RU2402192C1 - Method of grain crop harvesting with standing crop threshing and combine with stripping cutter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to agricultural machine building and may be used in grain crop harvesting equipment. Stripping cutter of combine harvester is used to separate grain and ears from stems. Produced heap is sent to combine thresher by inclined conveyor to release free grain from this heap upstream thresher. Free grain from heap is separated on grates of receiving beater, separating drum and intermediate beater, afterwards cleaned on an additional sieve provided in the middle part of transition grate. Remaining part of heap is threshed by threshing drum to separate grain on concave and grate of stripper beater. Grain is cleaned on upper and lower sieves. Cleaned grain is transported by grain elevator into hopper.

EFFECT: inventions make it possible to increase efficiency of harvesting combines through better release of free grain from heap prior to its threshing and improved quality of separate cleaning of free grain released from heap.

7 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in grain harvesting equipment.

There is a method of harvesting grain and other crops with a combine [Attachment combining grain harvesting equipment "OZON-6" Listing of OJSC "PENZMASH"]. It includes the separation of grains and ears from the stalks with a combing header, feeding the heaped heap to the combine thresher, threshing all this heap with the release of grain from it, cleaning the grain and transporting it to the hopper.

The named method is carried out by a combine harvester (the same source of information). This harvester has a device for collecting the productive part of the crop, made in the form of a combing header, an inclined conveyor, first and second threshing drums with concave, an intermediate and ancillary beaters, a shaking (transport) board, sieves and a cleaning fan, a grain elevator and a grain silo.

The disadvantage of these analogues: method and combine harvester is increased grain injury. It is due to the fact that the whole combed (received) heap containing, depending on harvesting conditions, from 60 to 80% of the free grain allocated by the combing header is sent to the first threshing drum for threshing. In this case, the bulk of the free grains of the heap, not having time to pass through the first concave, is exposed to pests of threshing drums, which leads to increased grain injury.

A known method of harvesting grain and other crops with a combine [Shabanov P.A. and Shabanov N.P. Threshing in the vine is a further development of the two-phase method of threshing grain. Zh: “Achievements of science and technology of the agro-industrial complex”. - 2006, - No. 8, p. 9, fig. 2]. The method includes separating the grains and ears from the stalks with a combing header, feeding the resulting heap to the combine thresher, free grain during transportation of the heap from the header to the combine thresher, threshing the remaining part of the heap with the grain being separated from it, cleaning the grain and transporting it to the hopper.

This method allows you to partially allocate free grain from the heap before the impact of the threshing apparatus, which reduces the drawback noted earlier. The disadvantage of this analogue method is that a significant part of the free grain remains in the heap and is injured when thrashing. In addition, the cleaning of free grain extracted from the heap before threshing, and grain isolated by the threshing apparatus, is carried out jointly on the cleaning device of the thresher, which is then overloaded and limits the increase in productivity of the combine.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the claimed method is a method of harvesting grain and other crops with a combine harvester, including separating grains and ears from the stalks with a combing header, feeding the heap obtained into the combine thresher, free grain from this heap carried out on special sieve drums, threshing the remaining part heap with the allocation of grain from it, cleaning and transportation of grain to the hopper [Shabanov P.A. and Shabanov N.P. Threshing in the vine is a further development of the two-phase method of threshing grain. Zh: “Achievements of science and technology of the agro-industrial complex”. - 2006, - No. 8, p. 9, Fig. 3].

Known combine harvester, which carry out the prototype method (the same source of information). This combine includes a device for collecting the productive part of the crop, made in the form of a combing header, an inclined conveyor, a pick-up beater, a separator for separating free grain from a heap, a threshing drum with a concave, a pick-up beater with a grill, a transport board, cleaning with a fan and sieves located behind the transport board, grain elevator and grain silo. The separator for separating free grain from the heap has two sieve drums and a brush between them.

The prototype method and the analogue harvester allow more complete isolation of free grain from the heap before the impact of the threshing apparatus, which reduces grain injury. However, they retain the drawback noted in the previous analogue method. This disadvantage is due to the fact that the cleaning of free grain extracted from the heap before threshing, and grain isolated by the threshing apparatus, is carried out jointly on the cleaning device of the thresher, which is then overloaded and limits the increase in productivity of the combine.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the declared combine is the combine "Rus" [RU 2070373 C1, 1996.12.20]. The prototype combine harvester contains a device for collecting the productive part of the crop, in particular a conventional (cutting) header, inclined conveyor, a first drum with a concave, an intermediate beater with a grate, a second drum with a concave, a breaker beater with a grate, a transport board, main cleaning sieves, cleaning fan, main grain elevator, grain bin, additional sieve and elevator for feeding grain from this sieve.

The prototype harvester has the following disadvantages. Firstly, when a productive part of a crop containing a large amount of free grain arrives in its thresher, for example, when harvesting with an ordinary header at a high cut, and even more so with a combing header, the free grain, not having time to go through the concave, is exposed to a threshing drum, as a result of which it is injured. Secondly, the separate cleaning of the grain allocated on the first concave is carried out by an additional sieve without preliminary separation of the grain material entering it, which reduces the quality of cleaning.

The objective of the claimed group of inventions, arising from a single inventive concept, is to increase the performance of the combine by providing a technical result - increasing the completeness of free grain separation from the heap to threshing it and improving the quality of separate cleaning of free grain extracted from the heap.

This problem in the first invention is solved in that the method of harvesting grain and other crops, as well as its prototype, includes separating grains and ears from the stalks with a combing header, feeding the resulting heap into the thresher of the combine, separating free grain from this heap, threshing the remaining part of the heap with separation of grain from it, cleaning and transportation of grain to the hopper. Unlike the prototype, in the inventive method, free grain from the heap is isolated on the grids of the receiving beater, separating drum and intermediate beater. After that, this grain is cleaned on an additional sieve provided in the middle part of the transport board.

The aforementioned three-stage separation of the heap on the grates of the beaters and the separating drum increases the completeness of free grain separation from the heap to its threshing. A preliminary separation of the selected free grain, carried out on the front of the transport board, improves the quality of its separate cleaning on an additional sieve, unloading the main cleaning of the thresher. In other words, the above new set of common essential features of the claimed method in all cases of its implementation allows to achieve the technical result specified in the task of inventions.

In addition, in special cases of the method, an additional sieve is blown through the air stream. This allows you to better cleanse the grain extracted from the heap before threshing, that is, enhances the technical result specified in the task of inventions.

In the second invention, the aforementioned problem is solved in that the declared combine harvester, as well as its prototype, includes a device for collecting the productive part of the crop, mainly in the form of a harvesting header, an inclined conveyor, a first drum with a concave, an intermediate beater with a grill, a second drum with a concave , bumper beater with grill, transport board, main cleaning sieves, cleaning fan, main grain elevator, grain silo, additional sieve and elevator for feeding grain from this silo ta. In contrast to the prototype, before separating the first drum, a separating grill is installed, and a receiving beater is provided above it. The first drum with concave is made in the form of a device for separating free grain from a heap. An additional sieve is located in the middle of the transport board.

The aforementioned new set of common essential features of the inventive combine, that is, the second invention, in all cases of its implementation allows the method according to the first invention, which, as noted above, always ensures the achievement of the technical result indicated in the task of inventions.

In addition, in special cases, the implementation of the combine in it under an additional sieve installed duct connected to the section of the exhaust air, made in front of the casing of the cleaning fan. This allows you to direct part of the air flow from the fan to an additional sieve and blow it, which is provided for by the claimed method in particular cases of its implementation. This further improves the quality of grain cleaning on this sieve, that is, enhances the technical result indicated in the task of inventions.

In addition, the first drum is equipped with elastic scrapers, and at its concave the upper parts of the rods forming the separating grid are located at or above the upper edges of the transverse bars. A drum equipped with elastic scrapers less injures the grain. The location of the upper part of the rods at or above the upper edges of the strips reduces the likelihood of grain impact on the transverse strips, in addition to this, elastic scrapers, freely sliding along the separating surface, increase the grain passage through it.

In addition, at least the receiving and intermediate beaters have elastic scrapers. This allows you to reduce trauma to the grain.

In addition, the concave of the first drum and the separating lattices installed under the receiving, intermediate and bumpers are removable for harvesting crops with significantly different sizes of their grains or seeds. In justified cases, it is rational, for example, to improve the quality of grain cleaning on subsequent sieves.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In Fig.1 shows a process diagram of the inventive harvester with stripping header, example; figure 2 is a diagram of a threshing-separating device, a fragment of figure 1; figure 3 - separating lattice of the first (separating) drum, an example; figure 4 shows a cross section of the separating lattice of the first drum, a fragment; figure 5 - concave threshing drum (serial).

In the drawings, the following position designations are adopted:

1 - stripping header; 2 - inclined conveyor; 3 - receiving beater; 4 - lattice receiving beater; 5 - separating drum; 6 - elastic scrapers of the separating drum; 7 - lattice separating drum; 8 - longitudinal rods of the separating drum grate; 9 - transverse bars of the grating of the separating drum; 10 - intermediate beater; 11 - grating intermediate beater; 12 - threshing drum; 13 - concave threshing drum; 14 - breaker beater; 15 - lattice of a breaker beater; 16 - a straw walker; 17 - transport (shaking) board, 18 - upper sieve with an extension; 19 - lower sieve; 20 - fan; 21 - the main grain auger; 22 - grain hopper; 23 - grain elevator; 24 - spike auger; 25 - spike elevator with a pounding device; 26 - additional sieve; 27 - duct; 28 - section of air exhaust on the fan casing; 29 - additional auger elevator; 30 - hydraulic motor; 31 - unloading auger.

The combine harvester has a device for collecting the productive part of the crop, mainly in the form of a combing header 1 (Fig. 1), an inclined conveyor 2 and a thresher. It includes a receiving beater 3 (FIG. 2), equipped with elastic scrapers and a grill 4 below it, a separating (first) drum 5 with elastic scrapers 6 fixed to it, its grill (concave) 7. The grill 4 of the receiving beater 3 is installed in front of the grill 7 The grill 7 and the drum 5 are made in the form of a main device for separating free grain from a heap. Therefore, the lattice 7 (Fig.2-4) having longitudinal rods 8 and transverse bars 9 (Figs. 3, 4), the upper parts of the rods 8 forming its separating surface are located at or above the upper edges of the transverse bars 9. For the separating drum 5 has an intermediate beater 10 (Fig. 1, 2), under which there is a grill 11. Next is a threshing (second) drum 12 with concave 13. The designs of the threshing drum 12 and concave 13 are similar to serial ones (Figs. 2, 5 ) Behind the threshing drum 12, a baffle beater 14 with its grill 15 is installed, and behind them is a straw walker 16 (Figs. 1, 2).

The receiving 3, intermediate 10 and fender 14 beaters have, as noted above, elastic scrapers. The lattice 7 of the separating drum 5 and the separating lattices 4, 11 and 15 of the mentioned beaters 3, 10 and 14 are made removable for harvesting crops with significantly different sizes of their grains or seeds.

The combine threshing machine has a cleaning that includes a transport board 17 (FIG. 2), an upper sieve 18 with an extension, a lower sieve 19 and a fan 20. Under the initial section of the lower sieve 19 there is a grain auger 21 connected to the hopper 22 with a grain elevator 23 (FIG. 1 ) Under the final section of the lower sieve 19, there is an ear screw 24 connected to the elevator elevator 25.

In the middle part of the transport board 17 provides an additional sieve 26 (figure 1, 2). Under this sieve, an air duct 27 is installed that connects the lower part of the additional sieve 26 to the air exhaust section 28, which is made in the front of the wall of the fan casing 20. A corresponding screw elevator 29 is provided for feeding grain from the additional sieve 26 with a hydraulic motor drive 30. The hopper 22 has a discharge screw 31.

When the combine harvester, the claimed method of harvesting is as follows. The cleaning header 1 (Fig. 1) separates the grains and ears from the stems of the harvested crop. The resulting heap is fed into the thresher of the combine with an inclined conveyor 2 (Fig. 1, 2). In the thresher, the receiving beater 3 directs the heap to the grate 4 of this beater. When moving the heap on the lattice 4, the free grain contained in it and small impurities wake up through its openings and enter the initial part of the transport board 17. The remaining heap under the influence of elastic scrapers of the receiving beater 3 moves to the separating drum 5 of the device for separating the main part of the free grain from the heap .

With elastic scrapers 6 of the drum 5, the heap moves along the separating grid 7 of the said device, while further free grain is extracted from the heap. Free grain and small components of the heap, sifted through holes (gaps) between the rods 8 of the separating lattice 7 (Fig.2-4), arrive on the transport board 17 and partially on the additional sieve 26 made in its middle part (Fig.1, 2 )

From the lattice 7 of the separating drum 5, a heap, from which the bulk of the free grain is extracted, falls onto the intermediate beater 10. Under the influence of the elastic scrapers of the beater 10, the heap moves along its lattice 11 (Fig. 2). In this case, the remaining free grain is released through the grill 11, and the heap containing unfrozen ears is fed into the gap formed by the threshing drum 12 and its concave 13. The threshing drum 12 is threshed of the remaining part of the heap and the threshed grain is extracted through the concave 13. The remaining heap mass is chipped a beater 14 with elastic scrapers is fed to its lattice 15 and then to the straw walker 16, where the final separation from the straw part of the ground grain and the remaining under-threshed siev with grains.

The grain mixture with fine impurities isolated before threshing on the gratings of the receiving beater 4, the separating drum 7 and the intermediate beater 11 is subjected to delamination on an oscillating transport board 17. In this case, the bulk of the grain moves to the lower layer, and light and large impurities in the form of chaff and threshed ears - to the top, which significantly improves the quality of cleaning with an additional sieve 26 of free grain extracted from the heap, before threshing it. An additional improvement in the quality of cleaning this grain is provided by blowing the sieve 26 by the air flow entering the duct 27 from the fan 20 through the outlet 28 in its casing. Under the influence of vibrations and air flow, the grain on the sieve 26 is effectively separated from the non-grain part, additionally being cleaned in the duct 27, enters the screw elevator 29 and is transported by it to the hopper 22.

The grain released through the concave 13 of the threshing drum 12 and the working surfaces with the button of the straw walker 16 (Fig. 2) falls on the final section of the transport board 17. Here it is mixed with a heap coming off the additional sieve 26, partially delaminated and fed to the upper sieve 18 main cleaning of the combine, the sieves 18 and 19 of which are blown by the air stream from the fan 20. Grains and part of small ears highlighted by the passage through the upper sieve 18 fall on the lower sieve 19. Grains passing into the holes of the lower sieve 19 (Fig.1, 2) along the bottom of the sieve mill, they enter the grain auger 21 and are transported by the elevator 23 to the hopper 22. From the hopper 22, as it is filled, the grain is unloaded by the screw 31 into the appropriate vehicle.

Under-thinned ears that did not wake up through the upper sieve 18 (Fig. 2) pass down through the holes of the extension of this sieve, where, combined with the ears coming down from the lower sieve 19, they enter the spike auger 24, and from it the spike elevator 25 (Fig. .1) are routed to the home treatment device. The products of ground heap are fed to the transport board 17 for re-separation. The remaining impurities of the heap under the influence of air flow from the fan 20 from the extension of the upper sieve 18 are taken out of the cleaning zone and dumped into the field.

So, the claimed method of harvesting crops is carried out during the operation of the proposed combine. EFFECT: inventions increase the productivity of a combine harvester with a combing header by increasing the completeness of free grain separation from the heap before threshing it and improving the quality of separate cleaning of free grain extracted from the heap, that is, by achieving the technical result indicated in the task of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method of harvesting grain and other crops with a combine, including separating grains and ears from the stalks with a combing header, feeding the resulting heap to the thresher of the combine, isolating free grain from this heap, threshing the remaining part of the heap with grain from it, cleaning and transporting grain to the hopper moreover, free grain from the heap is isolated on the grids of the receiving beater, separating drum and intermediate beater, and then cleaned on an additional sieve provided in the middle part of the transport board. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional sieve is blown through the air stream. 3. Combine harvester, including a device for collecting the productive part of the crop, mainly in the form of a harvesting header, an inclined conveyor, a first drum with a concave, an intermediate beater with a grate, a second drum with a concave, a bumper beater with a grate, a transport board, the main cleaning sieve, a fan cleaning, the main grain elevator, grain hopper, additional sieve and elevator for feeding grain from this sieve into the hopper, and before the concave of the first drum a separating grate is installed, and a receiving beater is provided for it, while the first drum with a concave is made in the form of a device for separating free grain from a heap, and an additional sieve is located in the middle of the transport board. 4. The harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that under the additional sieve is installed an air duct connected to the air exhaust section made in front of the casing of the cleaning fan. 5. The harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that the first drum is equipped with elastic scrapers, and at its concave the upper parts of the rods forming the separating grid are located at or above the upper edges of the transverse bars. 6. The harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that at least the receiving and intermediate beaters have elastic scrapers. 7. The harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that the concave of the first drum and the separating grates installed under the receiving, intermediate and bumpers are removable for harvesting crops with substantially different sizes of their grains or seeds.

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