RU2793308C1 - Harvester for harvesting grain crops on the vine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: harvester for harvesting grain crops with stripping on the root contains a cutter with a shin for stripping and threshing crops on the root, mounted on a thrasher, a grain elevator, a tailings elevator, a grain bin mounted on the frame of the harvester with an unloading auger, a straw walker, a motor unit and chassis. The thrasher contains a thrashing drum with a deck, an inclined chamber with a grain heap conveyor, a shaking board. Under the shaking board there is a fan, an upper sieve, a lower sieve and a grain board, exit windows, and a finishing thrashing device. In front of the thrashing drum with a deck, three rotary-pin separator-accelerators of the heap are installed in series with their own rod-slat decks, which are located under them with an adjustable gap.

EFFECT: simplification of the harvester design, increase in the reliability of the production process of cleaning the non-winnowed heap, reduction of grain losses.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering and can be used in the construction of a harvester for harvesting grain crops in the standing.

Known harvester for harvesting grain crops on the vine according to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 1766310 AD1D 41/08 (published 07.10.92 Bull. No. 37), containing a combing device, a cutting device, a thresher. The disadvantages of this harvester are the unreasonably complex design of the combine thresher, the additional impact on the grain mass of the working bodies of the threshing machine already combed by the harvester, overloading the working surface of the floorboard shaker and small straw particles, which worsens the separation of grain and leads to its losses.

There is also known a harvester for harvesting grain crops with tow on the vine, taken as a prototype, according to the RF patent for the invention No. 2541655 class. A01D 41/08, 2015, containing a header with a fairing for stripping and threshing crops on the vine, mounted on a thresher, including a threshing drum with a deck, an inclined chamber with a grain heap conveyor, a shaker board, under which a fan is located, an upper sieve, bottom sieve and pitched board, exit window, grain elevator, return elevator, re-threshing device, straw walker grain bin, motor unit and additional fan.

The disadvantages of the prototype is that it has a complex structure: two feeder house conveyors, a complex device for pressing the chaff, which is not always used; the complete separation of grain without a breaker beater and a straw walker, which are available on serial combines, is questionable; the absence of a receiving beater in the technological scheme of the harvester will complicate the uniformity of the further supply of the heap.

In addition, the combed grain heap with this design of the combine is subjected to repeated threshing, which leads to grain crushing and, therefore, to additional indirect losses.

The technical result is a simplification of the design of the combine, an increase in the reliability of the technological process for cleaning the non-winnowed heap, and a reduction in grain losses.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a harvester for harvesting grain crops with tow on the vine, containing a harvester with a fairing for towing and threshing crops on the vine, mounted on a thresher, including a threshing drum with a deck, an inclined chamber with a grain heap conveyor, a shaker board, under in which there is a fan, an upper sieve, a lower sieve and a pitched board, exit windows, a rethreshing device, a grain elevator, a grain elevator, a grain bin mounted on a combine frame with an unloading auger, a straw walker, a motor unit and a running gear, according to the invention, in front of threshing drum with a deck, three rotary-pin separator-accelerators of the heap are installed in series with their own bar-slat decks, which are located under them with an adjustable gap.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are not found in other technical solutions in this area, which allows us to conclude that the proposed combine harvester for harvesting grain crops in the bud meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The essence of the invention is illustrated in the drawing, where the figure 1 shows a harvester for harvesting grain crops in the standing, side view.

The claimed harvester for harvesting grain crops in the standing, contains a harvester 1 with a fairing 2 for stripping and threshing crops in the standing, mounted on a threshing machine 3, including a threshing drum 4 with a deck 5, an inclined chamber 6 with a grain heap conveyor 7, a shaker board 8 , under which there is a fan 9, an upper sieve 10, a lower sieve 11 and a sloping board 12, exit windows 13, a return elevator 14, a hopper 15 for collecting grain mounted on a combine frame with an unloading auger 16, a rotary straw walker 17, a sloping board 18, motor unit 19 and undercarriage 20 of the combine. In front of the threshing drum 4 with deck 5, three rotary-pin separator-accelerators 21 of the heap are installed in series with their own bar-slat decks 22, which are installed under them with adjustable gaps. The grain elevator 23 is installed on the right side of the combine and transfers clean grain to the hopper 15.

The fairing 2 header housing, straps (not shown in figure 1) of the conveyor 7, the pin teeth of the successively installed accelerator separators 21 and the whips of the threshing drum 4 are made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

Harvester for harvesting grain crops on the vine works as follows. When the combine moves across a field with a grain array, the harvester 1 with a fairing 2, hung on the thresher 3 with the help of an inclined chamber 6, combs and threshes the ears of the harvested crop. The combed heap is fed by the conveyor 7 of the feeder house 6 to three sequentially installed rotary-pin separators-accelerators 21 of the thresher 3. They drag the heap into the gap between the outer surface of their body and the bar-slat decks 22, while the free grain is separated through the holes formed by the rods and slats in decks 22 on a shake board 8. Holes of decks 22 are made with the possibility of adjusting their width with dimensions 0-1/2-1 (i.e. closed, half open, fully open). This adjustment is carried out by rearranging the rods into the round holes of the transverse slats of the decks 22. Through these holes of the decks 22, up to 90% of the grain entering them from the pile is separated by three sequentially installed rotary-pin separators-accelerators 21 of the heap. This advantage of the proposed combine reduces grain injury and thus its indirect losses.

Further, the heap from deck 22 enters the gap between the threshing drum 4 and its deck 5. The whips of the drum 4, the pin teeth of three successively arranged separators-accelerators 21 and the conveyor slats 7 of the feeder chamber 6 are made of durable ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. The use of this material due to the low coefficient of friction, unlike the metal of the prototype, also reduces grain injury and thereby improves its quality. Deck 5, as well as deck 22, is made of bar-slat with the ability to adjust the width of the holes for separating grain on the shake board 8. The threshing drum 4 grinds grain from the ears and their fragments contained in the heap, and sends the threshed heap to the rotary straw walker 17.

Part of the grain heap, waking up through the holes of decks 5 and 22, enters the shaking board 8 and, thanks to its oscillatory movements, the grain tends to take the lower position, and the unthreshed spikelets - the upper one. Having reached the upper sieve 10, the grain heap is exposed to the action of the air flow of the 9 cleaning fan of the combine. Small impurities and chaff are blown out into the output windows of the 13th combine.

The grain falls through the upper sieve 10 and enters the surface of the lower sieve 11 for cleaning with a sloping board 12. Clean grain falls through the lower sieve 11 for cleaning and along the sloping board 12 enters the grain elevator 23 and further into the bin 15 to collect the cleaned grain mounted on the frame harvester.

The unthreshed ears leave the upper sieve 10 for cleaning and enter the grain elevator 14 for transporting them to a re-threshing device (not shown in figure 1), where the ears are re-threshed, and this heap is fed to the working surface of the shaking board 8 and then to the upper sieve 10 cleaning . Then the lower sieve 11 feeds the grain to the auger of the grain elevator 23 and further to the hopper 15. Clean grain from the filled hopper 15 is unloaded by the auger 16 into the vehicle.

Part of the grain released through the round holes of the rotary straw walker 17 under the action of centrifugal force falls on the sieve 10, and part - on the pitched board 18 and then on the sieve 10, and the straw, leaving the rotary straw walker 17, passes into the window 13, and then to ground or into a grinder.

The drive of the working bodies and the undercarriage of the combine is carried out from the motor unit 19.

The use of the proposed harvester for harvesting grain crops in the bud will allow:

1) to increase the reliability of the technological process through the use of triple pre-separation of at least 90% of the grain by sequentially installed rotary-pin heap separators;

2) to reduce the level of grain losses due to adjustable holes in the decks of successively installed rotary-pin separators of the heap and the deck of the threshing drum, as well as to improve the mode of cleaning the combine due to the preliminary separation of grain before the threshing drum;

3) Improve harvester performance by improving reliability and better cleaning performance.

Claims (1)

Harvester for harvesting grain crops with noiling in the standing, containing a header with a fairing for noiling and threshing crops in the standing, mounted on a thresher, including a threshing drum with a deck, an inclined chamber with a grain heap conveyor, a shaker board, under which a fan is located, an upper sieve, lower sieve and pitched board, outlet windows, re-threshing device, grain elevator, return elevator, grain hopper mounted on the frame of the combine with an unloading auger, straw walker, motor unit and chassis, characterized in that in front of the threshing drum with a deck are installed in series three rotary-pin heap accelerators with their own bar-slat decks, which are located under them with an adjustable gap.

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