RU2556071C2 - Method of combine harvesting of growing corn thrashing, and combine harvester with trailer for gathering non-corn part of comb pile - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to agriculture and can be used in harvesting machines. Comb cutter 1 of the combine harvester separates corns and heads from culms. The obtained pile is supplied to combine thrashing-mill by the inclined conveyor 3 with free corn separation from this pile prior to the thrashing-mill. Free corn from the pile is separated at grids of the receiving beater 4, separating drum 5 and intermediate beater 8, then is cleaned at the additional sieve 24 provided in the middle part of the transportation plate 15. The rest part of the pile is thrashed by the second thrashing drum 10 with corn separation at concave 11 and grid 13 of the separating beater 12. The corn is cleaned at top 16 and bottom 17 sieves. The cleaned corn is transported by the corn elevator 21 to silo 20. Non-corn part of the comb pile is gathered by the suction blast fan 30, provided downstream the elongator of the top sieve, and is loaded by pipeline 31 to the trailer 33. At that in both sides of the thrashing-mill casing the adjustable shutters 32 are provided.

EFFECT: group of inventions reduces power consumption during harvesting and need in transportation vehicles during harvesting period.

6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in grain harvesting equipment.

A known method of harvesting grain and other crops by towing and collecting heaped heaps in a trailer truck, with its subsequent refinement at a stationary point. A harvesting machine for implementing this method includes a stripping device, a scraper conveyor, a pneumatic conveyor, and a trailer truck [Ukrainian Patent 53968A. Much harvester. / Pogorily L.V., Koval S.M., Ivanenko I.M., Sisolin P.V., Moroz M.M., Sisolin I.P. Publ. 2003, Bull. No. 2]. Refinement of the heaped pile at a stationary point is carried out on the lines of free grain allocation and preparation of feed briquettes. The free grain extraction line consists of a receiving hopper with feeding and dosing conveyors, a vibratory tray with an eccentric drive, two cylindrical sieves with cleaning brushes and a grain auger.

The disadvantage of this analogue method is the great need for the harvesting period in vehicles and motorized drivers for transportation from the field to a stationary point for finalizing the combed heap with a small specific bulk density (0.2-0.3 t / m ³ ), as well as a complex technological process of completion at a stationary point.

The disadvantage of the analog device is the large number of machines and equipment at the stationary point for finalizing the combed heap, which has low flowability. Hence the significant material consumption and high capital costs.

There is also known a method of harvesting these crops by combing the grain with a modernized combine in an aggregate with a combing header (prototype method and an analog device) [RF Patent for invention No. 2402192 “Method for harvesting crops with threshing in the root and a combine with a combing header”. Publ. 10/27/2010, Bull. No. 30].

The disadvantage of these methods of harvesting is that the non-cereal part of the combed heap is not collected and is not used for food, but is scattered across the field, which is additionally clogged with weed seeds, combed with grain. For the destruction of weeds germinated from them, additional costs are required for mechanical or herbicidal treatment of the fields.

There is a universal device adopted for the prototype device for harvesting the non-cereal part of the crop [Yu.A. Sands. Combine harvesters "Don". / Yu.A. Peskov, I.K. Meshcheryakov, Yu.N. Yarmashev et al. // M., Agropromizdat, 1986.- 333 pp., Ill. - (Textbooks and study guides for the preparation of agricultural and mass professions)]. The device is hung on a combine instead of a stacker. It can operate in four technological options:

- collection of the entire non-cereal part of the crop with chopping straw into a trailer truck;

- collecting floor in the trailer truck and laying straw in a roll on the field;

- picking up the floor in the trailer truck and scattering of chopped straw across the field;

- scattering of the entire non-cereal part of the crop across the field.

The disadvantage of this device, taken as a prototype device, is the structural complexity due to the large number of components and parts, as well as significant material consumption and power consumption. The power taken from the engine of the harvester when working according to the first option according to the technical characteristics of the device is 22-26 kW [Catalog: agricultural machinery. The sixth edition is revised and supplemented. / Volume 1, parts 1-11. M., Informgrotech, 1991, p. 270-271]. The indicated disadvantages of the prototype device are due to the necessity of collecting and transporting two different fractions into the trailer container: a long-straw mass coming off the straw walker, and a floor with a hole discharged from the upper sieve of the cleaning system. In this case, the long-straw mass should be subjected to grinding.

The first task of the claimed group of inventions, arising from a single inventive concept, is to reduce the need for vehicles during the harvesting season for collecting and transporting the non-grain part of the combed heap.

The second task of the group of inventions, also arising from a single inventive concept, is to simplify the design of the cleaning unit, to reduce its material consumption and energy consumption.

The first task in the claimed group of inventions is solved by the fact that the method of harvesting grain and other crops, as well as its prototype, includes separating grains and ears from the stalks with a combing header, feeding the combed heap to the combine thresher, where heap is chopped, cleaning and feeding grain into the hopper combine harvester. Collection of the non-cereal part of the heaped pile is carried out in the trailer-truck using a fan-thrower. Then the non-cereal part of the crop is stored in the harvesting period on the field, mainly on its edge. They are transported to places of use after the end of the entire field harvesting cycle. Moreover, in order to reduce the volume of the non-grain portion to reduce transportation costs, it is pressed into bales or rolls on the field, mainly on its edge. Moreover, in the case of high humidity of the non-cereal part (more than 22%), pressing is carried out with the addition of preservatives, for example, alkaline solutions [Catalog: agricultural machinery. Sixth edition, revised and supplemented. / Volume 1, part 1-11. // M., Informgrotech, 1991, p. 328].

The second problem in the claimed device is solved in that the straw part of the combed heap, after leaving the straw walker, and the floor, after leaving the extension of the upper sieve of the cleaning system, are sucked in by air flow into the throwing fan installed behind the extension of the upper sieve and transported by pipeline to trailer truck. The air flow enters the fan-thrower through the inclined chamber and the threshing drum from the cleaning fan, and additionally through adjustable louvered windows in the sides of the thresher body.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing.

In FIG. shows the general technological scheme of the inventive combine with a combing header and thresher according to patent No. 2402192, additionally equipped with a fan-thrower, a pipeline and a trailer-cart, an example.

In FIG. The following position designations are accepted:

1 - stripping header; 2 - air separation channel; 3 - inclined conveyor; 4 - receiving beater with sieve; 5 - separating drum; 6 - elastic scrapers of the separating drum; 7 - sieve separating drum (concave); 8 - intermediate beater; 9 - sieve of an intermediate beater; 10 - threshing drum; 11 - concave threshing drum; 12 - breaker beater; 13 - lattice of a bumper beater; 14 - a straw walker; 15 - transport (shaky) board; 16 - upper sieve with an extension; 17 - lower sieve; 18 - fan; 19 - the main grain auger with elevator; 20 - grain hopper; 21 - grain elevator; 22 - spike auger; 23 - spike conveyor with a pounding device; 24 - additional sieve; 25 - air duct for venting air from the fan; 26 - section of air exhaust on the fan casing; 27 - additional flexible auger elevator; 28 - hydraulic motor; 29 - unloading auger; 30 - suction fan-thrower; 31 - pipeline; 32 - louver window; 33 - trailer truck.

The combine harvester, which includes a running gear, a cabin, an engine, an inclined chamber, a one- or two-drum threshing and separating device and cleaning mounted on the frame, has a device for collecting the most productive part of the crop, mainly in the form of a combing header with an air separation channel and an inclined conveyor, and also a suction fan-thrower with a pipeline.

The threshing-separating device includes a receiving beater 4 with a grill, a separating (first) drum 5 with elastic scrapers 6 fixed to it, its grill (concave) 7, an intermediate beater 8, under which there is a grill 9. Next is a threshing (second) drum 10 with concave 11. Behind the second threshing drum 10, a bumper beater 12 with a grill 13 is installed, and behind them is a straw walker 14.

The separator device of the harvester includes a transport board 15, an upper sieve 16 with an extension, a lower sieve 17 and a fan 18. Under the initial section of the lower sieve 17 there is a grain auger 19 connected to the hopper 20 with a grain elevator 21. Under the final section of the lower sieve 17 there is a spike auger 22 associated with the pounding device elevator 23.

An additional sieve 24 is provided in the middle part of the transport board 15. An air duct 25 is installed under this sieve, connecting the lower part of the additional sieve 24 to the air exhaust section 26, which is made in front of the wall of the fan casing 18. For feeding grain sifted through the hopper 20 additional sieve 24, a flexible screw elevator 27 is provided, driven by a hydraulic motor 28. The hopper 20 has an unloading screw 29.

Moreover, in the rear part of the threshing-separating device behind the extension of the upper sieve 16, a suction fan-thrower 30 with a pipe 31 is installed. Adjustable louvre windows 32 are provided in the sides of the threshing case. A truck-trailer 33 with a tipper body follows the combine. The non-cereal part of the crop, after leaving the straw walker 14 and from the extension of the upper sieve 16, is sucked in by the air flow entering the thresher through the inclined conveyor 3, from the fan 18, and also through the adjustable louvre windows 32 located on both sides of the thresher case by a fan-thrower 30 and is transported through a pipe 31 to a trailer truck 33. The blinds on the windows 32 are adjusted so that the air velocity through the combine sieve is optimal for efficient cleaning and light impurities from grain without entrainment of its fan-in shvyryalku 30.

The claimed method of harvesting by threshing grain on the vine is as follows. The technological process of the harvester with the comb header also includes the operations of collecting the non-grain part of the combed heap after it leaves the straw walker 14 and from the extension of the upper sieve 16 by the air flow, the suction fan-thrower 30, installed behind the extension of the upper sieve, and its pneumatic transportation via pipeline 31 to the trailer -cart 33. The non-grain part of the heaped pile collected in the trailer 33 is unloaded on the field, mainly on its edge, as it is filled.

Subsequently, mainly in the post-harvest period, the non-cereal part of the combed heap is delivered to the places of use. To reduce transport costs, the non-cereal part is pressed into bales or rolls on the field. Pressing the non-cereal part of the combed heap into bales or rolls, in case of high humidity (more than 22%), is carried out with the addition of preservatives, for example, alkaline solutions [Catalog: agricultural machinery. Sixth edition, revised and supplemented. / Volume 1, part 1-11. // M., Informgrotech, 1991, p. 328].

Claims (6)

1. A method of harvesting crops, including the separation of grains and ears from the stalks with a combing header, feeding the heaped heap to the combine thresher, separating grain on the sieves of the combine, transporting grain to the hopper, and the non-grain part of the heaped heap, after it leaves the straw walker and from the top extension sieves, collected by the air flow created by the suction fan-thrower installed behind the extension of the upper sieve, and transported through the pipeline to the trailer truck. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the non-cereal part of the combed heap from the trailer-cart is unloaded on the field, mainly on its edge. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the non-cereal part of the combed heap is pressed into bales or rolls on the field. 4. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that the wet non-cereal part of the combed heap is pressed into bales or rolls with preservatives. 5. Combine harvester with comb header, including chassis, cab, engine, hopper, inclined chamber, one- or two-drum thresher with receiving, intermediate and jack-off beaters with grills, straw walker, shaking board, screen cleaner with fan, characterized in that a suction fan-thrower with a pipeline is installed behind the extension of the upper sieve, and adjustable louvre windows are provided in the sides of the threshing case. 6. The harvester according to claim 5, characterized in that it is followed by a trailer-truck with a tipper body.