RU2748978C1 - Method of harvesting soybeans with a cut of the stems below the root collar - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used for harvesting soybeans. The method of harvesting soybeans with a cut of the stalks below the root collar consists in the fact that the stalks of soybeans are cut with a cutting device mounted on a combine harvester with a pick-up on its entire width, the selection of the stalks by the pick-up along the entire width of the header and their further movement from both sides to the middle in turns the auger of the header for threshing beans. At the same time, a cut along the root system of soybeans stems below the level of the root collar is provided with obliquely set cutting knives of the header, smoothly working at a shallow depth with a sliding motion of the knives.

EFFECT: invention allows to increase the yield of soybeans, increasing the yield of soybeans by the amount of losses of the grown crop by 3 c / ha.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in plant growing for harvesting soybeans.

A well-known and widely used method of harvesting soybeans (direct combining), in which plants in the phase of full technical ripeness are cut above the root collar with the cutting device of the header, threshed, the grain is cleaned and collected in a bunker, the straw is crushed and scattered on the field together with the floor. All these operations are performed in a single continuous flow by one machine - a combine with a mounted header and a straw chopper (Agricultural machines and the basics of operating the machine and tractor fleet / B.N. Chetyrkin, Z.I. Votsky, N.G. Polikutin, etc. - 2nd ed., Revised and supplemented - M .: Agropromizdat, 1989. - 336 p.)

The disadvantage of the known method of harvesting soybeans is a large loss of the most valuable soybean grain formed in the beans of the first nodes on the stem. Grain losses also occur when the stalks are stripped by the header reel strips (fallen beans). From the impact on the stems of the cutting knives of the header, leading to oscillatory movements of the soybean stems, cracking of the beans and spilling out of grain. Increased cutting height of soybeans stems due to the design features of the header, as well as its undulating vibrations due to uneven fields, which lead to an increased cutting height and, accordingly, yield losses due to the fact that the lower beans are not captured by the header. The total losses reach over 3-5 c / ha with an average soybean yield of 20 c / ha.

There are also known methods of harvesting grain crops and soybeans by combing ears and stalks on the vine with simultaneous collection in a container of a nearby vehicle and delivery for threshing to a stationary point (RF patent No. 2554984 A01D 91/04, A01D 41/08; Article: Panasyuk A. N., Sakharov V.A., Kuvshinov A.A., Maznev D.S., Mazur V.V. Stripping header / Rural machine operator. - 2019. - No. 9 P.18-19.

The disadvantage of harvesting soybeans by stripping is a very large loss of up to 30% of grain from the biological yield.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to prevent the loss of soybean yield by using a reel-less header and eliminating strips from the impact of the reel on the plants. Sliding knives along the stationary root system of a plant when they are cut does not cause sharp vibrations of the stems, cracking of beans and shedding of grain. A cut below the root collar by sliding the knives along the root system of the plant retains all the beans tied to the plant and provides an increase in soybean yield by the amount of losses when harvesting with a conventional grain harvester.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in order to reduce losses, soybeans are harvested by a combine with a header with a pick-up attached. The header is equipped with a bar, on which obliquely placed pruning knives are attached and without a reel, which provides a cut of the root system of the stems below the level of the root collar on the stem tangentially to the direction of movement of the combine header. Cutting takes place with a sliding movement of pruning knives 10 cm wide, up to 100 cm long and with a small angle of sharpening, set to the direction of movement. A full-width pick-up collects all cut plants and feeds them to the header auger and then to threshing.

FIG. 1 shows the header of a combine without a reel with a pick-up on the entire width of the header and subsoil trimming knives, obliquely set at an angle to the direction of travel. FIG. 2 is a side view of the header.

The method of harvesting soybeans with a cut of the stalks below the root collar, includes a mounted unmoving header 1, a pick-up 2, a bar 3 resting on the wheels and stands 4 of the pruning knives attachment, the pruning knives 5, the ramp 6 and the finger 7 of the pick-up 2, the header auger 8, the auger pin header 9, feeder chamber 10.

A mounted header 1 without a reel with a pick-up 2 for the entire width of the header and subsoil pruning knives obliquely installed to the direction of travel works as follows. The cutting device of the header 1, consisting of a bar of the frame 3 with support wheels, racks for attaching the subsoil pruning knives 4 and obliquely installed pruning knives 5 advanced in front, deepens to a shallow depth below the level of the soil surface and the header 1, moving smoothly, cuts the stalks of soybeans below the level of the root neck at the level of the roots of soybean plants. The pruning knives 5 are attached to the racks 4 and, without sharp jolts, smoothly at an angle with a sliding motion, cut the soybean stalks at the level of their roots. Low-cut soybean stalks, at a shallow depth and below the level of the root collar, are picked up by the spring fingers 7 of the pick-up 2, installed over the entire width of the header and moved in a continuous flow by the auger 8 of the header 1 and by the auger fingers 9 are transferred to the inclined chamber 10 and sent to threshing.

The pruning paws of knives 10 cm wide and up to 100 cm long, with a small angle of sharpness, work at a shallow depth and are installed at an angle, so that when the header of the combine moves, a sliding smooth movement of the knife occurs when cutting the root system of soybean stalks and there are no sharp jolts, while the stems do not sway and the beans do not crack, which prevents the loss of loose grain. When moving, the cut plants are partially freed from the soil and, due to the center of gravity, are thrown back onto the header platform, opposite to the direction of travel, then they are collected by the header and the header auger, and sent to threshing. The absence of a header reel prevents combing of beans, breaking the tops of tall stalks with beans and reduces losses. Cutting the soybean stems below the level of the root collar allows you to harvest the plant, capturing the entire stem with beans, including those located in 1 and 2 nodes of the stem, which eliminates the loss of full grain of the lower beans.

The proposed method of harvesting soybeans with a cut of the stems below the level of the root collar by a combine and with a reversible header with a pick-up on the entire width of the header and with obliquely set pruning knives allows to increase the yield of soybeans, and thereby eliminates the loss of soybean grain yield, providing an increase in grain harvest during harvesting on 3-5 centners / ha.

Claims (1)

A method of harvesting soybeans with a cut of the stalks below the root collar, characterized by the fact that the stalks of soybeans are cut with a cutting device mounted on a harvester without a winding header with a pick-up on its entire width, the selection of stalks by a pick-up along the entire width of the header and their further movement from both sides to the middle in turns the auger of the header for threshing the beans, while the cut along the root system of the soybeans stalks below the level of the root collar is provided with obliquely set cutting knives of the header, smoothly working at a shallow depth with the sliding motion of the knives.

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