RU2455816C1 - Harvester for leguminous crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machinery. The harvester comprises the reaping part, the feed elevator, the threshing and separating unit and a straw separator. The threshing and separating unit comprises rolls arranged in pairs and placed in layers on the shafts and which are changeable depending on the size of the seeds of threshed culture. For threshing of large-seeded crops, the threshing rolls are made as cylindrical shaft with a pressed-on elastic tube which surface is made as wave-like whips. Directions of the waves in neighboring whips are perpendicular, and wave height corresponds to the size of the threshed seeds. Rolls of each pair rotate towards each other. The upper threshing rolls rotate with a higher peripheral speed than the lower rolls. The lower rolls are installed with the ability to adjust the gap, which at the input has a greater significance than at the output. The straw separator is made as a chain-slatted conveyor with elliptical shakers. Under the straw separator a chute tray is mounted. Under the rolls the transport board is located, coupled with the cleaning sieves. For thrashing of small-seeded crops, other removable rolls are mounted, which are cylindrical shafts on which a flexible tube with helical grooves is pressed-on.

EFFECT: device provides a quality thrashing without damage of the seed material.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in machines for harvesting grain and bean crops.

A known combine harvester comprising a header, an inclined chamber, a device for preliminary grinding of grain with a sieve located underneath, a screw, an elevator, a threshing machine, a straw straw walker, a stacker, a cleaning sieve and silos for receiving grain, respectively, from a preliminary threshing device and a threshing machine, moreover, a device for pre-threshing grain is installed between the header and the tilting chamber and is made in the form of pairs installed from the upper and lower rollers having mechanisms for adjusting the gaps between the rollers in pairs, and a sieve and screw are mounted under the lower rollers for transporting threshed seeds to the seed hopper, each roller of the preliminary threshing device is made in the form of a hollow shaft with pins and a blade placed tangentially to the surface of the hollow shaft, while the blades in the initial fixed position of the mechanism for adjusting the gaps between the rollers in pairs are mounted orthogonally, and in each pair the mechanism for adjusting the gaps between for rollers, it is made in the form of a synchronizing gear, for example, from a pair of equal-sized gear gears, the hub of one of which is connected to the pin of the upper roller by means of, for example, dowels, and the hub of the other gear is placed on the pin of the lower roller for free rotation and connected to the pin by means of a flange and means fastenings (RU, patent for invention No. 2267249).

The disadvantages of this combine harvester include design complexity, low threshing quality, significant grain loss.

A known combine harvester comprising a header, an inclined chamber, a device for preliminary grinding of grain with a sieve located underneath, a screw, an elevator, a threshing machine, a straw straw walker, a stacker, a cleaning sieve and silos for receiving grain, respectively, from a preliminary threshing device and a threshing machine, moreover, a device for pre-threshing grain is installed between the header and the tilting chamber and is made in the form of pairs installed from the upper and lower rollers having mechanisms for adjusting the gaps between the rollers in pairs, and a sieve and screw are mounted under the lower rollers for transporting threshed seeds to the seed hopper, each roller of the preliminary threshing device is made in the form of a hollow shaft with pins and a blade placed tangentially to the surface of the hollow shaft, while the blades in the initial fixed position of the mechanism for adjusting the gaps between the rollers in pairs are mounted orthogonally, and in each pair the mechanism for adjusting the gaps between for rollers, it is made in the form of a synchronizing gear, for example, from a pair of equal-sized gear gears, the hub of one of which is connected to the pin of the upper roller by means of, for example, dowels, and the hub of the other gear is placed on the pin of the lower roller for free rotation and connected to the pin by means of a flange and means fastenings (RU, patent for invention No. 2223642).

The disadvantages of this combine harvester include the complexity of the design of the device for pre-threshing, significant loss of grain during threshing, as well as damage to the threshed grain.

It is known a threshing-separating device containing a pair of receiving rollers and faceted threshing rollers pairwise mounted behind them, made in the form of a casing with pins, while the casing of the threshing rollers is made in the form of mating removable elements with a working and back surfaces, the working surface of each of which is curved a plate provided at its edges with a cylindrical groove and a spike connected in series with each other so that the spike of one is located in the groove of another removable element, than on the working surface of the curvilinear plate hollows and protrusions are placed with alternation, the hollows are made with a radius of curvature to prevent sticking of the seeds of the harvested crop in it, and the size of the radius of curvature of each subsequent hollow is larger than the previous one, while the protrusions are provided with working edges, the shape of which is formed the curved surface of the removable element, the front and rear faces of the protrusion, while the back surface of the removable element is equipped with a semicircular stop paired with a semicircular to Navka hollow portion of the stud, while the inner part of the groove has a power plate with threaded flanks, and threshes rollers are formed by two, three or four movable elements (RU, patent №2001550 C1).

The disadvantages of this threshing and separating device include low threshing quality and significant grain injury.

It is known a threshing-separating device containing interacting rollers in pairs or in tiers located on the shafts, the shafts of the upper of which are spring-loaded relative to the lower, each roller being made in the form of threshing elements arranged in series on the shafts, each of which is made in the form of two identical, truncated large bases cones, while the threshing elements of each shaft are installed with gaps in the form of annular spaces, and in the gaps between the threshing elements are not movable scrapers (SU, copyright certificate No. 1606001 A1).

The disadvantages of this threshing-separating device include significant grain damage and high energy costs for threshing.

This threshing and separating device is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

The problem to which the present invention is directed, simplifying the design of the harvester, improving the quality of threshing, reducing grain losses, the absence of damage to the seed material.

EFFECT: reduced trauma to grain having high humidity, increased productivity, reduced repair and maintenance costs, improved quality of threshed grain.

The task is achieved in that in a combine for harvesting leguminous crops, including the harvesting part, an inclined chamber, a threshing and separating device, a straw walker, while the threshing and separating device contains interacting rollers arranged in pairs and tiered on the shafts, according to the invention, interacting rollers arranged on the shafts the rollers are made interchangeable depending on the size of the seeds of the threshed culture, for threshing large-seeded crops the threshing rollers are a cylinder An elastic shaft, onto which an elastic tube is pressed, the surface of which is made in the form of pests in a wave-like configuration, while the directions of waves of neighboring pests are perpendicular, and the wave height corresponds to the size of the seeds of the threshed culture, the rollers of each pair rotate towards each other, and the upper threshing rollers have a large peripheral speed, the lower threshing rollers are installed with the possibility of adjusting the threshing gap, which at the input a is more important than at the output b, for threshing m of light seed crops, the threshing rollers are a cylindrical shaft onto which an elastic tube with screw grooves is pressed, the depth of which corresponds to the size of the seeds of the threshed culture, the rollers of each pair rotate towards each other, while the upper threshing rollers have a high peripheral speed, the lower threshing rollers are installed with the possibility adjust the threshing gap, which has a larger value of a at the input than at the output of b, the straw walker is a chain-slatted evator with elliptical shaker, a walker provided pitched pan and under the rollers - the transport board, coupled with the cleaning sieves.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of a combine for harvesting legumes, side view.

Figure 2 - threshing and separating device, side view.

Figure 3 - a pair of threshing rollers for small seed crops.

Figure 4 is a cross section of a threshing roller for large seed crops.

Figure 5 - threshing roller for large-seed crops, side view.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed technical solution is as follows:

The combine for harvesting leguminous crops includes a reel 1, a harvesting part 2, an inclined chamber 3, paired with a threshing and separating device 4, behind which a straw walker 5 is mounted, which is a chain-slat elevator with elliptical shakers 6. Under the straw walker there is a pitched pallet 7 and air sieve cleaning 8.

The threshing and separating device includes the upper 9, 10 and lower 11, 12 threshing rollers mounted above the transport board 13. Behind the threshing rollers 10, 11, a straw walker 5 is mounted, which is a roller-roller chain 14 that rest on elliptical shakers 6.

A threshing and separating device containing interacting rollers 9, 10, 11, 12 in pairs located on the shafts, which are made interchangeable depending on the size of the seeds of the threshed culture.

For threshing of large-seed crops, the rollers are a cylindrical shaft on which an elastic pipe is pressed,

the surface of which is made in the form of pests 17 in a wavy configuration, while the directions of the waves in neighboring pests are perpendicular. Support shafts 18 are provided on the shafts for mounting on thrust bearings.

For threshing small-seeded crops, the threshing rollers are a cylindrical shaft on which an elastic tube with screw grooves is pressed, the depth of which corresponds to the size of the seeds of the threshed culture. The rollers of each pair 9, 12 and 10, 11 rotate towards each other. The peripheral speed of the upper threshing rollers is greater than the lower ones. The lower threshing rollers are mounted with the possibility of adjusting the threshing gap, which has a larger value a at the input than at the output b.

The harvester works as follows:

When moving along a field occupied by a harvested crop, reel 1 captures the stems and feeds them to the cutting device and then onto the auger of the reaping part 2.

From the harvesting part, the stems are transported by an inclined chamber 3 into a threshing and separating device 4.

The front pair of rollers 9, 12 captures the cut crop and passes it through the threshing gap a between the rollers.

When threshing large-seed crops, pests 17 affect the threshed mass. In this case, a mass strike and lateral displacement are performed, which ensures the grinding out of most of the leguminous grains.

When passing the first pair of threshing rollers, the threshed mass is evenly distributed over the width of the rollers and fed into the second pair of threshing rollers 10, 11, which ensures complete grinding of seeds from legumes of legumes.

When threshing small seeds and crops, the most effective rollers with helical grooves (figure 3), which provide grinding of the plant mass without damage to the grains and their complete grinding.

The threshed plant mass is fed to a straw walker, which ensures the separation of threshed grains from the straw mass through the use of elliptical shakers. In this case, the grains isolated from the straw mass are fed to the pallet 7 and then for air-sieve cleaning.

The use of a threshing threshing and separating device with replaceable rollers for threshing leguminous crops prevents injury to grain having high humidity, increases the productivity of the combine, improves the quality of threshed grain.

Claims (1)

The combine for harvesting legumes, including the harvesting part, an inclined chamber, a threshing and separating device, a straw walker, while the threshing and separating device contains interacting rollers arranged in pairs and tiered on the shafts, characterized in that the interacting rollers arranged on the shafts are interchangeable from the size of the threshed culture, for threshing large-seeded crops, the threshing rollers are a cylindrical shaft on which elastic t is pressed the shaft, the surface of which is made in the form of pests in a wavy configuration, while the directions of the waves of neighboring pests are perpendicular, and the wave height corresponds to the size of the seeds of the threshed culture, the rollers of each pair rotate towards each other, the upper threshing rollers have a high peripheral speed, the lower threshing rollers are installed with the possibility of adjusting the gap, which is more important at the input a than at the output b, the threshing rollers for threshing small-seed crops are a cylindrical shaft on which an elastic tube with screw grooves is pressed, the depth of which corresponds to the size of the seeds of the threshed culture, the rollers of each pair rotate towards each other, while the upper threshing rollers have a high peripheral speed, the lower threshing rollers are installed with the possibility of adjusting the threshing gap, which has a larger value of a at the input than at output b, the straw walker is a chain-sloped elevator with elliptical shakers, under the straw walker dusmotren pitched pan and under the rollers - the transport board, coupled with the cleaning sieves.

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