and is achievable in any farm using conventional agricultural machinery.

Claims (1)

A method of biological protection of potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle, including the use of repelling plants before planting potatoes, characterized in that winter camelina is used as a deterrent, which is sown in the fall with row spacing of 70 cm in an amount of 1/3 of the norm, and in spring potatoes are planted in row spacing of winter camelina.