RU2558965C1 - Harvester for combing harvesting of standing crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machinery industry and can be used in the construction of a harvester for combing harvesting of standing crops. The harvester comprises a crawler truck, a header, and a thresher. The header comprises a rotary-comb dresser, an auger, and an unloading device with a fan. The thresher comprises a threshing device, an air-and-screen cleaner, a chute board, an elevator for tailings, a hopper for collecting grains, a device for pressing the tailings, and a motor unit. The threshing device has a receiving hopper. The threshing device is made in the form of two ribbed rollers. The rollers rotate towards each other at different speeds. The rollers have a mechanism for adjusting the gap between them.

EFFECT: possibility is provided to use the thresher at the station for threshing and cleaning the unfanned heap; reduced damage and loss of grain.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in the design of the combine harvester for harvesting crops with a pile on the vine.

Known self-propelled combine harvester "Yenisei-1200 (see. Self-propelled combine harvesters" Yenisei ". Technical description and operating instructions. Krasnoyarsk production association for combine harvesters. Krasnoyarsk 1984), containing the harvesting part, thresher, hopper with unloading device, motor installation, device for collecting the non-cereal part of the crop, power transmission, running system, controls.

In this configuration, the Yenisei-1200 combine is used for harvesting grain crops when the entire cut-off biological mass of the harvested crop enters the thresher of the combine.

In addition, the Yenisei-1200 combine is used for harvesting grain crops with a standing crop (see www.avtomash.ru/preq/enisei/okd.htm) with an OKD-4 twin-drum cleaning device (see patent RU No. 2056086, IPC A01D 41/08, published on March 20, 1996), containing a copying platform with a screw and a combing module, consisting of two stripping drums installed in the casing, swivel suspension pivotally and through hydraulic cylinders connected to the copying platform, a combing module pivotally mounted on swivel suspensions with possibility of rotation around the axis of the stripper about the drum and connected by rods with brackets rigidly fixed to the body of the copying platform.

The main disadvantages of the Yenisei-1200 combine working with the OKD-4 twin-drum combing device are:

1. Injury of grain by the strips of the reaping conveyor, feeding the combed bread mass to the combine thresher.

2. Loss of grain through the seal in the connection of the harvesting part with the thresher of the combine.

3. The inability to use the combine thresher in the hospital for threshing and cleaning of a heap of dust without additional devices.

Known harvester for harvesting crops on the vine according to copyright certificate SU No. 1766310, IPC A01D 41/08, publ. 10/07/92. Bull. No. 37, containing a stripping device, a cutting device, a thresher.

The stripping device includes a stripping drum, consisting of a shell and stripping combs and discs-dividers installed on it, a brush beater - a reflector located in front of the stripping drum, a screw for collecting the stripped pile, and an inclined camera.

The thresher consists of a successively arranged receiving brush-blade beater and a curved separating grate, a rotary pin brush separator with a mesh separating grating, a brush intermediate beater with a separating grating of the threshing drum with elastic brush-type working bodies and a mesh deck, and a grinding machine with a bar-plate deck, a cylindrical straw walker of the mesh type with a device for removing straw particles from erhnosti and stryasnoy boards, cleaning the hopper.

The disadvantages of the harvester for standing crops on the bus. St. SU No. 1766310 are:

1. Injury of grain by the slats of the conveyor of the inclined chamber, feeding the combed bread mass to the combine thresher.

2. Loss of grain through the seal in the connection of the harvesting part with the thresher of the combine.

3. The inability to use the combine thresher in the hospital for threshing and cleaning of a heap of dust without additional devices.

The purpose of the invention 1) to reduce the percentage of grain injuries, 2) to reduce the level of grain losses, 3) to use the combine thresher in the hospital for threshing and cleaning a heap of heaps.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the threshing device has a receiving hopper into which the combed bread mass from the header is loaded through an unloading device with a fan, while the threshing device is made in the form of two ribbed rollers rotating towards each other at different speeds.

The ribbed rollers of the threshing device have a mechanism for adjusting the gap between them.

Thus, the inventive harvester for harvesting crops with a standing bud meets the criterion of "novelty."

Signs that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype, in other technical solutions in this area are not identified, which allows us to conclude that the inventive harvester for harvesting crops by the bud meets the criterion of "significant differences".

In Fig.1 shows a harvester for harvesting crops with a pile on the vine, left view; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; figure 3 is a view In figure 2.

The inventive harvester for harvesting crops with a standing pulp (Fig. 1) contains a header 1 with a stripping drum 2, a screw 3, an unloading device 4 with a fan 5, hung on a thresher 6 of a combine containing a threshing device 7, wind screening 8 with two fans 9 and 10, blowing the shaking board 11 and sieves 12, 13 on both sides, the pitched board 14, the elevator 15 for transporting under-thinned ears, the hopper 16 for collecting grain mounted on the frame of the caterpillar cart 17 under the shaking board 11, the device 18 for presses of the non-cereal part of the crop, engine installation 19.

The threshing device 7 has a receiving hopper 20, into which the combed bread mass is loaded from the header 1 through an unloading device 4 with a fan 5, while the threshing device 7 (figure 2, figure 3) is made in the form of two ribbed rollers 21 and 22, rotating towards each other at different speeds.

Ribbed rollers 21 and 22 of the threshing device 7 (figure 3) have a mechanism 23 for adjusting the clearance "S" between them.

When the combine is moving across the field with a bread mass, the harvester 1 uses the combing drum 2 to comb the stalks of the harvested crop from the bottom up, breaks the ears and sends them to the screw 3, then through the unloading device 4 with the fan 5, the combed bread mass is loaded into the receiving hopper 20 of the threshing device 7, made in the form of two ribbed rollers 21 and 22.

Combed grain mass passing through the gap "S" between the ribbed rollers 21 and 22 rotating towards each other at different speeds is threshed.

The grain heap falling on the working surface of the shaking board 11 is subjected to intense exposure to the air flow of the fan 9, while light impurities of the grain heap, including the floor, are blown out by the air flow of the fan 9, directed over and along the working surface of the shaking board 11, forcing them move towards the pressing device 18, where the floor and light impurities are pressed and, for example, loaded into a plastic bag, laid in a trailed cart (not shown in Fig.).

Under-thinned ears remaining in the grain pile after exposure to the air flow of the fan 9 fall on the working surface of the shaking board 11 and due to its oscillatory movements, the grain tends to take a lower position on the working surface of the shaking board 11, and under-thinned ears on top of the grain.

The grain heap, reaching sieve 12, is exposed to the air flow of the fan 10 wind-sieve cleaning 8.

The remaining light impurities and the floor are blown out and, having connected with the air flow of the fan 9, are sent to the pressing device 18.

Grains and unfinished ears fall through the sieve 12 and enter the surface of the sieve 13.

Pure grain falls through the sieves of the sieve 13 and through the ramp board 14 enters the hopper 16 for collecting grain mounted on the frame of the tracked cart 17 under the ramp board 14.

Under-thinned ears go off the sieve 13 and go to the elevator 15 for transporting under-thinned ears, then to the receiving hopper 20 of the threshing device 7, where the ears are grinded, and the threshed grain falls on the working surface of the shaker board 11 under the influence of the air flow of fan 9 .

The drive of the working bodies and the running gear is carried out from the motor unit 19.

The gap "S" between the rollers 21 and 22 of the threshing device 7 is regulated using the mechanism 23.

Due to the fact that the threshing device has a receiving hopper, loading of the stripped mass can be carried out using a header having an unloading device with a fan, that is, by means of an air flow, excluding trauma to grain by the slats of the conveyor of the inclined chamber. In addition, the threshing machine 6 of the combine can be used in a hospital when threshing and cleaning a stray pile, loading the receiving hopper 20 using, for example, a conveyor.

The implementation of the threshing device 7 in the form of two ribbed rollers, 21 and 22, rotating towards each other at different speeds, allows high-quality threshing of ears, similar to grinding the ears on the palms, while the ears do not experience shock loads.

Due to the presence of a mechanism 23 for adjusting the clearance “S” between the ribbed rollers 21 and 22, the combine can be used for harvesting many types of crops with a hemp on the vine.

Using the proposed harvester for harvesting crops with a pile on the vine will allow:

1) reduce the percentage of injury to the grain,

2) reduce the level of grain loss,

3) use the thresher of the combine in the hospital for threshing and cleaning of an inclement pile.

Claims (2)

1. Combine for harvesting crops with a standing crop, containing a header with a combing drum, auger, an unloading device with a fan, mounted on a combine thresher containing a threshing device, wind screening with two fans, blowing the shaking board and sieve from both sides, pitched board , elevator for transporting under-thinned ears, a grain collection hopper mounted on a caterpillar frame under a shaking board, a device for pressing the non-grain part of the crop, motorized installation, characterized in that the threshing device has a receiving hopper into which the combed bread mass is loaded from the header through an unloading device with a fan, while the threshing device is made in the form of two ribbed rollers rotating towards each other at different speeds. 2. The harvester for harvesting crops with a pile on the vine under item 1, characterized in that the ribbed rollers of the threshing device have a mechanism for adjusting the gap between them.

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