RU2792120C2 - Combine harvester for harvesting grain crops standing by combing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. A combine harvester for harvesting grain crops standing by combing contains a header with a fairing for combing and threshing crops standing, hung on a threshing machine, including a threshing drum with a rod-slatted deck, an inclined chamber with a grain pile conveyor and a shaker board. A fan, an upper sieve, a lower sieve and a pitched board, an exit window, a grain elevator, and a tailings elevator are located under the shaking board. In front of the threshing drum with a rod-slatted deck, a rotary-pin receiving beater with its own rod-slatted deck is installed, which is located under the receiving beater with an adjustable gap. An additional fan is placed under the keyboard straw separator. The combine harvester for harvesting grain crops standing by combing also contains a thresh finishing device, a grain collection hopper mounted on the frame of the combine with an unloading auger, a rear beater, a keyboard straw separator and a motor unit. The thresh finishing device is made in the form of a three-bladed drum, the blades of which are made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. The header body fairing is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

EFFECT: simplification of the combine design, improvement of the reliability of the technological process of cleaning, reduction of grain losses is provided.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering and can be used in the construction of a harvester for harvesting grain crops in the standing.

Known harvester for harvesting grain crops on the vine according to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 1766310 AD1D 41/08 published 07.10.92 Bull. No. 37, containing a stripping device, a cutting device, a thresher. The disadvantages of this harvester are the unreasonably complex design of the combine thresher, the additional impact on the grain mass of the thresher working bodies that have already been combed by the harvester, the overload of the working surface of the floorboard shaker and small straw particles, which worsens the separation of grain and leads to its losses.

There is also known a harvester for harvesting grain crops with tow on the vine, taken as a prototype, according to the RF patent for the invention No. 2541655 class. A01D 41/08, 2015, containing a header with a fairing for stripping and threshing crops on the vine, mounted on a thresher, including a threshing drum with a bar-slatted deck, an inclined chamber with a grain heap conveyor, a shaker board, under which a fan is located, upper sieve, lower sieve and pitched board, exit window, grain elevator, return elevator, re-threshing device, grain hopper mounted on the frame of the combine with an unloading auger, breaker beater, straw walker, motor unit and additional fan.

The disadvantages of the prototype is that it has a complex structure: two feeder house conveyors, a complex device for pressing the chaff, which is not always used; the complete separation of grain without a breaker beater and a key separator, which are available on serial combines, is questionable; the absence of a receiving beater in the technological scheme of the harvester makes it difficult to uniformly further feed the heap.

The technical result is a simplification of the design of the combine, increasing the reliability of the cleaning process, reducing grain losses.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a harvester for harvesting grain crops with noiling in the standing, containing a harvester with a fairing for noiling and threshing crops in the standing, mounted on a thresher, including a threshing drum with a bar-slatted deck, an inclined chamber with a grain heap conveyor, a shaker a board under which there is a fan, an upper sieve, a lower sieve and a pitched board, an exit window, a grain elevator, a return elevator, a rethreshing device, a grain hopper mounted on the frame of a combine with an unloading auger, a breaker beater, a keyboard straw walker, a motor installation and an additional fan, according to the invention, in front of the threshing drum with a bar-slatted deck, a rotary-pin receiving beater with its own bar-slatted deck is installed, which is located under the receiving beater with an adjustable gap, while an additional fan is located under the straw walker, and the re-threshing device It is made in the form of a three-bladed drum, the blades of which and the fairing of the header body are made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype, in other technical solutions in this area have not been identified, which allows us to conclude that the proposed combine harvester for harvesting grain crops in the bud meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The essence of the invention is illustrated in the drawing, where the figure shows a harvester for harvesting grain crops with tow on the vine, side view.

The claimed Harvester for harvesting grain crops in the standing, contains a header 1 with a fairing (not shown in Fig. 1) for stripping and threshing crops in the standing, mounted on a thresher 2, including a threshing drum 3 with a bar-slat deck 4, an inclined chamber 5 with a conveyor 6 of a grain heap, a shaker board 7, under which there is a fan 8, an upper sieve 9, a lower sieve 10 and a pitched board 11, an exit window 12, a return elevator 13, a re-threshing device 14, a hopper 15 for collecting grain mounted on the combine frame with an unloading auger 16, a breaker beater 17, a straw walker 18, a motor unit 19 and an additional fan 20. In front of the threshing drum 3 with a bar-slat deck 4, a rotary-pin receiving beater 21 is installed with its own bar-slat deck 22, which is installed under the receiving beater 21 with adjustable clearance. The grain elevator 23 is installed between the hopper 15 and the threshing drum 3. At the same time, an additional fan 20 is installed under the straw walker 18, and the rethreshing device 14 is made in the form of a three-blade drum, the blades of which and the fairing of the header body are made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. Planks (not shown in Fig. 1) of the conveyor 6, pin teeth (not shown in Fig. 1) of the receiving beater 21 and whips (not shown in Fig. 1) of the threshing drum 3 are also made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

Harvester for harvesting grain crops on the vine works as follows. When the combine moves across a field with a grain array, the header 1, mounted on the thresher 2 with the help of an inclined chamber 5, combs and threshes the ears of the harvested crop. Deck 4, as well as deck 22, is made of rod-slat with the possibility of adjusting the width of the holes for separating grain on the shake board 7. The combed heap is fed by the conveyor 6 of the feeder chamber 5 to the rotary-pin receiving beater 21 of the thresher 2. Which pulls the heap into the gap between it and bar-slatted deck 22, while the free grain is separated through the holes formed by the bars and slats in the deck 22 onto the shake board 7. The holes of the deck 22 are made with the possibility of adjusting their width with dimensions 0-1/2-1 (i.e. closed, half open, fully open). This adjustment is carried out by rearranging the rods into the round holes of the transverse bars of the deck 22. Through these holes of the deck 22, up to 30% of the grain entering it from the heap is separated. This advantage of the proposed combine reduces grain injury and thus its indirect losses.

Further, the heap from the deck 22 enters the gap between the threshing drum 3 and its deck 4. The whips of the drum 3, the pin teeth of the receiving beater 21 and the conveyor slats 6 of the feeder chamber 5 are made of durable ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. The use of this material due to the low coefficient of friction, in contrast to the metal as in the prototype, also reduces grain injury and thereby improves its quality. The threshing drum 3 threshes grain from the ears and their fragments contained in the heap, and sends the threshed heap to the 17 beater, which reduces the heap flow after drum 3, directs the heap to the beginning of the 18 straw walker. and the chaff did not fall on the upper 9 and lower 10 of the cleaning sieve and did not worsen the separation of grain, an additional fan 20 was installed, which creates an air flow to carry the chaff and straw particles into the outlet window 12 of the thresher 2 on the field.

Part of the grain pile, waking up through the holes of decks 4 and 22, enters the shaking board 7 and, thanks to its oscillatory movements, the grain tends to take the desired position, and the unthreshed spikelets top. Having reached the upper sieve 9, the grain heap is exposed to the action of the air flow of the 20 cleaning fan of the combine. Rare impurities and chaff are blown into the output window 12 of the combine.

Grain and unthreshed ears fall through the upper sieve 9 and enter the surface of the lower sieve 10 for cleaning with a sloping board 11. Clean grain falls through the lower sieve 10 for cleaning and along the sloping board 11 enters the grain elevator 23 and further into the bin 15 to collect refined grain, mounted on the frame of the combine.

The unthreshed ears leave the lower cleaning sieve 10 and enter the return elevator 13 for transporting them to the threshing device 14, where the ears are finished threshing and this heap is fed to the working surface of the shaking board 7 and then to the upper cleaning sieve 9, then the lower 10 falls on the pitched board 11, into the grain elevator 23 and the hopper 15. Clean grain from the filled hopper 15 is unloaded by the auger 16 into the vehicle.

The drive of the working bodies and the undercarriage of the combine is carried out from the motor unit 19.

The use of the proposed harvester for harvesting grain crops in the bud will allow:

1) To increase the reliability of the technological process through the use of a rotary-pin receiving beater;

2) to reduce the level of grain losses due to adjustable openings in the decks of the receiving beater and the threshing drum, as well as to improve the cleaning mode of the combine due to the removal of chaff and small particles of straw by an additional fan mounted under the straw walker keys;

3) reduce grain injury due to its preliminary separation by the bar-slatted deck of the receiving beater before threshing;

4) Improve harvester performance by improving reliability and better cleaning performance.

Claims (1)

Harvester for harvesting grain crops in the standing, containing a header with a fairing for stripping and threshing crops in the standing, mounted on a thresher, including a threshing drum with a bar-slatted deck, an inclined chamber with a grain heap conveyor, a shaker board, under which a fan is located, upper sieve, lower sieve and pitched board, exit window, grain elevator, return elevator, re-threshing device, grain collection bin mounted on the frame of the combine with an unloading auger, breaker beater, straw walker, motor unit and additional fan, characterized in that in front of the threshing drum with a bar-slatted deck, a rotary-pin receiving beater with its own bar-slatted deck is installed, which is located under the receiving beater with an adjustable gap, while an additional fan is located under the keyboard straw walker, and the re-threshing device is made in the form of a three-bladed drum, blades which and the fairing of the header body are made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

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