RU2594517C2 - Method of controlling perennial weed plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to weed control and can be used for destruction of perennial weed plants. In method of controlling perennial weed plants contaminated territory is identified taking into account relief. Sections are formed. Protective coating is laid. Coating is made in form of two-layer carpet. First layer is base from synthetic or natural fibres. Second layer is made of transparent and moisture proof material. Granules are laid between layers. Granules contain seeds of herbaceous plants, growth stimulators, adhesive filler. Composition of seed mixture is selected with due allowance for climatic conditions of region.

EFFECT: reduced labour costs; avoiding repeated treatment of section.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for the destruction of hard-to-eradicate perennial weed species of plants and may find application on agricultural and non-agricultural lands.

Perennial weeds - wild plants that live on land used as agricultural land. The damage caused by weeds is associated with both a decrease in productivity and a deterioration in the quality of agricultural products.

There is a method of combating perennial hardly eradicated weeds [Methodical recommendations for combating the uncontrolled spread of Sosnowski hogweed. Prepared by the Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences by order of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Komi. Syktyvkar 2008, 28 pp.], By repeatedly mowing the aerial parts. The disadvantages of the method are low efficiency, the need for repeated repetition.

A known method of destroying hogweed, including the treatment of vegetative plants of hogweed with a herbicide [Lazarev A.M. Caution Hogweed. Journal of Plant Protection and Quarantine; 2004; No. 6; from. 55]. The disadvantage of this method is the need for re-processing and the restriction on the use in settlements [Methodical recommendations for combating the uncontrolled spread of Sosnowski hogweed. Prepared by the Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences by order of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Komi. Syktyvkar, 2008, 28 pp.].

A known method of destroying cow parsnip [patent RU No. 2297141, priority 03.11.2005, published 04/20/2007], including treating the plot with systemic herbicides with soil activity, after which the soil in the plot is loosened with a layer revolution, to a depth of 10-15 cm, then make repeated treatment with a selective herbicide and form a sod cover by sowing seeds of grass resistant to a selective herbicide. The method has limitations defined by the hazard class of the herbicides used and the need for re-processing.

There is a method of destroying thickets of giant hogweed on non-agricultural land [patent RU No. 2399204, priority 09.09.2008, published 09/20/2010], selected as a prototype for the claimed method. This method includes restoring the landscape by forming a sod layer by sowing grass seeds. In early spring, after emergence, the infected territory is isolated and sites are formed taking into account the relief, a protective carpet of continuous flexible water-permeable geosynthetic material with a density of 100 g / m ^{2 is} laid on the surface of the formed area, which ensures the penetration of roots of grasses through it. The carpet is covered with clean soil with a height of at least 5 cm, in the area with a slope, before the backfilling, geo-gratings are installed on the protective carpet to protect them from erosion, then sowing grass dominants of the given area are sown with an increased sowing rate of 10-30 kg / ha with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers . The disadvantages of this method are: the complexity, restrictions on the type of land on which it can be applied.

The objective of the invention is to provide a highly effective method of combating perennial hard-to-eradicate weeds, with a large habit, which does not require re-processing of the site, which does not require large labor costs.

The technical result of the invention is the complete destruction of weed vegetation on a land plot for any purpose by a single exposure while forming a sod cover (lawn) that impedes the settlement of seeds of unwanted vegetation, large habitat in a cleaned area.

In the proposed method, completely biodegradable materials can be used, which makes it possible to use it on any surfaces, including agricultural lands.

The method is optimal for the destruction of unwanted and potentially dangerous vegetation on the territory of settlements, on the sidelines of cultivated fields, road lanes, along the slopes of river banks and water bodies.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a method of controlling perennial weeds, including the allocation of contaminated territory, taking into account the topography, the formation of sites, the laying of a protective coating from a continuous flexible permeable geosynthetic material, sowing of grass-dominant dominant plants in a given area with an increased seeding rate of 10-30 kg / ha, according to the invention, the sowing of perennial herbs is carried out simultaneously with the laying of the protective coating, the protective coating is made in the form of a two-layer carpet, the first layer is it is a base made of synthetic or natural fibers, the second layer is made in the form of a light-permeable material, between the layers there are granules with a density sufficient to fulfill the functions of ballast, and attached to the base, the granules contain seeds of herbaceous plants and / or growth stimulants, an adhesive filler that provides granule retention, the composition of the seed mixture is selected taking into account the agro-climatic conditions of the region in which the method is supposed to be used.

The inventors introduced the following notation.

"Herbamate" is a two-layer carpet, the first layer is a base of synthetic or natural fibers, the second layer is made in the form of a light-permeable material, granules are located between the layers.

The composition of the granules includes: an adhesive filler containing water-retaining components that can hold the seeds of herbaceous plants and has a density sufficient to perform the function of ballast (holding tissue on the surface of the soil under the influence of wind); and / or plant growth stimulants in the required amount; seeds of herbaceous plants. The composition of the seed mixture is selected taking into account the agroclimatic conditions of the region in which the invention is intended to be used.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings and photographs:

- in fig. Figure 1 shows the “Herbamate” scheme, containing its general appearance and structure: under number 1. various types and options of bases are shown (biodegradable polymer, nonwoven materials, burlap, organic nonwoven materials (coconut, flax, straw), + reinforcing elements, drainage, fastenings); under the number 2. shows the granules, their location on the basis, as well as options for their shapes; under the number 2.1. shows the seeds that make up the granules, under the number 2.2. - adhesive filler (performing the functions of ballast containing water-retaining components), which is part of the granules; under the number 2.3. - growth stimulator, which is part of the granules; under the figure 3. wind-permeable material (gauze, etc.) is depicted;

- in fig. 2 shows photographs of prototypes of "Herbamate" on two different bases: synthetic (A) and biodegradable (B). The upper row shows samples with small spherical granules (prototype in 2013), and the lower row with larger square-shaped granules (prototype in 2014). In the bottom row is a part of the protective coating, top covered with a layer of light-permeable material (gauze), which prevents the evaporation of moisture and protects the seeds in granules from excess sunlight and drying out;

- in fig. 3 presents photographs of prototypes on biodegradable (A) and synthetic (B). The granules and seedlings of lawn grass mixtures are depicted. The experiment was conducted in 2013;

- in fig. Figure 4 presents photographs of the Herbamat prototypes with large square granules based on burlap a week after laying the experiment, part of the protective coating on top is covered with a layer of light-permeable material (gauze). Biodegradable (A) and synthetic (B) materials were used as the basis. The experiments were carried out in 2014;

- in fig. Figure 5 presents photographs of the prototypes (2014) of the "Herbamata" in the study area 3 weeks after the laying of the experiment. A synthetic fabric was used as a base in the upper row, and biodegradable in the lower row. A - part of the protective coating, which at the beginning of the experiment was covered with a layer of light-permeable material (gauze); B — a portion of the protective coating that was without an upper layer of light-permeable material throughout the entire observation period.

In conditions of sufficient water supply, the root system of the seedlings penetrates the protective coating, fixes the "Herbamate" in the soil and creates a dense sod layer that prevents the growth of weeds. Seeds and underground parts of weeds will die after a period of time determined by their species characteristics. The formed turf layer can be used as a lawn. For the use of "Herbamate" for the purpose of further exploitation of the land for other purposes, the protective coating is made of biodegradable material. The destruction rate of such material is selected depending on the species characteristics of weed vegetation, which is subject to destruction.

The composition of the granules includes a filler, if necessary, the necessary amount of growth stimulator and seeds of herbaceous plants. The moisture content of the filler should be sufficient to ensure high germination of seeds. Granules may contain micro and macro elements necessary for the growth and development of plants in the required amount.

Granule sizes are selected taking into account the size of the seeds and the need to ensure reliable fixation of the "Herbamate" on the surface of the treated area, its transportation and installation.

Granules are attached to the protective coating in ways that ensure their reliable fixation during transportation and installation.

To combat unwanted vegetation, "Herbamate" is spread on a previously prepared soil surface. Preparation of the soil surface is necessary if there are plant shoots, other objects and irregularities on the treated area that impede the device's snug fit to the soil surface. After installation, it is necessary to ensure the water content in the granules is sufficient for seed germination in the granules and the formation of the root system of seedlings.

The implementation of the invention

As a mixture of grass used seeds of lawn grass "Universal" produced by PSK "Lawn grass mixtures." The ratio of seeds of various herbs in the mixture was as follows: pasture ryegrass - 45%, red fescue - 50% meadow bluegrass - 5%.

The soil-peat mixture “Overture” (CJSC MNPP FART, Russia), which was mixed with clay (LLC Invest Technologies, Russia) in a ratio of 1: 1 by volume, was used as a filler.

The filler was mixed with dry grass seed.

Used two types of paintings:

Two types of materials were used as the basis for the Herbamat prototype - geo-canvas and burlap. Each of the prototypes was made with an area of 1 m ² . For the manufacture of the prototype previously selected granules were attached to selected substrates. Or granules were made immediately on the base, where they dried and attached to the base themselves (glued to the base).

In the course of observations, it was found that the prototypes of the "Herbamate" by themselves prevented the germination of new shoots of the plants of the hogweed Sosnowski due to their mass and density of the base. But the pellets with seeds dried very quickly. The lack of water due to lack of precipitation and high air temperature during the daytime in July 2013 did not allow seeds to germinate. Further observations of the Herbamat prototypes installed at the test sites, which were carried out from September to November, showed the following. An increase in the amount of precipitation and a decrease in temperature in the first half of the autumn period favorably influenced the condition of the seeds in the granules. In fig. Figure 3 shows seedlings in granules attached to biodegradable and geosynthetic substrates. The root system of seedlings passed through the base and strengthened in the soil. Hogweed plants that were previously mown at experimental sites and were not covered by samples began to grow actively again. Plants that were under the "Herbamate" could not germinate through the base. The seeds sprouted in granules created a powerful barrier to a dangerous plant. The seeds of the grass mixture have germinated and strengthened their root system in the soil, breaking both the burlap base and the geo-canvas.

In 2014, tests were carried out on samples of "Herbamate", which differed in the larger size and square shape of granules (Fig. 2, bottom row). For more reliable attachment of the granules to the base, wallpaper adhesive was added to the filler in an amount calculated based on the area of the protective coating. The glue was based on modernized starch, without chemical additives potentially hazardous to plant seeds in the composition of the lawn grass mixture. Part of the protective coating on top was covered with a layer of light-permeable material (gauze), since it was assumed that this layer would protect the granules from drying out, reflecting the excess of light on clear days and obscuring the seeds.

In the manufacture of "Herbamate" it was revealed that the addition of glue to the composition of the filler for the granules leads to the strong attachment of the granules to the base immediately after their application. After drying the granules on the base, folding the material and transporting all the granules were attached to the base of "Herbamate". The results of observations showed that a larger granule size contributes to a more snug fit of "Herbamate" to the ground. The granules themselves dried out more slowly. In fig. Figure 4 shows that already a week after the laying of the experiment, seedlings appeared in the areas of the protective coating covered with a layer of light-permeable material (gauze), while in the open areas the seeds in the granules did not have enough water and they did not germinate. After three weeks of observation, it was revealed that in the sample area, previously covered with a layer of light-permeable material, a thicker herbage was formed than in the area without it (Fig. 5).

Thus, it was revealed and shown that the implementation of the method using the "Herbamate" prevents the germination of perennial weeds, including the hogweed Sosnowski. The larger size of the granules and their square shape contribute to a more snug fit of "Herbamate" to the ground. The granules themselves lose moisture more slowly if a light-permeable material is used, which prevents the granules from drying out, and contributes to the faster germination of more seeds. This leads to rapid sodding, more reliably protects the area from the germination of unwanted vegetation, a thicker lawn coating is formed.

The technical solution has the following advantages.

1. "Herbamate" prevents the germination of perennial weeds and contributes to its destruction in a short time.

2. The implementation of the method leads to the formation of a lawn, therefore, it can be used to strengthen slopes and embankments.

3. In the method, biodegradable materials can be used, which subsequently makes it possible to use the territory cleared of unwanted vegetation for any purpose.

4. The method is suitable for any type of land.

5. The material is easy to operate. Transportable.

Claims (1)

A method of combating perennial weeds, including the allocation of contaminated territory, taking into account the relief, the formation of sites, the laying of a protective coating from a continuous flexible permeable geosynthetic material, sowing of grass-dominant dominant crops in a given area with an increased sowing rate of 10-30 kg / ha, characterized in that sowing of perennial grasses is carried out simultaneously with the laying of the protective coating, the protective coating is made in the form of a two-layer carpet, the first layer is a base made of synthetic or natural fibers, the second layer is made in the form of a light-permeable material, between the layers there are granules with a density sufficient to fulfill the functions of ballast and attached to the base, the granules contain seeds of herbaceous plants and / or growth stimulants, an adhesive filler that provides retention of the granules, the composition of the seed mixture is selected taking into account the agroclimatic conditions of the region in which the use of the method is expected.

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