RU2569825C1 - Method of controlling weed herbaceous vegetation in forest plantations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises grassing between the rows by sowing the seeds of a multicomponent natural steppe grass mixture obtained in the areas of virgin steppe. The seeds of the grass mixture are obtained from grass stand which grows under natural conditions on the same type of soil cover, where the plantation is located. After sowing the seeds of grass mixture, before germination, the soil between rows of planted forests is compacted to a density corresponding to the density of the soil of naturally growing grass mixture in the areas of virgin steppe.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of destruction of weed herbaceous vegetation between the rows of forest plantations by creating favourable conditions for formation of a durable anti-weed cover of multicomponent natural steppe grass mixture.

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Description

The invention relates to forestry and can be used to combat weedy grass vegetation in forest plantations after planting.

There is a method of caring for forest plantations (Protective afforestation. Under the general editorship of EP Zaborovsky, Voronezh Regional Book Publishing House, 1949, p. 85-87). A well-known solution is to cultivate row-spacing and weeding in the rows of planted planting until the crowns close and the forest litter forms.

Cultivation and weeding are necessary for the destruction of weedy grass vegetation (weeds or grassy vegetation), which creates competition for woody plants and reduces their survival and development.

The disadvantage of this method is the relatively low efficiency of the destruction of weed grassy vegetation.

As a rule, 4-5 mechanized departures (cultivations) are carried out annually in rows, aisles and at the edges of plantations (forest stands) until the crowns of young trees close in rows, which usually occurs after 8-10 years after planting a forest stand with standard seedlings. Moreover, the effectiveness of cultivations is low, that is, there remains a significant amount of vegetative parts and seeds of weeds (weeds or weeds), from which new weeds are constantly being formed. This applies, for example, to perennial rhizome and root shoot weeds, such as medicinal dandelion, creeping wheat grass, pink thistle, field bindweed and others. Moreover, weeds have a powerful aboveground and underground (root system) mass. Compete with planted woody plants for light, moisture and nutrition, reducing their survival, growth and development.

The known "method of biological control of weeds in forest strips" (RF patent for the invention No. 2390983) is a prototype. The method consists in tearing the row-spacing by sowing perennial grasses, and as a seed material, a multicomponent natural steppe grass mixture obtained in areas of the virgin steppe is used.

Steppe grassy vegetation has a small above-ground mass, consumes few nutrients and soil moisture. Therefore, it does not compete with woody plants and is their favorable companion, especially in the first years after planting a forest plantation because dense cover (sod) is formed from steppe herbaceous vegetation, which inhibits and prevents the growth of weedy plants, which are weeds, in the rows of forest plantations . Therefore, in planted forest stands, aisles are occupied by steppe herbaceous vegetation, which is a useful forbs in forest stands.

A disadvantage of the known technical solution, as in the previous analogue, is the lack of effectiveness in the destruction of weed grassy vegetation.

The natural multicomponent grass mixture sown between rows is relatively slow and poorly taken root, since the conditions for its growth in the rows between newly planted trees do not correspond to the conditions for its natural growth (that is, they are unfavorable). These conditions include the type of soil cover and its density. The density of the soil cover plays an important role in the life of the species composition of grassy vegetation. Forest plantations are planted on recently plowed (cultivated), that is, loosened, soil (treatment is carried out, for example, on a black steam system), the density of which after treatment even after 1-2 months and over the next 3-4 years is approximately 0.6 -0.8 grams / centimeter cubic for ordinary chernozem. With such a density of soil, the developmental stage of weeds (grass plants) takes place, which most species of weed grasses, such as burdock, thistle, drooping thistle, pink sow thistle, and so on, just happen and only with time with natural soil compaction (in the Voronezh region for ordinary chernozem in a layer of 0-10 centimeters to 1-1.2 grams / centimeter cubic), the species composition of herbaceous plants gradually changes. Grass species, natural for given soil and climatic conditions, begin to grow, in particular, natural steppe grass mixture. Prior to this, the conditions between the planting aisles are favorable for weeds (weeds) and unfavorable for the steppe vegetation, which in this case is replaced by weeds (weeds).

In view of the foregoing, when using the prototype method, the survival rate of seeds of a natural steppe multicomponent grass mixture obtained in areas of the virgin steppe is low in the row spacings of the planted strip (along newly cultivated soil), creating a natural long-lasting weed cover from them is impossible. Row vegetation (weeds) occupies the aisles, because it falls into favorable soil density conditions and immediately displaces the sown natural steppe grass mixture and begins to oppress and compete for light, moisture, and food with woody plants.

Thus, the technical result consists in improving the efficiency of destruction of weedy grass vegetation in the aisles of planted forest stands by creating favorable conditions for the formation of a long-lasting weed cover from a multicomponent natural steppe grass mixture.

The technical result is achieved in that a method of controlling weedy herbaceous vegetation in forest stands, comprising tinning a row-spacing by sowing seeds of a multicomponent natural steppe grass mixture obtained in areas of the virgin steppe, characterized in that the grass mixture seeds are obtained from a grass mixture growing in natural conditions on the same the type of soil cover where the planting is located, and after sowing the seeds of the grass mixture, before the seedlings begin, the soil in the aisles of the forest stands is compacted to a density, respectively the existing soil density of naturally growing grass mixtures in the areas of the virgin steppe.

Signs: “the mixtures of grass mixtures are obtained from the herbage growing in natural conditions on the same type of soil cover as the forest stands, and after sowing the seeds of the grass mixtures, before the seedlings start, the soil in the rows between the forest stands is compacted to a density corresponding to the density of the soil of the naturally growing grass mixtures in the areas virgin steppes ”are essential, as they allow the presented solution to the problem to achieve a technical result.

The grass stand naturally formed on this type of soil cover (species composition of the grass mixture) is better suited to all other types of grasses for these soil conditions (for these types of grasses, such conditions are most favorable for growing). It is precisely this species composition that best competes under these conditions with species of weedy herbaceous plants that grow better in their natural environment on other types of soils in other soil conditions. Therefore, grass seeds for sowing in the aisles of forest stands are selected from the grass stand that grows under natural conditions on the same type of soil cover where the stands are located.

The natural (favorable) habitat of various plant species also includes soil density. For weedy grass vegetation (weeds), the characteristic habitat is loose, with a low density (of the order of 0.6-0.8 grams / centimeter cubic) of soil. At a higher density (1-1.2 grams / centimeter cubic soil), which is natural for steppe vegetation in the conditions of ordinary chernozems of the Voronezh region, weed plants (weeds) grow poorly, are oppressed by other types of plants, for example, the same steppe grassy plants, and fall out of the grass stand completely. In this case, their place begins to take steppe grassy vegetation. Therefore, after sowing the seeds of the grass mixture, before the seedlings begin, the soil in the planting aisles is compacted to the density of the soil of the naturally growing grass mixture in the areas of the virgin steppe. This helps to improve the efficiency of destruction of weedy grass vegetation, because it immediately falls into adverse living conditions and dies. Instead, under these conditions, steppe grassy vegetation grows well because these conditions are favorable for it, which contributes to the achievement of the technical result presented by the solution of the problem.

They compact the soil in the planting aisles after sowing the seeds of the grass mixture, before the seedlings start so that the sown seeds immediately begin to emerge and develop in favorable environmental conditions and can immediately suppress weed vegetation in the planting aisles, which also contributes to the achievement of the technical result by the presented solution of the problem. In addition, the seeds that germinate (their sprouts) can be damaged by compacting the soil, which will negatively affect their further development and adversely affect the achievement of a technical result.

The method is as follows. Preliminarily determine the type of soil cover where the forest stand will be planted. Then, in the areas of the virgin steppe, on the same type of soil cover where the forest stands will be planted, seeds of the steppe grass mixture are selected. Harvesting is carried out at the time of seed maturation of most of the prevailing species of herbs, usually twice during the growing season. The prevailing grass species in the steppes of the Voronezh region are cereals. Further, in the area where the forest plantation will be planted, the soil is cultivated in autumn for planting it. Then, in the spring, forest stands are planted (the density of the soil is approximately 0.6-0.8 grams / centimeter cubic) and the seeds of the multicomponent steppe grass mixture obtained in the areas of the virgin steppe are sown. They are sown using a fertilizer spreader type PH-0.5 in aggregate with a tractor MTZ-80, followed by harrowing. Then, the soil in the planting aisles, before the seedlings begin, is compacted using water-filled rollers in an aggregate with an MTZ-80 tractor to a density corresponding to the density of the naturally growing grass mixture in the areas of the virgin steppe (as a rule, in the Voronezh region about 1-1.2 grams / centimeter cubic), where the seeds were taken.

Thus, conditions are created for the poor growth and development of weeds (weeds) and good growth and development of steppe herbaceous plants. Under such conditions, the sown seeds of a natural multicomponent steppe grass mixture quickly (already at the end of the first year after sowing) form a continuous grass cover (turf) and completely suppress weedy vegetation (table 1).

Claims (1)

A method of combating weedy grass vegetation in forest stands, including tine spacing by sowing seeds of a multicomponent natural steppe grass mixture obtained in areas of the virgin steppe, characterized in that the grass mixture seeds are obtained from a grass stand growing in natural conditions on the same type of soil cover where afforestation, and after sowing the seeds of the grass mixture, before the seedlings begin, the soil in the spacing of the afforestation is compacted to a density corresponding to the density of the soil naturally which grows on the grass mixture in the areas of virgin steppe.