RU2340157C1 - Machine for harvesting of row crops, predominantly soya beans - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: machine includes cutter, consisting of dividers and forming guiding channels transporters for the stalks. Cutting apparatus and counter knife are placed transverse to each of the guiding channels. Cutting apparatus consists of a disc with segmental knives. Counter knife is inversive-reversible. Machine may harvest row crops with inter-row spacing 0.45; 0.60; 0.70_-0.025 and 0.90 m by placing additional transporters.

EFFECT: ensures high productivity of soya beans harvesting provided high operational reliability.

8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, can be used in machines for harvesting row crops, mainly soybeans.

A known machine for harvesting row crops, mainly soybeans, including a header consisting of dividers, transporting devices of the stems forming a guide channel, a cutting apparatus made of a disk with segmented knives, and a counter knife located across the guide channel of the transporting device of stems, in which, with In order to reduce seed loss by improving the quality of crop cutting, the machine is equipped with at least one additional counter-knife located in front of the main one, having an angle of inclination to the axis of the channel and compared with the angle of inclination of the main counter-knife, the additional counter-knife from the side of the main counter-knife has a convex edge (SU, copyright certificate No. 967361. M. class A01D 45/00 // A01D 45/22. Machine for harvesting row crops, mainly soy / B.I. Kushnil, N.A. Kopchenko, V.P. Ioffe et al. (USSR) - Application No. 2993443 / 30-15; Announced on 08/04/1980; publ. 10/23/1982, bull. No. 39) .

The disadvantages of the described machine include low operational reliability of the cutting apparatus, because his counterknife is located in close proximity to the field surface. The stems and leaves of soy are covered with a layer of soil, which is an abrasive medium. This leads to rapid wear of the cutting edges of the counter-knife blades and the cutting edges of the segment knives. The described machine is adapted for harvesting rows of soybeans with a constant row spacing: either 0.45 m; or 0.60 m; either 0.70 m; or 0.90 m. Thus, when cultivating new promising soybean varieties, four reapers are required for mowing soybean stems and direct harvesting.

However, the method of harvesting soybeans with direct harvesting ensures the completeness of the harvesting of beans with minimal mechanical injury to the soybean seeds. Due to the placement of the counter-knife on two adjacent stem lifters, a constant clearance between the cutting edges of the counter-knife blades and the cutting edges of the segment knives of the disk cutting apparatus is not provided.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is expanding the capabilities of a machine for harvesting row crops by the example of soybean sown with rows of 45, 60, 70 _-2.5 and 90 cm.

The technical result is an increase in productivity and operational reliability of the machine.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known machine for harvesting row crops, mainly soybeans, including a header consisting of dividers, transporting devices of the stems forming a guide channel, a cutting device made of a disk with segment knives, and a counter knife located across the guide channel stalk transporting device, according to the invention, the machine is equipped with the ability to harvest rows of soybeans sown with aisles of 0.45; 0.60; _0.70-0.025 and 0.90 m, by placing additional transporting devices, while each of them has a disk with segment knives and a counter-knife, the latter is made inverse-reversible.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows the header of the machine for harvesting row crops, mainly soybeans, left side view.

Figure 2 is the same, view A, in plan, when mowing 8 rows with row spacing of 0.70 m

In Fig.3 is a section bB in Fig.1, a counterknife with the main and additional blades placed in the guide channel.

Figure 4 - section bb in figure 1, a cutting apparatus with segment knives.

In Fig.5 is a view of G in Fig.1, pinching the stems (γ ₁ ) between the main blade of the counter-knife and cutting the stalks of soybeans with a second segment knife on the additional blade of the counter-knife.

In Fig.6 is a view of G in Fig.1, pinching (γ ₂ ) and a cut of the butt portion of all soy stems on the main blade of the counter-knife.

In Fig.7 is a view of G in Fig.1, pinching (γ ₃ ) and a cut of the butt portion of a larger number of soy stems on an additional counter-knife blade.

In Fig.8 is a section DD in Fig.5, a diametrical section of the drive shaft of the disk with segment knives installed in the bearings in the beam.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

A machine for harvesting row crops, mainly soybean, includes a header 1, consisting of dividers 2, transporting devices 3 stems forming a guide channel 4, a cutting apparatus 5, located across the guide channel 4 of the transporting device 3 stems.

The header 1 (see Figs. 1 and 2) has a frame 6, a supporting beam 7, a screw 8 with left and right-hand coils of coils 9 and 10 and a finger mechanism 11, an inclined chamber 12 and a floating chain-slat conveyor 13. Inclined chamber 12 connected to the threshing chamber of the combine harvester.

The divider 2 in the form of a trihedral wedge is mounted on a stem lifter 14 (see figures 1 and 2). The lifter 14 is fixed by means of fastening on the longitudinal power beam 15 (see figures 1 and 8). The longitudinal power beam 15 is mounted on the supporting beam 7 with the possibility of reinstallation. This allows the dividers 2, stem lifters 14, transporting device 3 soybean stems and longitudinal power beams 15 on the supporting beam 7 to place with a step t (figure 2), equal to 0.45 m; 0.60 m, 0.70 _-0.025 m and 0.90 m. With a structural width of header 1 equal to _5.6 m, the number of installed dividers 2 at t = 45 cm is 13; at t = 60 cm the number of dividers 2 is 10; at t = 70 _-2.5 cm, the number of divisors 2 is 9; at t = 90 cm, the number of divisors 2 is 7.

In the first case, sowing is carried out with a twin six-row seeder ССТ-6А or СУН-6 with row spacing of 0.45 m ± 0.01 m.

In the second case, sowing of soybean seeds is carried out with the SUPN-8A seeder equipped with an additional sowing section. The row spacing is 60 cm ± 1 cm.

In the third case, sowing is carried out with the SUPN-8A seeder with eight coulters. The row spacing is 90 cm.

In the fourth case, sowing is carried out with the SUPN-8A seeder with six coulters. The row spacing is 70 cm ± 1 cm.

Thus, the machine for harvesting row crops, mainly soybeans, is equipped with the ability to harvest rows of soybean sown with aisles of 0.45; 0.60; _0.70-0.025 and 0.90 m by placing additional transporting devices 3 stems, cutting devices 5, placed on the longitudinal power beams 15. On each power beam 15 there is a drive disk 16 with segment knives 17 and a counter knife 18 (see Fig. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8).

Each segment knife 17 with the disk 16 is connected with rivets 19. On each disk 16 there are six segment knives 17.

Each segment knife 17 has a blade 20 with a cutting edge 21. The cutting edge 21 of the blade 20 (see figure 4) is inclined to the radius of the disk 16 at an angle η. Blade sharpening angle 20-21 ° ± 3 °. On the blade 20, notches are made.

Slots are made in the sleeve of the disk 16. The disk 16 with a splined sleeve is mounted on the splined shank 22 of the driven shaft 23. The axial movement of the splined sleeve of the disk 16 is limited by the washer 24, the nut 25 and the cotter pin 26 and the shoulder on the lower end of the driven shaft 23.

The driven shaft 23 is installed in the cup 27 by means of bearing bearings 28. The upper bearing bracket 28 in the cup 27 is fixed by the locking ring 29. The axial displacement of the lower bearing bracket 28 from the offset in the cup 27 is limited by the spline sleeve of the disc 16. The cup 27 is located in the longitudinal power beam 15 and fixed by welds.

In the upper part of the driven shaft 23 there is an asterisk 30 connected by a sleeve-roller chain 31 with a drive sprocket 32 of the drive of the cutting apparatus 5 (see Fig. 1) and the conveying device 3.

The conveying device 3 is made in the form of two pairs of endless sleeve-roller chains 33, sprockets 34 and 35 and an endless corrugated sheet 36. A pair of infinitely corrugated sheets 36 a row of stems are captured and fed to the cutting device 5.

Sprockets 30, 34 and 35 at the upper end of a vertically mounted drive shaft 23 are tightly mounted on the splined knurled triangular profile. The torque from the sprocket 30 by means of splined knurls is transmitted to the sprockets 34 and 35 of the stalk conveying device 3 and the cutting apparatus 5.

The counterknife of the cutting apparatus 5 is made inverse-reversible (see figure 3). The counterknife 18 is made of two parts, aligned relative to the trace of the plane I-I (see figure 3). Counter knife 18 has a flange with a hole in the center. The diameter of the hole of the flange of the counterknife 18 is equal to the outer diameter of the spline sleeve of the disk 16 (see Fig. 8). The counterknife 18 is mounted on the longitudinal power beam 15 with bolts 37. Each bolt 37 with the head and square shank 38 is placed in the arc grooves 39 and 40 of the counter knife 18 and in the coaxial holes of the longitudinal power beam 15. Fastening means - nuts, washers (flat and spring) - placed on the upper plane of the longitudinal power beam 15, which ensures ease of installation of the counter knife 18 and the adjustment of the gap between the counter knife 18 and the segment knives 17.

Each counter-knife 18 has a main blade 41 and an additional blade 42. The main blade 41 and the additional blade 42 have cutting edges 43 and 44. The cutting edges 43 and 44 of the blades 41, 42 are formed by sharpening at an angle of 30 °. The main cutting edge 43 of the blade 41 is deviated from the radius (d _2/2) of the circumscribed circle of the counter 18 through an angle α _2. The cutting edge 43 of the additional knife 42 is deflected from the radial beam by an angle α ₁ . The blade-forming elements of the counterknife 18 are diameters d ₁ and d ₂ . The diameter d ₁ is determined either by the outer diameter of the cup 27 or by the width of the power beam 15. The diameter d _{2 is} established taking into account the diameter d ₁ and the width “C” of the guide channel 4. Coaxially mounted on the spline shaft 22 of the driven shaft 23 and the disk hub 16 counterknife 18 has the ability to rotate from the nominal position at angles β ₁ and β ₂ (see figure 3). The angle β ₁ (see FIGS. 3 and 6) ensures individual operation of the main blade 41 of the counterknife 18, while the value of the pinching angle γ ₂ prevents soybean stems from slipping out of the space between the cutting edges 43 and 21.

The angle β ₂ ensures stable cutting of soybean stalks from the entire width “C” of the guide channel 4 and pinching of the stalks in the range of angles γ ₃ between the cutting edges 21 and 43 (see Fig. 7).

When the toe of the main blade 41 along the axis of the channel 4 is located, the number of cut stems falls in equal shares on the cutting edges 43 and 44 of the main blade 41 and the additional 42 counterknife 18. The value of the pinching angle γ ₁ (see Fig. 5) corresponds to the average value of the angles β ₁ and β ₂ .

Thus, the counterknife 18 has the possibility of angular displacement around the axis of rotation of the driven shaft 22 and changes in the cutting angles of the soy stems of the rotating segment knives 17 on the cutting edges 43 and 44 of the main and additional blades 41 and 42 and the inverse-reverse design of the counterknife 18 by rotation through an angle 180 ° without reinstallation and dismantling in the field. With unacceptably large abrasive wear of the blades 41 and 42, you can use the cutting edges 43 and 44 of the spare blades 41 and 42 of the counter knife 18 without disassembling the cutting apparatus 5. This can significantly increase the operational reliability of the machine.

Machine for harvesting ordinary crops, mainly soybeans, works as follows.

When sowing tall soybean varieties with row spacing of _0.70-0.025 m, the beans and seeds are harvested by a header 1 equipped with nine dividers 2 and eight cutting devices 5. The drive of the cutting devices 5 and transporting devices 3 is provided with a power mechanism mounted in the supporting beam 7. By for this reason, the spline shaft shank 45 of each conveying device 3 is associated with the specified power mechanism. When the power mechanism is on, the shaft 45 of the drive sprocket 32 through the sleeve-roller chain transmission 31 drives the driven sprocket 30 and, therefore, the driven shaft 23. The rotation of the shaft 23 leads to the translational movement of the leading and driven branches of the endless corrugated sheet 36. The leading branches of the sheet 36 during the forward movement of the machine in the direction of V _m stems of soybean, orientated adjacent dividers 2, are fed into the guide passage 4. Simultaneously, the job enters the cutting unit 5. in order to reduce losses from beans and energy consumption and quality of cut stems cutting edges 21 of blades 20 segmental blade 17 before start of harvesting perform the following adjustment in the cutting unit 5. Retrieve the pin 26 from the diametral holes on the threaded shank of the driven shaft 23. Next, the nut 25 are screwed into three or four turns. Slightly upset the spline sleeve of the disk 16 down, forming a gap of 1-2 mm between the working planes of the segment knives 17 and the plane of the counterknife 18. Then, by rotating the nut 25 with the fixed driven shaft 23, the spline sleeve of the disk 16 is displaced along the splines on the lower end of the shaft 23. Using a gauge the probe establish a guaranteed gap between each segment knife 17 and the blades 41 and 42 of the counterknife 18 within 0.3 ... 0.6 mm. When the driven shaft 23 is released, check the ease of rotation and the absence of mutual contact of the cutting edges 21 and 41, 42. In this way, they act with seven other cutting devices 5. When the work is completed, all nuts 25 at the ends of the shafts 23 are mandatory.

When the direction of the stalks of soybeans in the guide channel 4 of width "C", the deviation of the stems from the axis of symmetry of channel 4 is random. When installing the toe of the main blade 41 (see Fig. 5) in the middle of the channel 4, part of the stems is guided between the stem lifter 14 and the cutting edge 43 of the main blade 41. When the machine moves forward V _m and the disk 16 is rotated by the cutting edge 21 of the segment knife 16, the stem is pinched first in the alignment of the angle γ ₁ (see figure 1) and its further cutting on the hard stop - the cutting edge 43 of the main blade 41 of the counter-knife 18. The presence of the notches on the blade of the segment knife 17 prevents the stem from slipping out and disrupting the process. The cut stem in the butt part at a cutting height of 4-6 cm by transporting devices 3, supported by the stem lifters 14, is sent to the header platform 1.

The second stream of stems from the guide channel 4 (see Fig. 5) enters the blade 44 of the additional blade 42. With the cutting edge 21 of one of the rotating segment knives 17, the stems are brought to the blade 42 and cut thereon. Thus, the incoming soybean stems are cut in two stages in the butt part and transporting devices 3 are fed through channel 4 to the header platform 1.

Cut soybean stalks with turns 9 and 10 of screw 8 are shifted to the middle of header 1. With a finger mechanism 11, soybean stalks are fed into the inclined chamber 12. By a chain-and-belt conveyor 13, beans from soybean stalks are combed when shifted along the bottom of the chamber 12. Parts of the stems separated from the beans from stalks and straw mass with beans enters the receiving part of the threshing chamber of the combine harvester. In the presence of a beating threshing apparatus in the threshing chamber, threshing of soybean seeds is carried out in soft mode: with gaps at the inlet of 32 ... 36 m and 16 ... 18 mm at the exit from the drum rotation parts 480 ... 540 min ^-1 .

When threshing early ripening soybean varieties, usually easily crumbling, the cutting apparatus 5 is set to a single mode of cutting stems. When the nuts 41 are loosened on the bolts 37, the counterknife 18 is rotated by an angle β ₂ from the nominal position (see Figs. 8, 6 and 3 in sequence). In this case, the guide channel 4 with a width of "C" is blocked by the main blade 41 (see Fig.6). Cutting edges 21 all the stems deviate to the right in the direction of the machine V _m When the disk 16 is rotated at an angular speed ω (s ^-1 ) by the cutting edges 21 of the rotating segment knives 16, the supplied stems are cut off on the cutting edge 43 of the main blade. Cut stalks of soybeans transporting devices 3 are fed to the platform of the header 1.

With strong abrasive wear of the cutting edge 43 of the blade 42, the counterknife 18 is rotated to the position shown in Fig.7. In this case, the angles between the cutting edges 43 and 44 of the main blade 41 and the additional blade 42 and the direction of movement V _m become minimal. This leads to the cutting of soybean stems on the cutting edges 43 and 44 with sliding, providing a complete cut of the stems with relatively annular edges 21 of the segment knives 17.

In case of violation of the technological process - clogging of the guide channel 4 with uncut stalks of soybeans - the machine operator releases the bolts 37, successively lowering them down from the arc grooves 39 and 40. The bolts 37 fall out between adjacent segmented knives 17 on the disk 16. Then, the counterknife 18 is rotated 180 ° around the splined sleeve of the disk 16. Then, in the coaxial holes of the longitudinal power beam 15, insert the bolts 37 and fix the counter knife 18 in the required position. After tightening the nuts 41, the clearances (0.3 ... 0.6 mm) between the planes of the segment knives 17 and the counterknife 18 are checked at the threaded ends of the bolts 37.

The described design of the cutting apparatus 5 provides high quality cuts, operational reliability and productivity of the machine when harvesting soybeans of different maturity, cultivated with wide ranges of row spacing: 0.45; 0.60; 0.70 and 0.90 m.

Claims (1)

A machine for harvesting row crops, mainly soybeans, including a header consisting of dividers, transporting device stems forming a guide channel, a cutting device made of a disk with segment knives, and a counter knife located across the guide channel of the transporting device stems, characterized in that the machine equipped with the ability to harvest rows of soybean sown with aisles of 0.45; 0.60; _0.70-0.025 and 0.90 m by placing additional conveying devices, while each of them has a drive disk with segment knives and a counter-knife, the latter is made inversion-reverse.

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