RU216686U1 - MULCH FABRIC - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agriculture and can be used on sown areas for the installation of protective shelters for various crops. Mulching cloth, characterized in that it is made in the form of two colored layers of non-woven material by the method of extrusion from polypropylene granules with a surface density of 80 g/m ² , the lower black layer is made by the method of production of non-woven material from a polymer melt by a spunbond method and consists of granules polypropylene, a UV stabilizer, which is a carrier polymer - GSH (homopolymer), as well as an active substance and a black masterbatch based on carbon black with the ability to achieve a light fastness value of at least 8; the upper layer of yellow color is also made according to the method of production of non-woven material from a polymer melt by a spunbond method and consists of polypropylene granules, a UV stabilizer, which is a carrier polymer - PP (homopolymer), as well as an active substance and a yellow dye with the ability to achieve a light fastness value of 7 -8, while the layers are connected to each other using point thermal bonding, the bonding area is from 18% to 24% of the total area of the material. The technical result achieved by the claimed utility model is the protection of agricultural crops from weeds, viral diseases caused by harmful insects, while creating an optimal microclimate to increase crop yields.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to the field of covering, layered products for growing crops in farms and household plots.

State of the art

At present, the use of geotextiles in agriculture is widely known for their use, in particular, as a covering material for plants.

Known biodegradable jute mat used for growing plants, in particular, to the ground mulch cover for growing plants, cover for greenhouses, materials for wrapping tree trunks, and the like. The mat has a first layer made of non-woven jute fibers in a needle-punched way. The second, reinforcing layer is made in the form of a plain weave fabric of jute threads and is connected to the first layer by a needle-punched method (see utility model patent RU 167929 U1, 01/12/2017).

A covering material is known, containing a bottom layer made of a carrier biodegradable mesh, above which there is a layer of permeable paper, a filler-inner layer, which includes plant seeds, mineral and / or organic fertilizers, growth stimulants, moisture-retaining components, etc. , the top, protective layer, made in the form of woven or non-woven fabrics from decaying natural cotton, or jute, or coconut, or linen, or other fibers of plant origin, or combinations thereof, over which is located a polymeric anti-erosion mat that provides slope retention, load-bearing capacity which increases with the emergence of grass seedlings. The polymeric anti-erosion mat is represented by a mesh 10-40 mm thick, made of polyamide, or polypropylene, or polyethylene. All layers of material are fastened with sewing thread. The design withstands high shear loads and can be used to reinforce slopes with a steepness of >45°. (see utility model patent RU 133138 U1, 11/10/2013).

Known roll biomat, including fastened together and made of biodegradable fibers of plant origin, non-woven anti-erosion and mesh carrier layers placed between the filler with plant seeds, while the layers are connected by a needle-punched method (see utility model patent RU 162196 U1, 27.05.2016 ).

From the utility model patent RU 116739 U1, 06/10/2012, a covering material is known, which is a multilayer, at least three-layer structure, including a filler layer placed between each two layers and bonded to them, containing plant seeds, while the top layer is made in the form woven or non-woven fabrics or fine meshes with a mesh size of 3-5 mm from decomposing natural cotton, or jute, or coconut, or linen, or other fibers of plant origin, or combinations thereof, and as the bottom layer, waterproof paper is used, under which carrier biodegradable mesh, and all layers are fastened with a thread-sewn method.

Known sowing cloth used for sowing plants and crops, mainly in farms and household plots. The seed cloth includes interconnected upper and lower layers. Rows of plant seeds are placed between the layers. The top layer is made of paper, and the bottom layer is made of black spunbond non-woven covering material. The layers are interconnected by means of thermal welding along the edges of the web and on both sides of the axis of each row of seeds to form sealed longitudinal and/or transverse strips placed in them by the seeds. The web may contain fertilizers and/or vermicompost and/or compost located in the seed row web strip. When using root crop seeds as plant seeds, perforation is made in the lower layer of the web with a step corresponding to the distance between the seeds in a row and a diameter less than the diameter of the seed to place each seed above the hole. Such a design of the web will eliminate the loss of seed, increase seed germination, create favorable conditions for plant development and prevent the germination of weeds that suppress vegetative plants (see utility model patent RU 102286 U1, 27.02.2011).

Known waterproof layered covering material with a total surface density of 80±5% g/m ² containing a layer of non-woven fibrous material made using spunbond technology from 100% polypropylene with a surface density of 40±5% g/m ² , a layer in the form of extrusion mesh of polypropylene having a surface density of 14±5% g/m ² and a layer of laminating coating of polypropylene with a surface density of 26±5% g/m ² placed on the side of the extrusion mesh (see utility model patent RU 193163 U1, 10/15/2019).

Known layered product for use as a protective covering material, characterized in that it is made of two layers of non-woven fibrous material, each of which is obtained by spunbond technology from 100% polypropylene with a total surface density of 80±5% g/m ² , connected between themselves by heat sealing, while one of the layers of the material contains a pigment that gives the layer a white color, which is fine particles of titanium dioxide powder up to 0.1 μm in size, and the other layer contains a pigment that gives the layer a black color, which is fine soot particles up to 0.1 µm in size (see utility model patent RU 195523 U1, 01/30/2020).

A biomat is known, which is a multilayer, at least three-layer, structure, including layers of a canvas containing artificial fibers of chemical origin, and placed between each two layers of the canvas and fastened to them with a middle layer containing plant seeds, characterized in that natural fibers with the formation of a mixture of natural and synthetic fibers, containing by weight 15-50% synthetic fibers and 50-85% natural fibers from materials that form a nutrient medium for plants during biodegradation, and achieving a surface density of the canvas in the range of 250-800 g/m ² , and the middle layer, in addition to plant seeds, the content of which is 60-150 g / m ² , additionally contains a nutrient mixture consisting of fertilizers, plant growth stimulants and soil-forming additives, selected taking into account the soil and soil conditions of the biomat application area and the composition of the seeds used , and the content of the nutrient mixture is 20-90 g/m ² , while natural or artificial sorbent substances are introduced into the biomat, the content of which is 30-600 g/m ² , by their introduction into the canvas or inclusion in the composition of the middle layer (see Fig. patent for invention RU 2321982 C1, 20.04.2008).

Disclosure of the essence of the utility model

The technical problem to be solved by the present solution is to ensure the stability of the web over several seasons, the refusal to add pesticides, the increase in crop yields due to early sowing.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the mulching fabric, according to the utility model, is made in the form of two colored layers of non-woven material by the method of extrusion from polypropylene granules with a surface density of 80 g/m ² , the lower black layer is made by the method of production of non-woven material from the melt polymer by a spunbond method and consists in wt.%: from polypropylene granules 95-97%, UV stabilizer 2-3%, which is a carrier polymer - PP (homopolymer), as well as the active substance and black masterbatch based on carbon black 1- 2% with the possibility of achieving a light fastness of at least 8; the upper layer of yellow color is also made according to the method of production of non-woven material from a polymer melt by a spunbond method and consists of wt.%: polypropylene granules 93-96%, UV stabilizer 2-4%, which is a carrier polymer - PP (homopolymer), as well as active substance and yellow dye 2-3% with the ability to achieve a light fastness value of 7-8, while the layers are connected to each other using point thermal bonding, the bonding area is from 18% to 24% of the total area of the material.

The technical result achieved by the claimed utility model is the protection of agricultural crops from weeds, viral diseases caused by harmful insects while creating an optimal microclimate to increase crop yields while maintaining web stability.

Implementation of the utility model

Below will be presented a preferred embodiment of the utility model, which, as it is clear to a person skilled in the art, does not limit other possible embodiments arising from the essence of this utility model.

The mulching cloth consists of two breathable layers of non-woven material made by the method of extrusion of polypropylene granules. The two layers of nonwoven material contain a UV stabilizer, which guarantees the stability of the fabric for several seasons. The layers are fastened together using the technology of point thermal bonding. The canvas covers the ground cover prepared in advance for sowing. The bottom layer of the canvas is black, which helps to absorb most of the rays of the solar spectrum, which eliminates the growth of weeds. The absence of direct sunlight on the ground cover protects the soil from drying out, which reduces the need for frequent irrigation, and also lifts the root system in the ground cover up to the breathable soil layer, where the root system develops more efficiently. The top layer of yellow color attracts insects harmful to fruits of agricultural crops, thereby disorienting harmful insects and protects fruits of agricultural crops from contact with them.

The surface density of the mulching cloth is 80 g/m ² . The lower layer, black, is produced by the method of production of non-woven material from a polymer melt using a spunbond method. The composition of the bottom layer includes polypropylene granules, UV stabilizer-2%, black masterbatch based on carbon black 1÷2%, which, due to the high content of fine carbon black, has excellent coloring power, and has a high, exceptional light fastness rating - 8. The top layer, yellow, produced according to the method of production of non-woven material from a polymer melt by a spunbond method. The upper layer consists of Polypropylene granules, UV stabilizer 2÷4%, yellow dye 2%÷3%, which has a light fastness rating of 7-8, which ensures the ability of the material to retain its original color under the influence of light radiation for several seasons.

The percentage of input of additives depends on climatic conditions and the requirements of the end user. Ready-made rolls of black and yellow non-woven material are fed to the equipment for point thermal bonding of materials. The rolls are mounted on an unwinder and passed through a roll system into a spot bonding calender. The spot thermal bonding device consists of a two-roll calender consisting of engraved and smooth rolls. In the calender, the material is subjected to thermal point bonding across the entire width due to the uniform pressing of the engraved shaft and the smooth shaft to each other. Roll temperatures do not exceed 160°C. While passing through the spot bonding calender, the material undergoes melting at the points, the material remains unchanged between the spot joints, which preserves its breathability and vapor permeability, as well as other necessary properties of the material. The bonding area is from 18% to 24% of the area of the material. When entering from the calender, the bonded material enters the cooling zone. A system of two shafts is used to cool the material. The rollers are cooled with cold water. Then the material goes to the automatic winder. After the reeled roll of fabric double protection yellow-black mulching is rewound into rolls depending on the needs of the customer.

The UV stabilizer in both layers is (originally in the form of granules):

a) carrier polymer - PP (homopolymer);

b) the content of the active substance-20% (polymeric HALS);

UV stabilizers for polymers are used to protect surfaces from damaging light exposure. Being under the sun's rays, polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC fade, turn yellow, paint. Cracks appear on the product, into which moisture and dust penetrate. They are added to the original mixture or applied to the surface of the product. They include: sterically hindered organic compounds that have a complex branched structure, slow down the movement of radicals, as well as antioxidants that prevent the destruction of the material under the action of released oxygen. The use of light stabilizers allows you to absorb light, dissipating heat, slow down the decomposition process and react with already formed products.

The spunbond concentrate PP 64781-M1-300-lemon yellow Lemon was used as a dye.

As a result, the total composition of the material of the lower layer can be expressed in the following ratios, wt. %:

polypropylene granules 95-97% UV stabilizer 2-3 black masterbatch 1-2

The total composition of the material of the upper layer can be expressed in the following ratios, wt. %:

polypropylene granules 93-96 UV stabilizer 2-4 yellow dye 2-3

The percentage of additives depends on the final conditions for the use of the covering material, for example, on a specific region with its climatic features, as well as the frequency and duration of direct application of the film.

The choice of material density is due, in particular, to the ability to withstand snowfalls, established thick snow cover during autumn-winter protection of plants, shrubs and tree trunks, protection of perennial plants and winter crops from freezing.

The density of 80 g/m ² was chosen based on ensuring the optimal pressure of the material on the crop without reducing the basic protective and strength characteristics of this layer, prevents the fruit from contacting the ground cover, keeping them clean throughout the growing season.

The bonding area of 18÷24% is due to the need to ensure the stability of the canvas for a long time.

To prove the achievement of the claimed technical result, below are the main indicators of the film, depending on its density, which are presented in Table 1:

As follows from Table 1, as well as the tests carried out, the claimed mulching fabric with the given characteristics provides protection for crop fruits from weeds, viral diseases caused by harmful insects, while creating an optimal microclimate to increase crop yields.

Claims (1)

Mulching fabric, characterized in that it is made in the form of two colored layers of non-woven material by the method of extrusion from polypropylene granules with a surface density of 80 g/m ² . %: from polypropylene granules 95-97%, UV stabilizer 2-3%, which is a carrier polymer - PP (homopolymer), as well as active substance and black masterbatch based on carbon black 1-2% with the ability to achieve light fastness with a value of not below 8; the upper yellow layer is also made according to the method of production of non-woven material from a polymer melt by a spunbond method and consists in wt. %: from polypropylene granules 93-96%, UV stabilizer 2-4%, which is a carrier polymer - PP (homopolymer), as well as active substance and yellow dye 2-3% with the ability to achieve a light fastness value of 7-8, with In this case, the layers are connected to each other using point thermal bonding, the bonding area is from 18% to 24% of the total area of the material.