RU2554984C2 - Method of harvesting grain crops and unit for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: in harvesting grain crops standing ears are combed with simultaneous loading them into a container of the vehicle moving near in a hurling way. Combing of the ears is carried out at the end of the stage of wax ripeness 6-7 days prior to and finish 3-4 days prior to full ripeness of the grain. The ears delivered to the stationary point of processing and storage of the grain ripen naturally, after which they are threshed. The combed stems are embedded into the soil. The unit for harvesting grain crops comprises a power unit 1 with the front 2 and the rear 3 hitches, a header 4 for combing and a device 8 for embedding into the soil of the combed stems. The header 4 for combing has a stripping cylinder 5, a screw 6, a blade fan 9, and an unloading device 7. The blade fan 9 is mounted on the left side in the direction of movement in a cavity of the unloading device 7 made in the form of an ear-duct 10 with a rotary part 11. The screw 6 has a four-way entry spiral belt 12 of one direction, ending with blades 13. The blades 13 of the screw 6 are evenly spaced on its end in the area of action of the blades 14 of the fan 9. On the rear hitch 3 of the power unit 1 a double-disk harrow 15 with toothed disks 16 is mounted.

EFFECT: highest grain yield with simultaneous embedding the combed stems into the soil.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for harvesting grain crops by tow on the vine using combined units.

A known method of harvesting crops, including operations; mowing the stalks of the harvested crop, threshing with partial chopping of straw, throwing the threshed bread mass into the air stream, loading the towed cart into the tank and delivering grain to the stationary processing and storage center (see the catalog “New agricultural machines and equipment for plant growing, animal husbandry and fodder production” TSNIITEIavtoselkhozmash, Ministry of Automobile and Agricultural Engineering of the USSR, Moscow. - 1990, p. 121).

The disadvantages of this method:

1. Inflated costs for the transportation of the entire volume of biological crop to a stationary point of processing and storage of grain.

2. Microdamage to grain.

3. Loss of grain.

A well-known universal field machine MPU-150 (see the catalog "New agricultural machinery and equipment for crop production, livestock raising and fodder production." TSNIITEI Avtoselkhozmash. USSR Ministry of Automotive and Agricultural Engineering. Moscow. - 1990, p. 122), containing a cabin, a motor unit, technological unit, main and control axles, header with cutting device, tilt chamber with removable counter-drive, towing device, hydraulic equipment, hydrostatic drive of the undercarriage and electrical equipment Waning.

Disadvantages of MPU-150:

1. Large energy intensity.

2. Inadequate performance.

There is a known method of harvesting grain crops, the option when they carry out: mowing bread within the upper 1/3 of the stem, peeling stubble, crushing the remaining part of the stems with a uniform distribution over the field, embedding the crushed mass of plants in the soil, loading the grain part into vehicles with delivery to stationary drying and threshing points or to the edge of the field to form a stack with subsequent threshing (see patent RU No. 2192117, IPC A01D 91/04, A01D 43/12, A01D 41/00, A01D 34/03, published 10.11.2002) .

The disadvantages of this method:

1. Inflated costs for the transportation of cut ears to a stationary point of processing and storage of grain.

2. Poor incorporation of crop residues into the soil.

3. Loss of grain cut ears.

4. Violation of the technological process in the presence of a laid mass.

A device for harvesting crops is known, an embodiment comprising a header with a frame and a cutting apparatus, a disk cultivator, a chopper of stems with a two-tier arrangement of knives. The chopper is pivotally mounted on the frame with the possibility of independent movement of the apparatus in the vertical plane.

Disc cultivator consists of two sections of discs. One of the sections of the discs is pivotally mounted on a scoop bar (see patent RU No. 2192117).

The disadvantages of this device:

1. Does not provide harvesting of laid bread.

2. Does not provide high-quality incorporation of crop residues into the soil.

3. Does not provide the density of loading ears in the tank next to the vehicle.

4. Allows losses with a cut spike.

The purpose of the invention:

1. Get the highest grain harvest.

2. Increase unit performance.

3. Reduce microdamage to grain.

4. Improve the quality of planting combed stems in the soil.

5. Reduce the cost of transporting biological crops.

The specified goal is achieved:

a) for the method of harvesting crops in that the ears are preferably brushed at the end of the wax ripeness stage in 6-7 days and finished 3-4 days before the grain is fully ripe, and the ears that are delivered to the stationary processing and storage point of grain before ripening ripen naturally by a method followed by threshing, while loading the ears of corn, harvested on the root, into the tank of a nearby vehicle is carried out by a throwing method;

after ripening, it is possible to store grain in an ear at a stationary point of processing and storing grain, provided that the grain mass is actively ventilated, followed by threshing at a convenient time;

b) for the unit for harvesting crops in that the harvester for harvesting crops on the vine is equipped with a blade fan mounted on the left side in the cavity of the unloading device, made in the form of a manifold with a rotary part, and the auger has four-way spiral tapes in one direction ending with blades evenly located on the end of the screw in the area of action of the fan blades, while a two-track disc harrow with gear discs is installed on the rear hitch of the power tool.

The width of the strip, stripped by the header, and the width of the strip, processed by a two-track disc harrow in one pass, are equal to each other and are in the same alignment, while at the edges of the header there are bar-type field dividers that determine the width of the header of the header.

Thus, the claimed "method of harvesting crops and the unit for its implementation" meets the criterion of "novelty."

Signs that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype, in other technical solutions in this area are not identified, which allows us to conclude that the claimed "method of harvesting crops and the unit for its implementation" meets the criterion of "significant differences".

Figure 1 shows the unit for harvesting crops, left view; figure 2 is the same, a top view; figure 3 is a view a of figure 3.

The method of harvesting crops includes operations: combing the ears on the vine with simultaneous loading of a nearby vehicle into the tank, sowing the combed stems into the soil, delivering the ears to a stationary processing and storage center for grain, followed by threshing.

Ears are preferably scrubbed at the end of the wax ripeness stage in 6-7 days and finished 3-4 days before the grain is fully ripened, and ears delivered to the stationary processing and storage point of grain before ripening are ripened naturally, followed by threshing, the root of the ears in the tank next to the vehicle is carried out in a throwing manner.

After ripening, it is possible to store grain in an ear at a stationary point of processing and storing grain, provided that the grain mass is actively ventilated, followed by threshing at a convenient time.

This allows:

1. Get the largest grain harvest due to the harvesting of crops in the optimal time, and 3-4 days before the full ripeness of grain to harvest seed material.

2. To increase the productivity of the unit due to the activation of the working bodies of the header.

3. Reduce microdamage to grain due to optimal harvesting time for crops.

4. To improve the quality of embossed combed stems by increasing the depth of embedding.

5. To reduce the cost of transporting the biological crop by combing the ears, as well as increasing the density of the mass of ears coming into the tank of a nearby vehicle in a throwing manner.

The inventive unit for harvesting grain crops (Fig. 1) comprises an energy device 1 with a front 2 and rear 3 hitch, a header 4 for combing crops on the vine with a combing drum 5, an auger 6 and an unloading device 7, a device 8 for planting combed stems into the soil .

The header 4 for harvesting crops at the root is equipped with a blade fan 9 mounted on the left side in the cavity of the discharge device 7, made in the form of a spike 10 with a rotary part 11, and the screw 6 (figure 2, figure 3) has four-way spiral tapes 12 of one direction ending with blades 13 uniformly located on the end of the screw 6 in the area of action of the blades 14 of the fan 9, with a two-track disc harrow 15 with gear discs 16 mounted on the rear hitch of the power tool 1.

The width “B” of the strip, stripped by the header 4, and the width “C”, processed by the two-track disc harrow 15 in one pass, are equal to each other, B = C, and are in the same alignment, while field dividers 17 are installed at the edges of the header 4 in front bar type, determining the width of the header 4.

When moving the unit for harvesting grain crops (Fig. 1), bar-type field dividers 17 installed along the edges of the header 4 in front (Fig. 2) divide the bread array, forming a strip with a width of "B", which determines the width of the header 4, hung on the front 2 a hitch to the energy means 1.

The combing drum 5 captures and combes the ears of grain and directs them to the screw 6 with four-starting spiral tapes 12 of the same direction, ending with blades 13 uniformly located at the end of the screw 6 in the area of action of the blades 14 of fan 9.

Four-way spiral strips 12 move the combed ears to the side of the blades 13, which throw them towards the blades 14 of the fan 9, which grab the ears and throw them into the unloading device 7, made in the form of a spike 10 with a rotary part 11, and then into the container next to it vehicle (figure 3).

The carved stems are embedded in the soil with a device 8 made in the form of a two-track disc harrow 15 mounted on the rear 3 of the power tool 1.

Toothed disks 16 chop the combed stems and close them into the soil.

The width "C" of the strip processed by the two-track disc harrow 15 in one pass is equal to the width "B" of the strip, stripped by the header 4, C = B, and is in the same alignment.

Installation on the rear 3 hinge of the energy means 1 of the two-track disc harrow 15 provides high-quality grinding and incorporation of carved stems into the soil.

Due to the presence on the screw 6 of four-way spiral strips 12 of the same direction, ending with the blades 13, evenly located at the end of the screw 6 in the area of action of the blades 14 of the fan 9, it allowed to increase the performance of the screw 6.

Equipping the header 4 for towing crops on the root with a paddle fan 9 made it possible to increase the loading density of the capacity of a nearby vehicle.

Claims (4)

1. A method of harvesting grain crops, including operations: brushing the ears on the vine with simultaneous loading of a nearby vehicle into the tank, sowing the stalked stems into the soil, delivering the ears to a stationary point of processing and storing grain, followed by threshing, characterized in that the ears are brushed preferably at the end of the wax ripeness stage in 6-7 days and finish 3-4 days before the full ripeness of the grain, and ears delivered to the stationary processing and storage point of grain before threshing ripen in a natural way, followed by threshing, while loading the ears of corn, harvested on the root, into the tank of a nearby vehicle is carried out by a throwing method. 2. The method of harvesting crops according to claim 1, characterized in that after ripening it is possible to store grain in an ear at a stationary point of processing and storage of grain, provided that the grain mass is actively ventilated, followed by threshing at a convenient time. 3. The unit for harvesting crops, containing the power tool with front and rear hitch, header for harvesting crops on the vine with a combing drum, auger and unloading device, a device for sowing harvested stems into the soil, characterized in that the header for harvesting crops on the root is equipped with a blade fan installed on the left side in the direction of travel in the cavity of the unloading device, made in the form of a spike with a rotary part, and the screw has four-way spiral tapes of one direction Nia ending blades uniformly disposed on the end of the screw acts in the area of the fan blades, wherein the power unit on the rear hitch installed dvuhslednaya disc harrow with toothed disks. 4. The unit for harvesting crops according to claim 3, characterized in that the width of the strip stripped by the header and the width of the strip processed by the two-track disc harrow in one pass are equal to each other and are in the same alignment, while the front edges of the header are installed bar-type field dividers determining the header width.

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