RU152881U1 - DEVICE FOR CONTROL OF PERENNIAL WEED PLANTS "GERBAMAT" - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for controlling perennial weeds, including a protective coating of a continuous flexible permeable geosynthetic material, characterized in that the protective coating is made in the form of a two-layer carpet, the first layer is a base of synthetic or natural fibers, the second layer is made in the form of light moisture-permeable material, between the layers there are granules with a density sufficient to fulfill the functions of ballast, and attached to the base, the granules contain seeds of herbaceous plants And / or growth stimulators, a filler adhesive, providing retention of granules, the composition of the seed mixture is chosen taking into account the agro-climatic conditions in the region in which it is assumed to use the new ustroystva.2. The device according to claim 1, comprising granules, characterized in that the size of the granules is determined by the size of the seeds, providing the seeding rate.

Description

The utility model relates to devices designed for the destruction of difficult to eradicate perennial weed species of plants and can be used on agricultural and non-agricultural lands.

Perennial weeds - wild plants that live on land used as agricultural land. The damage caused by weeds is associated with both a decrease in productivity and a deterioration in the quality of agricultural products.

Known biomat [patent RU No. 2321982, priority 16.08.2006, published 04/20/2008], which is a multilayer structure comprising a filler layer containing plant seeds, placed between the upper layer, made in the form of woven and non-woven fabrics from decaying natural cotton, or jute, or coconut, or flax, or other fibers of plant origin, or combinations thereof and the bottom layer - permeable paper, under which is a supporting biodegradable mesh, characterized in that the protective a polymeric layer located antierosion mat submitted mesh layer 10-40 mm thick, made of polyamide or polypropylene, with all layers bonded biomata niteproshivnym manner.

There is a method of creating a filling lawn and a filling lawn, [application for invention RU No. 2006126119, application filing date July 18, 2006, application publication date: January 27, 2008] including preparing the components of the soil plant mixture, mixing, laying the mixture on a covering surface, layout, rolling , watering and aging, characterized in that they prepare a soil plant mixture containing the following ingredients kg per 100 l of the mixture: peat 70.0-80.0, sand 8.0-25.0, limestone and / or dolomite flour 7.0 -11.0, superphosphate single or double 0.3-3.0, seeds ha zone herbs 0.10-0.5.0, the rest is water, and the plant mixture is laid out by pouring it directly on the surface to be covered, with at least one layer filling the unevenness of the surface to be covered, then the mixture is rolled up, kept until it shrinks, and, when if necessary, repeat pouring of subsequent layers and / or fragments, and if necessary, drainage is laid on the surface to be covered before pouring the first layer.

Known multilayer cassette for accelerated creation of a lawn and method of its application [patent application RU No. 2005101864, filing date 01/26/2005, publication date 07/10/2006], including peat, chernozem, deoxidant, fertilizers, filler and seeds, characterized in that the soil cassette includes, in order from top to bottom, a water-retaining layer, a rooting layer, a seed-spreading layer and a cover layer, the cassette being placed in a removable forming container, the height of the root layer being 2-3 times higher than the cover layer, and removable the cartridge forming container is made of two parts, it has dimensions from 20 × 20 × 25 cm to 40 × 40 × 5 cm and is made of a moisture-permeable environmentally degradable material in the form of a flat box with a lid and when creating a lawn the container is used as a temporary shelter - surface a protective screen that creates a greenhouse effect for accelerated seed germination, and the root layer of the cassette and the cover layer include Gumimaks fertilizer - peat humic concentrate in an amount of 10 to 15% of grades (G) and (P).

A known method of forming flower beds, flower beds, beds, green carpets of stadiums, lawns, slopes and structural elements for their construction [application for invention RU No. 2001128715 A, publication date of application: 08/20/2003], including assembly operations on the object of volume-reinforced frame from the underlying, transverse and covering elements (for example, different-shaped plastic grids), creating a system of different-shaped cells, into which soil (for example, peat-sawing) cells are laid and strengthened previously made together with seeds in the form of cells about a removable framework, wherein the reinforcement of the body-reinforced framework elements is made using pins and fasteners, respectively, throughout the entire framework volume, wherein said soil (including peat) blocks are obtained by hot pressing with seed cells, packed together with seeds in cells and delivered to the place of laying in the form packed during production, and the resulting system is maintained, leaving the roots for the time of germination for final strengthening with the growth of the green mass of the carpet by connecting growing they are integrated into the underlying soil, body-reinforcing framework and peat soil blocks filling its cells, and thereby creating a reinforced durable turf coating, reliably connected to the underlying soil base.

Known universal mat "grass" (options) [patent RU No. 119222 U1, priority 04.16.2012, published 08.20.2012], including an absorbent layer located between the upper front and lower back layers and bonded with them, characterized in that the upper front the layer is made in the form of an artificial turf coating with drainage holes, the lower back layer is made of moisture-proof elastic material, the absorbent layer is made of foam rubber, while the upper front and absorbent layers are bonded to each other by means of a quick connector s compounds and the absorbent and the lower the backsheet are fastened together by adhesive or mechanically.

The main disadvantage of all of the above analogues is that they are NOT designed to control perennial weeds, but serve either to create lawns or flower beds, or to strengthen slopes and cliffs. Consequently, using them to control weeds having a strong habit (Sosnovsky hogweed) may not bring the desired results. Unwanted vegetation can sprout through their base, preventing the formation of grass and creating a lawn.

In addition, most of them cannot be created from completely biodegradable materials; analogues have a more complex structure, which complicates their creation and can increase cost.

A known method of destroying thickets of giant hogweed on non-agricultural land [patent RU No. 2399204, priority 09.09.2008, published 09/20/2010], selected as a prototype for the claimed device. This method includes restoring the landscape by forming a sod layer by sowing grass seeds. In early spring, after emergence, the infected territory is isolated and sites are formed taking into account the relief, a protective carpet of continuous flexible permeable geosynthetic material with a density of 100 g / m2 is laid on the surface of the formed area, which ensures the penetration of roots of grasses through it. The carpet is covered with clean soil with a height of at least 5 cm, geo-gratings are installed on the protective carpet in order to protect them from erosion in the area with a slope before backfilling, then sowing grass traumatants of this area are sown with an increased sowing rate of 10-30 kg / ha with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers. The disadvantages of this method are: the complexity, restrictions on the type of land on which it can be applied

The task is to create a new device for combating perennial hardly eradicated weeds, large habit, which does not require re-processing of the site, which does not require large labor costs.

The technical result is the complete destruction of weed vegetation on a land plot for any purpose by a single exposure while the formation of a turf (lawn) that impedes the settlement of seeds of undesirable vegetation, large habitat in a cleaned area.

In the proposed device, completely biodegradable materials can be used, which makes it possible to use it, including on agricultural lands.

The device is optimal for the destruction of unwanted and potentially dangerous vegetation on the territory of settlements, on the edges of cultivated fields, road lanes, along the slopes of river banks and water bodies.

The technical result is achieved in that the device for controlling perennial weeds "Gerbamat", comprising a protective coating of a continuous flexible permeable geosynthetic material, according to a utility model, the protective coating is made in the form of a two-layer carpet, the first layer is the basis of synthetic or natural fibers, the second the layer is made in the form of light-moisture-permeable material, between the layers there are granules with a density sufficient to perform the functions of ballast and attached to the base granules contain seeds of herbaceous plants, and / or growth stimulators, adhesive filler material providing retention of granules, the composition of the seed mixture is chosen taking into account the agro-climatic conditions in the region in which it is assumed to use a new device.

The device for controlling perennial weeds "Herbamat", including granules, according to a utility model, the size of the granules is determined by the size of the seeds providing the seeding rate.

The utility model is illustrated by the following drawings and photographs:

- in fig. 1 is a diagram of a device containing a general view of the device, a description of the options for the basics, as well as the location of the granules on the basis and their description;

- in fig. 2. Photos of prototypes of the device on two different bases are presented. Synthetic (A) and biodegradable (B). The upper row shows samples with small spherical granules (prototype in 2013), and the lower row with larger square-shaped granules (prototype in 2014). In the bottom row, part of the protective coating is covered from above with a layer of light-moisture-permeable material (gauze), which prevents the evaporation of moisture and protects the seeds in granules from excess sunlight and drying out;

- in fig. 3. Photographs of prototypes on biodegradable (A) and synthetic (B) are presented. The granules and seedlings of lawn grass mixtures are depicted. The experiment was conducted in 2013;

- in fig. 4. Photographs of the Herbamat prototypes with large square granules based on burlap are presented a week after the laying of the experiment, part of the protective coating on top is covered with a layer of light-moisture-permeable material (gauze). Biodegradable (A) and synthetic (B) materials were used as the basis. The experiments were carried out in 2014;

- in fig. Figure 5 presents photographs of the prototypes (2014) of the "Herbamata" in the study area 3 weeks after the laying of the experiment. In the upper row, a synthetic fabric was used as the basis of the device, and in the lower row, biodegradable. A - part of the protective coating, which at the beginning of the experiment was covered with a layer of light-moisture-permeable material (gauze); B — a portion of the device that was without a light-moisture-permeable layer throughout the entire observation period.

- The composition of the granules includes:

- adhesive filler containing water-retaining components, capable of holding seeds of herbaceous plants and having a density sufficient to fulfill the function of ballast (holding tissue on the surface of the soil under the influence of wind);

- and / or plant growth stimulants in the required amount;

- seeds of herbaceous plants. The composition of the seed mixture is selected taking into account the agroclimatic conditions of the region in which the invention is intended to be used.

In conditions of sufficient water supply, the root system of the seedlings penetrates the tissue base, fixes the "Herbamate" in the soil and creates a dense sod layer that prevents the growth of weeds from under the device. Seeds and underground parts of weeds will die after a period of time determined by their species characteristics. The formed turf layer can be used as a lawn. For the use of "Herbamate" for the purpose of further exploitation of the land plot for other purposes, the fabric base is made of biodegradable material. The destruction rate of such material is selected depending on the species characteristics of weed vegetation, which is subject to destruction.

The composition of the granules includes a filler, if necessary, the necessary amount of growth stimulator and seeds of herbaceous plants. The moisture content of the filler should be sufficient to ensure high germination of seeds. Granules may contain micro and macro elements necessary for the growth and development of plants in the required amount.

Granule sizes are selected taking into account the size of the seeds and the need to ensure reliable fixation of the "Herbamate" on the surface of the treated area, its transportation and installation.

Granules are attached to the protective coating in ways that ensure their reliable fixation during transportation and installation.

To combat unwanted vegetation, "Herbamate" is spread on a previously prepared soil surface. Preparation of the soil surface is necessary if there are plant shoots, other objects and irregularities on the treated area that impede the device's snug fit to the soil surface. After installation, it is necessary to ensure the water content in the granules is sufficient for seed germination in the granules and the formation of the root system of seedlings.

Utility Model Implementation

As a mixture of grass used seeds of lawn grass "Universal" produced by PSK "Lawn grass mixtures." The ratio of seeds of various herbs in the mixture was as follows: pasture ryegrass - 45%, red fescue - 50% meadow bluegrass - 5%.

The soil-peat mixture “Overture” (CJSC MNPP FART, Russia), which was mixed with clay (LLC Invest Technologies, Russia) in a ratio of 1: 1 by volume, was used as a filler.

The filler was mixed with dry grass seed.

Used two types of paintings:

Two types of materials were used as the basis for the Herbamat prototype - geo-canvas and burlap. Each of the prototypes was made with an area of 1 m ² . For the manufacture of the prototype previously selected granules were attached to selected substrates. Or granules were made immediately on the base, where they dried and attached to the base themselves (glued to the base).

In the course of observations, it was found that the prototype Geramata by itself prevented the germination of new shoots of the plants of the hogweed Sosnowski due to their mass and density of the base. But the pellets with seeds dried very quickly. The lack of water due to lack of precipitation and high air temperature during the daytime in July 2013 did not allow seeds to germinate. Further observations of the Herbamat prototypes installed at the test sites, which were carried out from September to November, showed the following. An increase in the amount of precipitation and a decrease in temperature in the first half of the autumn period favorably influenced the condition of the seeds in the granules. In fig. Figure 3 shows seedlings in granules attached to biodegradable and geosynthetic substrates. The root system of seedlings passed through the base and strengthened in the soil. Hogweed plants that were previously mown at experimental sites and were not covered by samples began to grow actively again. Plants that were under the "Herbamate" could not germinate through the base. The seeds sprouted in granules created a powerful barrier to a dangerous plant. The seeds of the grass mixture have germinated and strengthened their root system in the soil, breaking both the burlap base and the geo-canvas.

In 2014, tests were carried out on samples of "Herbamate", which differed in the larger size and square shape of granules (Fig. 2, bottom row). For more reliable attachment of granules to the base, Moment brand adhesive adhesive (Russia) was added to the substrate in an amount calculated based on the area of the covering material. The glue was based on modernized starch, without chemical additives potentially hazardous to plant seeds in the composition of the lawn grass mixture. Part of the protective coating on top was covered with a layer of light-moisture-permeable material (gauze), since it was assumed that this layer would protect the granules from drying out, reflecting the excess light on clear days and shading seeds.

In the manufacture of "Herbamate", it was found that the addition of glue to the composition of the substrate for the granules leads to a strong attachment of the granules to the base immediately after application. After drying the granules on the base, folding the material and transporting, all the granules were attached to the base of "Herbamate". The results of observations showed that a larger granule size contributes to a more snug fit of the device to the ground. The granules themselves dried out more slowly. In fig. Figure 4 shows that already a week after the laying of the experiment, seedlings appeared in the areas of the protective surface covered with a layer of light-moisture-permeable material, whereas in the open areas the seeds in the granules did not have enough water and they did not germinate. After three weeks of observation, it was revealed that in the sample area previously covered with a layer of light-moisture-permeable material, a thicker herbage was formed than in the area without it (Fig. 5).

Thus, the use of "Herbamate" prevents the germination of perennial weeds, including the hogweed Sosnowski. The larger size of the granules and their square shape contribute to a more snug fit of "Herbamate" to the ground. The top layer of light-moisture-permeable material prevents the drying of granules, contributes to the faster germination of more seeds. This leads to rapid sodding, more reliably protects the area from the germination of unwanted vegetation, a thicker lawn coating is formed.

The proposed technical solution has the following advantages:

1) The use of the device prevents the germination of perennial weeds, large habitat and contributes to their destruction in a short time.

2) The use of the device leads to the formation of a lawn, as well as to the strengthening of slopes and embankments.

3) The device may consist of completely biodegradable materials, which subsequently makes it possible to use the territory cleared of unwanted vegetation for any purpose.

4) The device is suitable for any type of land.

5) The material is easy to operate. Transportable ..

Claims (2)

1. A device for controlling perennial weeds, including a protective coating of a continuous flexible permeable geosynthetic material, characterized in that the protective coating is made in the form of a two-layer carpet, the first layer is a base of synthetic or natural fibers, the second layer is made in the form of light moisture-permeable material, between the layers there are granules with a density sufficient to fulfill the functions of ballast, and attached to the base, the granules contain seeds of herbaceous plants And / or growth stimulators, a filler adhesive, providing retention of granules, the composition of the seed mixture is chosen taking into account the agro-climatic conditions in the region in which it is assumed to use a new device. 2. The device according to claim 1, comprising granules, characterized in that the size of the granules is determined by the size of the seeds, ensuring the seeding rate.

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