RU216640U1 - ANTI-CONDENSATION FILM - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agriculture and can be used on sown areas for the installation of protective shelters for various crops. The anti-condensation film is made in the form of an unpainted two-layer fabric with a surface density of 30÷120 g/m ² , the lower "breathing" layer of which is made of non-woven material by the method of extrusion of polypropylene granules, and the upper water-repellent, airtight layer is made by the method of laminating the fabric with a surface density of 12 ÷100 g/m ² and is a melt of high-pressure polyethylene granules in the amount (in wt.%) 91-95% and polypropylene in the amount of 4-6%, with the addition to the melt to improve adhesion to the UV stabilizer material in the amount of 1 -3%, which is a carrier polymer - PP (homopolymer), as well as the active substance and the mineral filler microcalcite. The technical result achieved by the claimed utility model is to improve the breathability of the covering material, while creating obstacles to the formation of condensate.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to the field of agriculture and can be used on sown areas for the installation of protective shelters for various crops.

State of the art

At present, the use of films in agriculture is widely known for their use, in particular as a covering material for plants.

Known biodegradable jute mat used for growing plants, in particular, to the ground mulch cover for growing plants, cover for greenhouses, materials for wrapping tree trunks, and the like. The mat has a first layer made of non-woven jute fibers in a needle-punched way. The second, reinforcing layer is made in the form of a plain weave fabric of jute threads and is connected to the first layer by a needle-punched method (see utility model patent RU 167929 U1, 01/12/2017).

A covering material is known, containing a bottom layer made of a carrier biodegradable mesh, over which a layer of permeable paper is located, a filler - an inner layer, which includes plant seeds, mineral and / or organic fertilizers, growth stimulants, moisture-retaining components, etc. , the top, protective layer, made in the form of woven or non-woven fabrics from decaying natural cotton, or jute, or coconut, or linen, or other fibers of plant origin, or combinations thereof, over which is located a polymeric anti-erosion mat that provides slope retention, load-bearing capacity which increases with the emergence of grass seedlings. The polymeric anti-erosion mat is represented by a mesh 10-40 mm thick, made of polyamide, or polypropylene, or polyethylene. All layers of material are fastened with sewing thread. The design withstands high shear loads and can be used to reinforce slopes with a steepness of >45°. (see utility model patent RU 133138 U1, 11/10/2013).

Known roll biomat, including fastened together and made of biodegradable fibers of plant origin, non-woven anti-erosion and mesh carrier layers placed between the filler with plant seeds, while the layers are connected by a needle-punched method (see utility model patent RU 162196 U1, 27.05.2016 ).

From the utility model patent RU 116739 U1, 06/10/2012, a covering material is known, which is a multilayer, at least three-layer structure, including a filler layer placed between each two layers and bonded to them, containing plant seeds, while the top layer is made in the form woven or non-woven fabrics or fine meshes with a mesh size of 3-5 mm from decomposing natural cotton, or jute, or coconut, or linen, or other fibers of plant origin, or combinations thereof, and as the bottom layer, waterproof paper is used, under which carrier biodegradable mesh, and all layers are fastened with a thread-sewn method.

Known sowing cloth used for sowing plants and crops, mainly in farms and household plots. The seed cloth includes interconnected upper and lower layers. Rows of plant seeds are placed between the layers. The top layer is made of paper, and the bottom layer is made of black spunbond non-woven covering material. The layers are interconnected by means of thermal welding along the edges of the web and on both sides of the axis of each row of seeds to form sealed longitudinal and/or transverse strips placed in them by the seeds. The web may contain fertilizers and/or vermicompost and/or compost located in the seed row web strip. When using root crop seeds as plant seeds, perforation is made in the lower layer of the web with a step corresponding to the distance between the seeds in a row and a diameter less than the diameter of the seed to place each seed above the hole. Such a design of the web will eliminate the loss of seed, increase seed germination, create favorable conditions for plant development and prevent the germination of weeds that suppress vegetative plants (see utility model patent RU 102286 U1, 27.02.2011).

Known waterproof layered covering material with a total surface density of 80±5% g/m ² containing a layer of non-woven fibrous material made using spunbond technology from 100% polypropylene with a surface density of 40±5% g/m ² , a layer in the form of extrusion mesh of polypropylene having a surface density of 14±5% g/m ² and a layer of laminating coating of polypropylene with a surface density of 26±5% g/m ² placed on the side of the extrusion mesh (see utility model patent RU 193163 U1, 10/15/2019).

Known layered product for use as a protective covering material, characterized in that it is made of two layers of non-woven fibrous material, each of which is obtained by spunbond technology from 100% polypropylene with a total surface density of 80±5% g/m ² , connected between themselves by heat sealing, while one of the layers of the material contains a pigment that gives the layer a white color, which is fine particles of titanium dioxide powder up to 0.1 μm in size, and the other layer contains a pigment that gives the layer a black color, which is fine soot particles up to 0.1 µm in size (see utility model patent RU 195523 U1, 01/30/2020).

Disclosure of the essence of the utility model

The technical problem to be solved by the present solution is the protection of agricultural crops from adverse atmospheric precipitation, frost protection, web stability for several seasons, the creation of an optimal microclimate to increase crop yields, as well as an environmentally friendly crop due to the rejection of the use of pesticides, reduction of terms of maturing of agricultural crops.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the anti-condensation film, according to the utility model, is made in the form of an unpainted two-layer fabric with a surface density of 30÷120 g/m ² , the lower "breathing" layer of which is made of non-woven material by the the water-repellent, airtight layer is made by the method of laminating the canvas with a surface density of 12÷100 g/m ² and is a melt of high-pressure polyethylene granules in an amount (in wt.%) 91-95% and polypropylene in an amount of 4-6%, with the addition to the melt to improve adhesion to the UV stabilizer material in the amount of 1-3%, which is a carrier polymer - PP (homopolymer), as well as the active substance and the mineral filler microcalcite.

The technical result achieved by the claimed utility model is to improve the breathability of the covering material, while creating obstacles to the formation of condensate.

Implementation of the utility model.

Below will be presented a preferred embodiment of the utility model, which, as it is clear to a person skilled in the art, does not limit other possible embodiments arising from the essence of this utility model.

The claimed film, which may hereinafter be referred to as a covering material, is made in the form of a two-layer canvas of undyed, natural color, usually white or gray, with a surface density of 30÷120 g/m ² .

The lower layer of the breathable fabric is made of non-woven material by the method of extrusion of polypropylene granules with a surface density of 12÷100 g/m ² . Then the roll of non-woven fabric goes to the equipment for extrusion lamination of materials, where the process of joining the layers takes place. The top layer is water-repellent, airtight, made by the method of laminating materials by extrusion of polyethylene granules, and is a melt of high-pressure polyethylene granules in an amount (in wt.%) 90÷94%, most preferably 93%, and polypropylene in an amount of 4÷6 )%, most preferably 5%. A UV stabilizer with enhanced UV and thermal stability is included in the lamination recipe to protect the fabric from degradation under the sun. The content of the UV stabilizer guarantees the stability of the canvas for several seasons. The percentage of addition of UV stabilizer from 1% to the cultivation of crops. The nonwoven web roll is mounted on the unwinder and fed through the roll system. Polyethylene granules with the addition of a UV stabilizer are mixed in a mixing funnel using a paddle device and dosed into the extruder feed funnel. The movement and melting of polymer granules occurs due to the screw. The polymer melt is pressed through the holes of the slotted head of the spinneret and form a film sheet with a temperature of 250-320°C. To obtain a film of high transparency, a cooled calender is installed in the immediate vicinity of the head, which prevents the growth of spherulites. The connection of the material with the extrudable polymer is carried out due to high temperature and pressure between the cooled calender and the silicone pressure roller. Further, the sheet of anti-condensate film, passing through the tension unit, is wound into a roll. A roll of anti-condensation film is rewound into rolls, depending on the needs of the customer, from endless heat-stable polypropylene fibers intertwined with each other with a surface density of the web in the range of 60-120 g/m ² by extrusion.

The claimed film protects the fruits of agricultural crops from direct sunlight and burns, prevents the formation of fungal diseases of the fruits, provides an opportunity to refuse the use of pesticides, as a result, the cultivation of environmentally friendly fruits arokuliur, and also protects the earth cover from drying and weathering. This technology can be used by farmers in areas under crops, with a shortage of workers or a reduction in economic labor costs. The breathable structure of the claimed material allows plant roots to receive oxygen and creates an optimal microclimate for the development of the root system of agricultural crops and higher yields, since it protects the earth from overheating, drying and winding, and reduces water consumption during irrigation of agricultural crops. This material eliminates the contact of fruits and berries with the ground cover.

In the manufacturing process, to increase the thermal stability of the material, a homopolymer-based UV stabilizer is added to it. The UV stabilizer is (originally in the form of granules):

a) carrier polymer - PP (homopolymer);

b) the content of the active substance - 20% (polymeric HALS);

c) mineral filler microcalcite.

UV stabilizers for polymers are used to protect surfaces from damaging light exposure. Being under the sun's rays, polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC fade, turn yellow, paint. Cracks appear on the product, into which moisture and dust penetrate. They are added to the original mixture or applied to the surface of the product. They include: sterically hindered organic compounds that have a complex branched structure, slow down the movement of radicals, as well as antioxidants that prevent the destruction of the material under the action of released oxygen. The use of light stabilizers allows you to absorb light, dissipating heat, slow down the decomposition process and react with already formed products.

As a result, the total composition of the material can be expressed in the following ratios, wt.%:

high density polyethylene granules 91-95 polypropylene 4-6 UV stabilizer 1-3

The percentage of additives depends on the final conditions for the use of the covering material, for example, on a specific region with its climatic features, as well as the frequency and duration of direct application of the film.

The surface density of the anti-condensate film web is from 30 g/m ² to 120 g/m ² . The sheet of anti-condensate film has high breaking characteristics. The sheet of anti-condensate film with a surface density of 30 g/m ² is used as a covering material for agricultural fruits without the use of additional structures. Due to the lightness of the sheet of the anti-condensate film, the agricultural plants, at the beginning of the growth of seedlings, lift the sheet from the ground cover without harming the agricultural plants and the sheet. A sheet of anti-condensate film with a surface density of 60 g/m ² to 120 g/m ² is used as a covering material for arc greenhouses and small stationary greenhouses.

The choice of material density is due, in particular, to the ability to withstand adverse weather conditions and the creation of an optimal microclimate for increasing the growth of agricultural crops.

The density of the lower layer of non-woven material in the range of 12÷100 g/m ² is selected based on ensuring the optimal pressure of the material on agriculture without reducing the basic protective and strength characteristics of this layer. Density less than 12 g/m ² reduces the strength and protective properties of the layer, and the density above 100 g/m ² increases the weight, and hence the negative impact on agriculture.

To prove the achievement of the claimed technical result, below are the main indicators of the film, depending on its density, which are presented in Table 1:

As follows from Table 1, as well as the tests carried out, the claimed anti-condensate film with the above characteristics has increased breathability, as well as thermal stability for several seasons, and also prevents the formation of condensate.

Claims (1)

Anti-condensation film, characterized in that it is made in the form of an unpainted two-layer fabric with a surface density of 30÷120 g/m ² , the lower "breathing" layer of which is made of non-woven material by the method of extrusion of polypropylene granules, and the upper water-repellent, airtight layer is made by the method lamination of a web with a surface density of 12÷100 g/m ² and is a melt of high-pressure polyethylene granules in an amount (wt.%) of 91-95% and polypropylene in an amount of 4-6%, with the addition to the melt to improve adhesion to the material UV stabilizer in the amount of 1-3%, which is a carrier polymer - PP (homopolymer), as well as the active substance and the mineral filler microcalcite.