RU217555U1 - MULCH COVERING FABRIC - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of covering, layered products for growing crops in farms and household plots. Cloth covering mulching, characterized in that it is made in the form of two "breathing" layers of non-woven material by the method of extrusion from polypropylene granules with a surface density of 30 ÷ 60 g / m ² , the lower layer of red color is made by the method of production of non-woven material from a polymer melt method and consists of granules, wt.%: polypropylene - 93-97, UV stabilizer - 2-4, which is a carrier polymer, as well as active substance and red dye - 1-3, with the ability to achieve light fastness of at least 8 ; the top layer of white color is also made according to the method of production of non-woven material from a polymer melt by a spunbond method and consists, wt.%: of polypropylene granules 96-98, UV stabilizer 2-4, which is a carrier polymer, and also an active substance, while the layers are connected to each other by point thermal bonding, the bonding area is from 18% to 24% of the total area of the material. The technical result achieved by the claimed utility model is the protection of crop fruits from viral diseases caused by harmful insects due to the absence of condensate and thereby creating an optimal microclimate for increasing crop yields while maintaining web stability.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to the field of covering, layered products for growing crops in farms and household plots.

State of the art

At present, the use of geotextiles in agriculture is widely known for their use, in particular, as a covering material for plants.

Known biodegradable jute mat used for growing plants, in particular, to the ground mulch cover for growing plants, cover for greenhouses, materials for wrapping tree trunks, and the like. The mat has a first layer made of non-woven jute fibers in a needle-punched way. The second, reinforcing layer is made in the form of a plain weave fabric of jute threads and is connected to the first layer by a needle-punched method (see utility model patent RU 167929 U1, 01/12/2017).

A covering material is known, containing a bottom layer made of a carrier biodegradable mesh, over which a layer of permeable paper is located, a filler - an inner layer, which includes plant seeds, mineral and / or organic fertilizers, growth stimulants, moisture-retaining components, etc. , the top, protective layer, made in the form of woven or non-woven fabrics from decaying natural cotton, or jute, or coconut, or linen, or other fibers of plant origin, or combinations thereof, over which is located a polymeric anti-erosion mat that provides slope retention, load-bearing capacity which increases with the emergence of grass seedlings. The polymeric anti-erosion mat is represented by a mesh 10-40 mm thick, made of polyamide, or polypropylene, or polyethylene. All layers of material are fastened with sewing thread.

The design withstands high shear loads and can be used to strengthen slopes with a steepness >45° (see utility model patent RU 133138 U1, 11/10/2013).

Known roll biomat, including fastened together and made of biodegradable fibers of plant origin, non-woven anti-erosion and mesh carrier layers placed between the filler with plant seeds, while the layers are connected by a needle-punched method (see utility model patent RU 162196 U1, 27.05.2016 ).

From the utility model patent RU 116739 U1, 06/10/2012, a covering material is known, which is a multilayer, at least three-layer structure, including a filler layer placed between each two layers and bonded to them, containing plant seeds, while the top layer is made in the form woven or non-woven fabrics or fine meshes with a mesh size of 3-5 mm from decomposing natural cotton, or jute, or coconut, or linen, or other fibers of plant origin, or combinations thereof, and as the bottom layer, waterproof paper is used, under which carrier biodegradable mesh, and all layers are fastened with a thread-sewn method.

Known sowing cloth used for sowing plants and crops, mainly in farms and household plots. The seed cloth includes interconnected upper and lower layers. Rows of plant seeds are placed between the layers. The top layer is made of paper, and the bottom layer is made of black spunbond non-woven covering material. The layers are interconnected by means of thermal welding along the edges of the web and on both sides of the axis of each row of seeds to form sealed longitudinal and/or transverse strips placed in them by the seeds. The web may contain fertilizers and/or vermicompost and/or compost located in the seed row web strip. When using root crop seeds as plant seeds, perforation is made in the lower layer of the web with a step corresponding to the distance between the seeds in a row and a diameter less than the diameter of the seed to place each seed above the hole. This design of the canvas will eliminate the loss of seed, increase the germination of seeds, create favorable conditions for the development of plants and prevent the germination of weeds that suppress vegetative plants (see utility model patent RU 102286 U1, 27.02.2011).

Known waterproof layered covering material with a total surface density of 80±5% g/m ² containing a layer of non-woven fibrous material made using spunbond technology from 100% polypropylene with a surface density of 40±5% g/m ² , a layer in the form of extrusion mesh of polypropylene having a surface density of 14±5% g/m ² and a layer of laminating coating of polypropylene with a surface density of 26±5% g/m ² placed on the side of the extrusion mesh (see utility model patent RU 193163 U1, 10/15/2019).

Known layered product for use as a protective covering material, characterized in that it is made of two layers of non-woven fibrous material, each of which is obtained by spunbond technology from 100% polypropylene with a total surface density of 80±5% g/m ² , connected between themselves by heat sealing, while one of the layers of the material contains a pigment that gives the layer a white color, which is fine particles of titanium dioxide powder up to 0.1 μm in size, and the other layer contains a pigment that gives the layer a black color, which is fine soot particles up to 0.1 µm in size (see utility model patent RU 195523 U1, 01/30/2020).

A biomat is known, which is a multilayer, at least three-layer, structure, including layers of a canvas containing artificial fibers of chemical origin, and placed between each two layers of the canvas and fastened to them with a middle layer containing plant seeds, characterized in that natural fibers with the formation of a mixture of natural and synthetic fibers, containing by weight 15-50% synthetic fibers and 50-85% natural fibers from materials that form a nutrient medium for plants during biodegradation, and achieving a surface density of the canvas in the range of 250-800 g/m ² , and the middle layer, in addition to plant seeds, the content of which is 60-150 g / m ² , additionally contains a nutrient mixture consisting of fertilizers, plant growth stimulants and soil-forming additives, selected taking into account the soil and soil conditions of the biomat application area and the composition of the seeds used , and the content of the nutrient mixture is 20-90 g / m ² , while natural or artificial sorbent substances are introduced into the biomat, the content of which is 30-600 g / m ² , by their introduction into the canvas or inclusion in the composition of the middle layer (see Fig. patent for invention RU 2321982 C1, 20.04.2008).

Disclosure of the essence of the utility model

The technical problem to be solved by the present solution is to ensure the stability of the web over several seasons, the refusal to add pesticides, and the increase in crop yields due to early sowing.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the covering mulching fabric, according to the utility model, is made in the form of two "breathing" layers of non-woven material by extrusion from polypropylene granules with a surface density of 30 ÷ 60 g/m ² , the lower layer is red, made according to method for the production of non-woven material from a polymer melt by a spunbond method and consists of granules, wt.%: polypropylene 93-97, UV stabilizer 2-4, which is a carrier polymer - PP (homopolymer), as well as an active substance, and red dye 1 -3, with the ability to achieve a light fastness value of at least 8; the top layer is white, also made according to the method of production of non-woven material from a polymer melt by a spunbond method and consists, wt.%: of polypropylene granules 96 - 98, UV stabilizer 2-4, which is a carrier polymer - PP (homopolymer), and also of the active substance, while the layers are connected to each other using point thermal bonding, the bonding area is from 18% to 24% of the total area of the material.

The technical result achieved by the claimed utility model is the protection of crop fruits from viral diseases caused by harmful insects due to the absence of condensate and thereby creating an optimal microclimate for increasing crop yields while maintaining web stability.

Implementation of the utility model

Below will be presented a preferred embodiment of the utility model, which, as it is clear to a person skilled in the art, does not limit other possible embodiments arising from the essence of this utility model.

Cloth covering consists of two breathable layers of non-woven material made by the method of extrusion of polypropylene granules. The two layers of nonwoven material contain granules of the most suitable UV stabilizer, which guarantees the stability of the web for several seasons. The layers are fastened together using the technology of point thermal bonding.

The bottom layer of the fabric is covered in red, provides a spectrum of light that stimulates the growth of seedlings of agricultural crops, and also slows down the dissipation of accumulated heat into the atmosphere during the day. The natural outer layer of white color scatters the rays of the solar spectrum, preventing the occurrence of burns on seedlings of agricultural crops, and also protects against sharp temperature fluctuations and return frosts.

The surface density of the covering sheet "double protection white-red" 30÷60 g/m ² . The lower layer, red, is made by the method of production of non-woven material from a polymer melt using a spunbond method. The composition of the lower layer includes granules, in wt.%: polypropylene 93-97%, most preferably 95%, UV stabilizer 2-4%, most preferably 3%, which is a carrier polymer - PP (homopolymer), as well as active substance and red dye 1-3%, most preferably 2% with the ability to achieve a light fastness value of at least 8, which guarantees color retention for several seasons.

The top layer, natural white, is made by the method of production of non-woven material from a polymer melt using a spunbond method. The composition of the upper layer includes polypropylene granules, wt.%: 96-98%, most preferably 97%, UV stabilizer from 2-4%. The percentage of additives depends on the climatic conditions of the end user. The UV stabilizer consists of a carrier polymer: PP (homopolymer) with 20% active ingredient (HALS polymer). The UV stabilizer used has high weather resistance, high compatibility with the polymer and high resistance to extraction, and also protects the polymer from thermal degradation during the operation of the material. Cloth covering is porous. This characteristic of the material does not prevent the passage of air and water through the material, which creates an optimal microclimate for the growth of crops.

When the surface density of the layers of the covering sheet is 30 g / m ² , the surface density:

the top layer of natural color 15 g/m ² ;

the lower layer of red color 15 g/m ² .

When the surface density of the layers of the covering cloth is 60 g / m ² , the surface density:

the top layer of natural color 20 g/m ² ;

the lower layer of red color 40 g/m ² .

Finished rolls of non-woven material of red and white (natural) colors are delivered to the equipment for point thermal bonding of materials, where two materials are bonded into one web. The rolls are mounted on an unwinder and passed through a roll system into a spot bonding calender. The spot thermal bonding device consists of a two-roll calender consisting of engraved and smooth rolls. In the calender, the material is subjected to thermal point bonding across the entire width due to the uniform pressing of the engraved shaft and the smooth shaft to each other. The temperature of the rolls does not exceed 160°C. Passing through the point bonding calender, the material undergoes melting at the points, the material remains unchanged between the point bonds, which preserves its breathability and vapor permeability, as well as other material properties.

The UV stabilizer in both layers is (initially in the form of granules):

a) carrier polymer - PP (homopolymer);

b) active substance content - 20% (polymeric HALS.

UV stabilizers for polymers are used to protect surfaces from damaging light exposure. Being under the sun's rays, polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC fade, turn yellow, paint. Cracks appear on the product, into which moisture and dust penetrate. They are added to the original mixture or applied to the surface of the product. They include: sterically hindered organic compounds that have a complex branched structure, slow down the movement of radicals, as well as antioxidants that prevent the destruction of the material under the action of released oxygen. The use of light stabilizers allows you to absorb light, dissipating heat, slow down the decomposition process and react with already formed products.

When entering from the calender, the bonded material enters the cooling zone. A system of two shafts is used to cool the material. The rollers are cooled with cold water. Then the material goes to the automatic winder. After the wound roll of the covering sheet is rewound into rolls, depending on the needs of the customer.

The concentrate for spunbond PP Poppy Red 64778-M1-300 - bright red was used as a dye.

As a result, the total composition of the material of the lower layer can be expressed in the following ratios, wt.%:

polypropylene granules 93-97

UV stabilizer 2-4

red dye 1-3.

The total composition of the material of the upper layer can be expressed in the following ratios, wt.%:

polypropylene granules 96-98

UV stabilizer 2-4

The percentage of additives depends on the final conditions for the use of the covering material, for example, on a specific region with its climatic features, as well as the frequency and duration of direct application of the film. The choice of material density is due, in particular, to the ability to withstand snowfalls, established thick snow cover during autumn-winter protection of plants, shrubs and tree trunks, protection of perennial plants and winter crops from freezing.

Film web with mulching surface density from 30 g/m ² to 60 g/m ² is used as covering material for arc greenhouses and small stationary greenhouses. The density range for the claimed canvas is selected based on test results and is due to the creation of an optimal microclimate to increase crop yields, and under these conditions no condensation is formed.

The bonding area of 18-24% is due to the need to ensure the stability of the canvas for a long time.

To prove the achievement of the claimed technical result, below are the main indicators of the film, depending on its density, which are presented in Table 1:

As follows from the table 1, as well as the tests carried out, the claimed mulching fabric with the given characteristics provides protection for crop fruits from viral diseases caused by harmful insects due to the absence of condensate and thereby creating an optimal microclimate to increase crop yields, while maintaining stability canvases.

Claims (1)

Cloth covering mulching, characterized in that it is made in the form of two "breathing" layers of non-woven material by the method of extrusion from polypropylene granules with a surface density of 30 ÷ 60 g / m ² , the lower layer of red color is made by the method of production of non-woven material from a polymer melt method and consists of granules, wt.%: polypropylene 93-97, UV stabilizer 2-4, which is a carrier polymer, as well as the active substance and red dye 1-3, with the possibility of achieving a light fastness value of at least 8; the top layer of white color is also made according to the method of production of non-woven material from a polymer melt by a spunbond method and consists, wt.%: of polypropylene granules 96-98, UV stabilizer 2-4, which is a carrier polymer, and also an active substance, while the layers are connected to each other by point thermal bonding, the bonding area is from 18% to 24% of the total area of the material.