RU216553U1 - FOIL MULCH FABRIC - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agriculture and can be used on sown areas for the installation of protective shelters for various crops.

The foil mulching fabric is made in two layers with a surface density of 90 g/m ² , while the lower black layer is made according to the method of production of non-woven material from a polymer melt by a spunbond method, and consists, in wt.%, of polypropylene granules 95-97%, UV- stabilizer 2-3%, which is a carrier polymer - PP (homopolymer), as well as an active substance, and a black masterbatch based on carbon black 1-2%, with the possibility of achieving light fastness of at least 8, and the top layer of silver color is film with a metallized coating, consisting of an outer layer in the form of a biaxially oriented metallized polyethylene terephthalate, an intermediate layer in the form of a two-component polyurethane adhesive, and an inner welded layer in the form of a non-oriented cast polypropylene, while the upper and lower layers of the covering material are connected to each other using spot thermal bonding , the bonding area is from 18 to 24% of the total material area.

EFFECT: protection of fruits of agricultural crops from weeds with simultaneous creation of an optimal microclimate for increasing crop yields, while maintaining web stability.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to the field of covering, layered products for growing crops in farms and household plots.

State of the art

At present, the use of geotextiles in agriculture is widely known for their use, in particular, as a covering material for plants.

Known biodegradable jute mat used for growing plants, in particular, to the ground mulch cover for growing plants, cover for greenhouses, materials for wrapping tree trunks, and the like. The mat has a first layer made of non-woven jute fibers in a needle-punched way. The second, reinforcing layer is made in the form of a plain weave fabric of jute threads and is connected to the first layer by a needle-punched method (see utility model patent RU 167929 U1, 01/12/2017).

A covering material is known, containing a bottom layer made of a carrier biodegradable mesh, over which a layer of permeable paper is located, a filler - an inner layer, which includes plant seeds, mineral and / or organic fertilizers, growth stimulants, moisture-retaining components, etc. , the top, protective layer, made in the form of woven or non-woven fabrics from decaying natural cotton, or jute, or coconut, or linen, or other fibers of plant origin, or combinations thereof, over which is located a polymeric anti-erosion mat that provides slope retention, load-bearing capacity which increases with the emergence of grass seedlings. The polymeric anti-erosion mat is represented by a mesh 10-40 mm thick, made of polyamide, or polypropylene, or polyethylene. All layers of material are fastened with sewing thread. The design withstands high shear loads and can be used to reinforce slopes with a steepness >45°. (see utility model patent RU 133138 U1, 11/10/2013).

Known roll biomat, including fastened together and made of biodegradable fibers of plant origin, non-woven anti-erosion and mesh carrier layers placed between the filler with plant seeds, while the layers are connected by a needle-punched method (see utility model patent RU 162196 U1, 27.05.2016 ).

From the utility model patent RU 116739 U1, 06/10/2012, a covering material is known, which is a multilayer, at least three-layer structure, including a filler layer placed between each two layers and bonded to them, containing plant seeds, while the top layer is made in the form woven or non-woven fabrics or fine meshes with a mesh size of 3-5 mm from decomposing natural cotton, or jute, or coconut, or linen, or other fibers of plant origin, or combinations thereof, and as the bottom layer, waterproof paper is used, under which carrier biodegradable mesh, and all layers are fastened with a thread-sewn method.

Known sowing cloth used for sowing plants and crops, mainly in farms and household plots. The seed cloth includes interconnected upper and lower layers. Rows of plant seeds are placed between the layers. The top layer is made of paper, and the bottom layer is made of black spunbond non-woven covering material. The layers are interconnected by means of thermal welding along the edges of the web and on both sides of the axis of each row of seeds to form sealed longitudinal and/or transverse strips placed in them by the seeds. The web may contain fertilizers and/or vermicompost and/or compost located in the seed row web strip. When using root crop seeds as plant seeds, perforation is made in the lower layer of the web with a step corresponding to the distance between the seeds in a row and a diameter less than the diameter of the seed to place each seed above the hole. Such a design of the web will eliminate the loss of seed, increase seed germination, create favorable conditions for plant development and prevent the germination of weeds that suppress vegetative plants (see utility model patent RU 102286 U1, 27.02.2011).

Known waterproof layered covering material with a total surface density of 80±5% g/m ² containing a layer of non-woven fibrous material made using spunbond technology from 100% polypropylene with a surface density of 40±5% g/m ² , a layer in the form of extrusion mesh of polypropylene having a surface density of 14±5% g/m ² and a layer of laminating coating of polypropylene with a surface density of 26±5% g/m ² placed on the side of the extrusion mesh (see utility model patent RU 193163 U1, 10/15/2019).

Known layered product for use as a protective covering material, characterized in that it is made of two layers of non-woven fibrous material, each of which is obtained by spunbond technology from 100% polypropylene with a total surface density of 80±5% g/m ² , connected between themselves by heat sealing, while one of the layers of the material contains a pigment that gives the layer a white color, which is fine particles of titanium dioxide powder up to 0.1 μm in size, and the other layer contains a pigment that gives the layer a black color, which is fine soot particles up to 0.1 µm in size (see utility model patent RU 195523 U1, 01/30/2020).

A biomat is known, which is a multilayer, at least three-layer, structure, including layers of a canvas containing artificial fibers of chemical origin, and placed between each two layers of the canvas and fastened to them with a middle layer containing plant seeds, characterized in that natural fibers with the formation of a mixture of natural and synthetic fibers, containing by weight 15-50% synthetic fibers and 50-85% natural fibers from materials that form a nutrient medium for plants during biodegradation, and achieving a surface density of the canvas in the range of 250-800 g/m ² , and the middle layer, in addition to plant seeds, the content of which is 60-150 g / m ² , additionally contains a nutrient mixture consisting of fertilizers, plant growth stimulants and soil-forming additives, selected taking into account the soil and soil conditions of the biomat application area and the composition of the seeds used , and the content of the nutrient mixture is 20-90 g/m ² , while natural or artificial sorbent substances are introduced into the biomat, the content of which is 30-600 g/m ² , by their introduction into the canvas or inclusion in the composition of the middle layer (see Fig. patent for invention RU 2321982 C1, 20.04.2008).

Disclosure of the essence of the utility model

The technical problem to be solved by the present solution is to ensure the stability of the web over several seasons, the refusal to add pesticides, and the increase in crop yields due to early sowing.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the foil mulching fabric, according to the utility model, is made two-layer with a surface density of 90 g/m ² , while the lower black layer is made according to the method of producing a non-woven material from a polymer melt by a spunbond method, and consists in wt. %, from polypropylene granules 95 - 97%, UV stabilizer 2-3%, which is a carrier polymer - PP (homopolymer), as well as active substance, and black masterbatch based on carbon black 1 - 2%, with the possibility of achieving light fastness a value of at least 8, and the top layer of silver color is a film with a metallized coating, consisting of an outer layer in the form of a biaxially oriented metallized polyethylene terephthalate, an intermediate layer in the form of a two-component polyurethane adhesive, and an inner welded layer in the form of non-oriented cast polypropylene, while the upper and the lower layers of the covering material are connected to each other gom using point thermal bonding, the bonding area is from 18 to 24% of the total area of \u200b\u200bthe material.

The technical result achieved by the claimed utility model is the protection of agricultural crops from weeds while creating an optimal microclimate to increase crop yields while maintaining web stability.

Implementation of the utility model

Below will be presented a preferred embodiment of the utility model, which, as it is clear to a person skilled in the art, does not limit other possible embodiments arising from the essence of this utility model.

The fabric is double layered. The bottom layer of the canvas is black, made of breathable non-woven material using the method of extrusion of polypropylene granules with the addition of a UV stabilizer, which guarantees the stability of the fabric for 3 seasons. The top layer is silver in color, made of an airtight metallized film. The layers are fastened together using the technology of point thermal bonding.

The canvas is laid on the ground cover prepared for sowing. The lower black layer of the canvas prevents the growth of weeds, which can significantly reduce the time spent on weeding the ground cover. Creates an optimal microclimate that allows the root system to receive enough oxygen for the development and growth of the root system of crops. The upper silvery layer reflects the rays of the solar spectrum on seedlings of agricultural crops, which contributes to their rapid development and increase in productivity. The canvas protects the earth cover from weathering and drying, which reduces the need for frequent irrigation.

As a result of the descriptions, it was found that the selected surface density of 90 g/m ² for the claimed fabric is optimal for creating the necessary microclimate for the protection of crops.

The lower layer, black, is made by the method of production of non-woven material from a polymer melt using a spunbond method. The composition of the lower layer includes polypropylene granules in the amount of 95 - 97 wt.%, UV stabilizer 2-3 wt.%, which is a carrier polymer - PP (homopolymer) and an active substance, as well as a black superconcentrate based on carbon black 1- 2 wt.%, which, due to the high content of fine soot particles, has an exceptional coloring power with the ability to achieve a light fastness of at least 8, which allows the material to retain its original color under the influence of light radiation for several seasons.

The top layer, silvery, is made of a film with a metallized coating.

The metallized film consists of an outer layer in the form of a biaxially oriented metallized polyethylene terephthalate (PET, lavsan), 10-12 µm thick, most preferably 12 µm; an intermediate layer in the form of a two-component polyurethane adhesive, 1-2 µm thick, most preferably 1 µm; and an inner welded layer in the form of non-oriented cast polypropylene, 20-30 µm thick, most preferably 35 µm.

Metallization is a nanolayer of aluminum atoms (about 50 nm thick) deposited on the surface of a PET film by plasma (mainly) or magnetron (rarely) sputtering.

The specified dimensions of the layers and the thickness of the spraying are optimal and sufficient to achieve the specified technical result, since they allow you to evenly accumulate and scatter sunlight on plants without interfering with the natural process of air circulation and the formation of condensate.

The UV stabilizer in both layers is (originally in the form of granules):

a) carrier polymer - PP (homopolymer);

b) the content of the active substance - 20% (polymeric HALS);

UV stabilizers for polymers are used to protect surfaces from damaging light exposure. Being under the sun's rays, polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC fade, turn yellow, paint. Cracks appear on the product, into which moisture and dust penetrate. They are added to the original mixture or applied to the surface of the product. They include: sterically hindered organic compounds that have a complex branched structure, slow down the movement of radicals, as well as antioxidants that prevent the destruction of the material under the action of released oxygen. The use of light stabilizers allows you to absorb light, dissipating heat, slow down the decomposition process and react with already formed products.

As a result, the total composition of the material of the lower layer can be expressed in the following ratios, wt.%:

polypropylene granules 95 - 97 UV stabilizer 2-3 black masterbatch 1-2

Finished rolls of black non-woven material and a roll of metallized film are fed to the equipment for point thermal bonding of materials. The rolls are mounted on an unwinder and passed through a roll system into a spot bonding calender. The spot thermal bonding device consists of a two-roll calender consisting of engraved and smooth rolls. In the calender, the material is subjected to thermal point bonding across the entire width due to the uniform pressing of the engraved shaft and the smooth shaft to each other. The temperature of the rolls does not exceed 160°C. Passing through the point bonding calender, the material undergoes melting at the points. Between point connections, the material remains unchanged, which retains the specified material properties.

The bonding area is from 18 to 24% of the area of the engraved shaft and is due to the need to ensure the stability of the web for a long time.

When exiting the calender, the bonded material enters the cooling zone. A system of two shafts is used to cool the material. The rollers are cooled with cold water. Further, the material is fed to an automatic winder, after which the wound roll of fabric is rewound into rolls, depending on the needs of the customer.

This material involves an increase in the yield of crops, as well as a reduction in costs at all stages of growing crops.

The material provides for the protection of agricultural crops from weeds, harmful insects and sudden changes in ambient temperatures at night and daytime, during early planting of crops.

The material is recommended for use in agricultural holdings and horticulture for all types of seedlings.

To prove the achievement of the claimed technical result, below are the main indicators of the film, depending on its density, which are presented in Table 1:

As follows from Table 1, as well as the tests carried out, the claimed mulching fabric with the given characteristics provides protection of crop fruits from weeds while creating an optimal microclimate to increase crop yields, while maintaining the stability of the canvas.

Claims (2)

1. Foil mulching fabric, characterized in that it is made of two layers with a surface density of 90 g/m ² , while the lower black layer is made by the method of production of non-woven material from a polymer melt by a spunbond method and consists, in wt.%, of polypropylene granules 95-97%, UV stabilizer 2-3%, which is a carrier polymer - PP homopolymer, as well as an active substance, and a black masterbatch based on carbon black 1-2%, with the ability to achieve a light fastness value of at least 8, and an upper the silver-colored layer is a film with a metallized coating, consisting of an outer layer in the form of a biaxially oriented metallized polyethylene terephthalate, an intermediate layer in the form of a two-component polyurethane adhesive, and an inner welded layer in the form of non-oriented cast polypropylene, while the upper and lower layers of the covering material are connected to each other another using point thermal bonding, area b bonding is from 18 to 24% of the total area of the material. 2. Foil mulching fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the metallization is made in the form of a nanolayer of aluminum atoms, about 45 ÷ 55 nm thick, deposited on the surface of the PET film by plasma or magnetron sputtering.