RU2790866C1 - Method of destroying cow parsnip - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular, to methods for the destruction of unwanted vegetation, namely, thickets of Sosnowski cow parsnip on agricultural land. The method for the destruction of cow parsnip is that the area infected with cow parsnip is mowed in the first half of September, moldboard tillage is carried out to a depth of at least 25-30 cm. In spring, at a temperature of 12-15°C, disking is performed in two tracks to a depth of 10-15 cm with a heavy disc harrow, and at an absolute moisture content of 18-23% of the soil layer, cultivation is carried out to a depth of 8-10 cm. Early maturing varieties of Jerusalem artichoke are planted in chopped ridges with a distance between tubers in a row of 16 cm, to a depth of 8-12 cm, with a planting density of 90-95 thousand tubers/ha. 7-10 days after planting, row spacing is harrowed. Upon reaching by the Jerusalem artichoke of 12-15 cm height, re-harrowing is carried out. In autumn, Jerusalem artichoke stalks are mowed, and the tubers are left in the soil for the winter.

EFFECT: provides effective suppression of cow parsnip.

1 cl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to methods for the destruction of unwanted vegetation, namely, thickets of hogweed Sosnowski on agricultural land.

A known method for the destruction of hogweed Sosnovsky, including the treatment of the weedy area with herbicides of systemic action, with soil activity. Immediately after treatment, the soil on the site is loosened with a bed turnover to a depth of 10-15 cm. Then, a second treatment with a selective herbicide is carried out. A sod cover is formed by sowing grass seeds resistant to a selective herbicide (RF patent No. 2297141, IPC A01M 21/00).

The disadvantage of the known method is the short duration of the herbicide action during the treatment of vegetative plants, since the soil contains a large supply of hogweed seeds, which are not affected by the herbicide and after the death of vegetative plants they sprout and form new thickets of hogweed, the destruction of which requires re-treatment. In total, up to three treatments are required during the growing season, which requires a lot of labor and money. The method is environmentally unsafe and not effective enough.

A known method for the destruction of thickets of giant hogweed on non-agricultural lands (RF patent No. 2399204, A01M 21/00), including landscape restoration by forming a sod layer by sowing grass seeds. In early spring, after the emergence of seedlings, the infected area is isolated and, taking into account the relief, plots are formed, a protective carpet made of a continuous flexible permeable material is laid on the surface of the formed area, which ensures the penetration of the roots of turf grasses through it, the carpet is covered with clean soil with a height of at least 5 cm, and in the area with geogrids are installed on the carpet on the slope before backfilling to protect the soil from erosion, then sodding dominant grasses of the area are sown with an increased seeding rate of 10-30 kg / ha with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers taken in an effective amount, for sowing also use the grass mixture selected from the group: meadow bluegrass, meadow foxtail, awnless brome, red fescue.

The disadvantages of this method are a large number (at least five) labor-intensive and high-cost technological operations, some of which must be performed manually - the formation of the surface of the site, the laying of a protective carpet, the installation of geogrids, the delivery and backfilling of clean soil in large volumes, sowing grass seeds. In addition, it is impossible to lay a protective carpet in areas with difficult terrain, with a large number of large stones and boulders. In addition, the roots of the hogweed Sosnowski violate the integrity of the polymer film, while there is a possibility of germination of seedlings of hogweed and, after a certain period of time, the polymer film must be removed, which naturally complicates the method. Fertilization will create more favorable conditions for the growth and development of Sosnowski's hogweed.

There is a known method for the destruction of Sosnovsky's hogweed, which consists in growing replacement crops on the plot, and as replacement crops, Norway spruce and / or Scotch pine are used, for this, 3-10-year-old seedlings of these trees are planted on the plot with hogweed in increments of 1-1.5 meters with a distance between rows of 1-2 meters (RF patent No. 2706466, A01M 21/00).

The disadvantage of this method is the long period of growth of coniferous trees, so pines in the first 5-10 years of life grow in height, after the start of fruiting, their growth slows down, and only by 30-50 years the trees begin to grow more in breadth, the crown becomes more spreading. By this time, the cow parsnip will expand its distribution area many times over. In addition, the use of coniferous trees as replacement crops in the agricultural area for crop production is not possible.

There is a known method for the destruction of Sosnovsky's hogweed by covering the surface of the infected soil area with a protective layer, followed by application to the protective layer of soil, in which sodding herbs are sown, while the soil layer is first removed from the infected area to a depth of 8-10 cm and applied evenly over the entire area of the infected section layer of hydrated lime Ca(OH) ₂ containing magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH) ₂ not more than 5 wt. % in the amount of 5-10 kg/m ² (RF patent No. 2706552, A01M 21/00).

The disadvantages of this method are the high labor intensity and complexity of the operations, including the removal of the soil layer from the infected area, covering it with slaked lime, applying a new layer of earth to the lime layer and leveling it, and then sowing perennial grasses. In addition, significant costs for these works and materials are not economically feasible.

Closest to the proposed method is a method for the destruction of cow parsnip, including plowing the soil of areas clogged with cow parsnip, disking them, followed by planting a replacement crop, while plowing the soil is carried out to the depth of the arable layer of row crops or potatoes, Jerusalem artichoke is used as a replacement crop, planting in the soil Jerusalem artichoke is produced at a rate of 1500-2000 kg/ha, and before planting Jerusalem artichoke tubers are treated with physiologically active substances at a dose of 30-300 mg/ha (Application for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2017126571, A01G 1/00).

The disadvantages of this method are: insufficient depth of processing (plowing with the turnover of the formation) of the arable layer, leading to incomplete incorporation of some of the seeds and roots of hogweed in the soil, which leads to their re-germination (renewal); insignificant planting density of Jerusalem artichoke on the site, which is necessary for the complete replacement of hogweed, the absence of harrowing between rows, which ensures the destruction of seedlings and weed shoots before the start of replacement crop shoots.

The technical objective of the proposed method is to increase the efficiency of the destruction of hogweed in the fields of agricultural purposes by creating unfavorable conditions for its germination.

The above technical result is achieved by the fact that the area infected with Sosnowsky's hogweed is mowed in the first half of September, then ten days later, autumn deep (moldboard) tillage is performed on the site with wrapping the cultivated layer to a depth of at least 25-30 cm, then in spring at a temperature of 12 -15°C of the ambient air, it is disked in two tracks to a depth of 10-15 cm with a heavy disc harrow, after the soil layer dries up at its absolute humidity of 18-23%, cultivation is carried out to a depth of 8-10 cm, after which the ridges are cut and early ripening varieties of Jerusalem artichoke with a distance between tubers in a row equal to 16 cm to a depth of 8-12 cm with a planting density of 90-95 thousand tubers / ha, 7-10 days after planting, harrowing of row spacings is carried out and when the height of Jerusalem artichoke reaches 12-15 cm, a second harrowing.

Example. Field studies of the application of the method were carried out on an experimental plot with a long-term mass growth of Sosnowsky's hogweed with a total area of 0.5 ha in 2020-2022. The average infestation of the site with hogweed was 28 pcs/m ² with a weed height of 0.4-0.45 m.

Previously, in the first half of September 2020, the area infected with Sosnowsky's hogweed was mowed, then ten days later, deep moldboard plowing was carried out on the site to a depth of at least 25-30 cm. the depth of the seeds in the soil, favorable for the emergence of seedlings, is up to 5 cm, while the roots of the hogweed turn over and plow.

In the spring of 2021, on a plot plowed since autumn, when the average ambient temperature reached 12-15°C, to cut and loosen the inverted soil layers, the plot was disked in two tracks to a depth of 10-15 cm with a heavy disc harrow. After drying the soil layer at its absolute humidity of 18-23%, the area was cultivated to a depth of 8-10 cm using cultivators with lancet paws, during which the germinated seedlings of hogweed were destroyed.

The next day, the ridges were cut with a row spacing of 70 cm over the entire area of the plot with a cultivator-ridge former. Jerusalem artichoke was planted in chopped ridges to a depth of 8-12 cm with a distance between tubers in a row of 16 cm at a planting density of 90-95 thousand tubers/ha using a potato planter with a spoon-disk planter.

For replacement, the Jerusalem artichoke variety "Skorospelka" was used - an early ripening variety that yields tubers by the end of September. This variety allows you to cultivate it in central Russia. The use of this culture was due primarily to the fact that its root system is quite powerful and deep, a straight strong stem reaches a height of 40 cm to 1.5-2 meters and above. Flowering in the European part of Russia in August - October.

On the 7th-10th day after planting the Jerusalem artichoke, the aisles were harrowed with rotary loosening harrows. When the Jerusalem artichoke reached a height of 12-15 cm, repeated harrowing was carried out with the simultaneous destruction of 5-7 cm high hogweed seedlings that appeared on the ridges.

In late autumn, the stems of Jerusalem artichoke, and possibly Sosnovsky's hogweed (the remaining single plants) were mowed down. Jerusalem artichoke tubers were left in the soil for the winter, in the spring they germinated and gave bushy shoots, which made it possible to suppress the weed shoots that remained and sprouted from seeds and roots.

As a result of the proposed method for the destruction of hogweed, it is effectively suppressed at low technological costs. After that, it is possible to introduce this field into an agricultural crop rotation, for example, to carry out undercover sowing of agricultural crops (cereals and perennial grasses).

Claims (1)

A method for the destruction of hogweed, including plowing the soil of areas infested with hogweed, disking them, followed by planting Jerusalem artichoke, characterized in that the area infected with hogweed is mowed in the first half of September, moldboard tillage is carried out to a depth of at least 25-30 cm, then in spring at at a temperature of 12-15 ° C of the ambient air, disking is carried out in two tracks to a depth of 10-15 cm with a heavy disc harrow and at an absolute humidity of 18-23% of the soil layer, cultivation is carried out to a depth of 8-10 cm, early ripening varieties of Jerusalem artichoke are planted in cut ridges with a distance between tubers in a row 16 cm, to a depth of 8-12 cm, with a planting density of 90-95 thousand tubers / ha, 7-10 days after planting, the aisles are harrowed, when the Jerusalem artichoke reaches a height of 12-15 cm, re-harrowing is carried out, in autumn the stems Jerusalem artichoke is mowed, and the tubers are left in the soil for the winter.