RU2750754C2 - Method for protecting land from spread of sosnowsky's hogweed - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture. The method includes a set of complex measures to control hogweed in the summer period - in the first half of the summer with the consistent implementation of agrotechnical techniques for the weed treatment: 1) complete mowing of the hogweed in the period from reaching a height of 40-50 cm until the appearance of seed stems, but prior to opening of the umbels; 2) re-mowing after 2 weeks; 3) after 7-10 days, treatment with herbicides – with roundup, tornado in recommended doses; 4) 3 weeks after the result monitoring, sowing of perennial grasses forming the sod - those of tufted hair grass, bushgrass, French ryegrass, red clover.EFFECT: method provides a highly effective complete destruction of the weed in a controlled area.1 cl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used for practical implementation on the lands of small agricultural enterprises: farms, household plots, gardening partnerships, as well as forestry enterprises. In addition, the present invention can be used by environmental departments of municipalities in various fields for weed control on non-agricultural land.

Sosnovsky's hogweed is a malicious weed that became widespread in Russia at the end of the 20th century. and at the beginning of the XXI century. Sosnovsky's hogweed is an alien plant for central Russia. It appeared on the territory of our country in the middle of the 20th century. after the Great Patriotic War, when it was necessary to increase the production of feed for the needs of agriculture. Cow parsnip has been proposed as a valuable silage crop. However, scientists did not immediately pay attention to the danger that comes from Sosnovsky's hogweed. The plant, which has a huge size (the height of the peduncles is up to 4 m, the leaves are huge in comparison with the local flora), causes burns like dermatitis. Near this plant, all herbs and some shrubs die, since Sosnovsky's cow parsnip shades and releases other depressing substances (furocoumarins). In the Russian Federation, Sosnovsky's hogweed every year captures new lands, thereby increasing its harm to all living organisms and the national economy.

The urgency of the problem is determined by the fact that in the fields and especially in hayfields, this plant has become an intractable weed, which is associated with great economic damage. Where Sosnovsky's hogweed grows, cultivated plants (cereals, vegetable crops) do not grow or are strongly oppressed. In hay, Sosnovsky's hogweed is undesirable: its foliage crumbles during the tedding stage, and the tough stems that remain in the hay are not eaten by livestock. On pastures, cattle bypasses the Sosnovsky hogweed. Feeding this plant together with silage leads to a deterioration in the quality of marketable products: milk acquires a bitter taste, and meat acquires a characteristic unpleasant odor inherent in this plant.

The danger of the Sosnovsky hogweed problem is associated not only with the threat to human health and livestock coming into direct contact with the plant, but also harm to cultivated crops, which, when infested with Sosnovsky hogweed, yield lower yields. The growth of Sosnovsky's hogweed leads to the impoverishment of the species diversity of natural and natural-anthropogenic ecosystems. In this regard, large losses are associated with the lands used as hayfields. Valuable cereals, herbs eventually completely drop out of the grass stand and can be completely replaced by Sosnovsky's hogweed.

Currently, several methods have been tested to combat unwanted hogweed thickets, including regular mowing, plowing, the use of herbicides, grazing of special breeds of cattle, and manual weeding [1-4]. For example, there is a method for the destruction of thickets of a giant hogweed, including restoration of the landscape by forming a sod layer by sowing grass seeds, according to the invention, in early spring after the emergence of seedlings, an infected area is isolated and, taking into account the relief, areas are formed, a protective carpet is laid on the surface of the formed area of a continuous flexible permeable material density, ensuring the penetration of the roots of grasses through it, for example, from a geosynthetic material with a density of 100 g / m ² , the carpet is covered with clean soil at least 5 cm high, and in the area with a slope before backfilling, geogrids are installed on the protective carpet to protect against erosion, then sowing dominant grasses of a given area with an increased seeding rate of 10-30 kg / ha with simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers taken in an effective amount. Grass mixtures are used as herbs, selected from the group: meadow bluegrass, meadow foxtail, awnless rump, red fescue [2].

A known method for the destruction of hogweed, selected for the prototype, including the treatment of the site with herbicides of systemic action, which have soil activity [3].

The above methods are environmentally unsafe and insufficiently effective. Taking into account the rapid regeneration of the Sosnovsky hogweed, the possibility of seed germination, sprout flowering and seed contamination of adjacent lands is not excluded.

There are biological methods of combating creeping bitterness by introducing into the soil the larvae of the bitter nematode [4], with the hogweed Sosnovsky — the caterpillars of butterflies of local origin [1].

The above methods of fighting hogweed (mechanical, chemical, biological) do not guarantee 100% destruction of weeds in the cultivated area with a single application, i.e. it is impossible to completely get rid of the weed in one go. Incorrect alternation of known methods can, on the contrary, lead to an increase in the number of hogweed or provoke its spread to border areas.

The proposed invention - "A method of protecting land from the spread of Sosnovsky hogweed" - is a set of complex measures to combat hogweed in the summer - in the first half of summer, characterized by the consistent implementation of agrotechnical methods for weed processing. The season was chosen by us as the period of time during which the fight against Sosnovsky's hogweed is most effective.

The technical result of the claimed invention consists in the development of a highly effective and medium-cost "Method of protecting lands from the spread of Sosnovsky's cow parsnip", and is achieved by the fact that after the primary one-time processing of the territory by one of the methods, further options are proposed as a continuation of the fight using one of the other methods to achieve the full result , the essence of which is the complete destruction of weeds in the controlled area.

Implementation of the invention. A method of protecting land from the spread of Sosnovsky's hogweed, which is a set of complex measures to combat hogweed in the summer - in the first half of summer, characterized by the consistent implementation of agrotechnical methods for processing weeds:

1) complete mowing of the hogweed in the period from reaching a height of 40-50 cm until the appearance of arrows with buds, but before the blooming of flower umbrellas;

2) re-mowing after 2 weeks;

3) after 7-10 days, herbicide treatment - roundup, tornado in recommended doses;

4) 3 weeks after observing the results of sowing sod-forming perennial grasses: turf pike, ground reed grass, French ryegrass, red clover.

Note that the introduction of land into crop rotation leads to the disappearance of the Sosnovsky hogweed.

Our proposed "Method for protecting land from the spread of Sosnovsky hogweed" is based on several verified facts.

1. Sosnovsky's hogweed prefers sunny open spaces. Adult plants inhibit seed germination. The hogweed blooms once in a lifetime, after which the plant dies off. Repeated mowing depletes the weed. After mowing, the plant re-forms peduncles. The seeds of hogweed remain viable for several years.

2. The essence of the proposed "Method for protecting land from the spread of Sosnovsky's hogweed" is to alternate measures that deplete the weed (mowing), with measures that provoke the germination of new seeds (creating a well-lit space after mowing) and the subsequent destruction of the maximum possible number of plants of the last year and seedlings chemical method. Subsequent sowing of the vacated space with other crops gives a positive result, because hogweed grows on mostly disturbed soils, devoid of natural vegetation.

The novelty of the declared "Method of protecting land from the spread of Sosnovsky's hogweed" consists in a set of complex measures with the consistent implementation of agrotechnical methods for processing weeds and mandatory follow-up measures for land reclamation in order to achieve the best result - the destruction of hogweed in the cultivated area.

"The method of protecting land from the spread of Sosnovsky hogweed" was tested in the north-west of the Moscow region. The tests carried out on a limited area of 15 hectares were 90% successful. This "Method of protecting land from the spread of Sosnovsky hogweed" has shown itself to be highly effective and medium-cost. Thus, the possibility of re-overgrowing of the land with hogweed is reduced within 5-6 years and due to this, the cost of cultivating the land with herbicides is significantly reduced.

Claims (5)

A method of protecting land from the spread of Sosnovsky's hogweed, which is a set of complex measures to combat hogweed in the summer - in the first half of summer, characterized by the consistent implementation of agrotechnical methods for processing weeds: 1) complete mowing of the hogweed in the period from reaching a height of 40-50 cm until the appearance of arrows with buds, but before the blooming of flower umbrellas; 2) re-mowing after 2 weeks; 3) after 7-10 days, herbicide treatment - roundup, tornado in recommended doses; 4) 3 weeks after observing the results of sowing sod-forming perennial grasses: turf pike, ground reed grass, French ryegrass, red clover.