RU2649626C1 - Grain harvesting unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mechanization of agricultural production, namely to machines for harvesting grain crops. Grain harvesting unit comprises a header, a combine harvester, with two threshing machines, a straw separator, a main and additional agitator board, small pile separator, transporting devices, a hopper and straw chopper-spreader, as well as a trailer container. Additional agitator board of the combine harvester is placed under the first threshing machine and is adjacent to an additional grain screw conveyor connected with an additional discharge screw conveyor. Trailer container is equipped with a system of unloading screw conveyors. In the upper part of the container there is a small pile separator, with a finish grinding system and distribution screw conveyors.

EFFECT: use of the claimed invention makes it possible to optimize the layout of the grain harvesting unit, which allows to improve the quality of separate collection of grain of different biological value.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mechanization of agricultural production, namely to machines for harvesting grain crops.

A known combine harvester that provides separate collection of grain of various biological value, containing one or more threshing machines, a straw walker, a main and additional shaker boards, a small heap separator, main and additional conveying devices and a bunker divided into two parts [SU 520068 A1, Combine harvester, A01D 41/00, A01F 7/00, 1976 - analogue].

The disadvantages of such a combine harvester are the complexity of operation associated with the different speed of filling the bunker compartments under different operating conditions, the complexity of separate unloading of grain, which differs in biological value, and the decrease in the quality of grain cleaning in the back of the fine heap separator due to the separation of grain flows.

Closest to the proposed invention is a combine harvester (aggregate) containing two threshing machines, a straw walker, a main and additional shaker boards, an intermediate separation unit, including a straw walker with a separating grate and a breaker beater, a small heap separator, conveying devices, a bin for collecting biologically valuable grain, a straw chopper-spreader with a grain-feeding device and a transport trolley (trailed tank) for collecting a mixture of feed grain and sex (RU 2208928 C2 A01 D 41/00, A01F 7/00 - prototype).

The disadvantage of this combine harvester is that hard-to-harvest grain is collected together with a large number of light impurities, which narrows the possibilities of its further use and necessitates additional cleaning in stationary conditions.

The aim of the proposed invention is to optimize the layout of the harvesting unit, which allows to improve the quality of the separate collection of grain of various biological value.

This goal is achieved due to the fact that in a combine harvester containing a header, a combine, with two threshing machines, a straw walker, a main and additional shaking boards, a small heap separator, conveying devices, a hopper and a straw chopper-spreader, as well as a trailed tank, in the harvester additional shaking board is located under the first threshing machine and is adjacent to the additional grain auger associated with the additional unloading auger, and the trailed tank is equipped a system of unloading augers, with a small heap separator installed in its upper part, with a hammering system and distribution augers.

The invention is illustrated by illustrations.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a proposed combine harvester; in FIG. 2 - structural elements of a thresher of a combine harvester included in a combine harvester.

The proposed combine harvester includes a combine 1 with a header 2 and a trailed tank 3 for collecting biologically valuable grain. The harvester 1 contains a chassis 4 mounted on the frame, a control cabin 5, a motor unit 6, a transmission, a hydraulic system, electrical equipment and an automatic control system (not shown in the diagram) and technological working bodies, which include: two threshing machines (first 7 and second 8), straw walker 9, additional shaker board 10, small heap separator 11 with main shake board 12, grain auger 13, grain conveyor 14, additional grain auger 15, spike auger 16 and hammer system 17, hopper 18 with rotary discharge th screw 19, an additional unloading auger 20 and the straw chopper spreader (ICR) 21. harvester 1 with the coupling 22 attached trailed container 3 for collecting biologically valuable grain. The trailer tank 3 is equipped with a system of unloading augers 23 (lower, vertical and rotary), and in its upper part a small heap separator 24 is installed, with a hammer system 25 and distribution augers 26 and 27.

Combine harvester operates as follows.

From the motor unit 6, the chassis 4 of the combine 1 and the technological working bodies are driven. In this case, the combine harvester moves across the field, the grain mass is mowed by the header 2 and fed to the first threshing apparatus 7, which has a reduced peripheral speed. Here, in the mild threshing mode, more dense, ripened, biologically valuable grain is released. In this case, the selected small heap falls on an additional shaking board 10, where, under the influence of directed vibrations, it enters the additional grain auger 15, and then it is fed to the trailed container 3 by an additional unloading screw 20. Here, the distribution screw 27 evenly distributes the small heap along the width of the small heap separator 24 The purified biologically valuable grain that has passed through the sieves of the fine-heap separator 24 is collected in the trailed tank 3 itself, fine impurities are blown out by the flow created by the fan in spirit, and paddy spikes again thrashed, passing through 25 domolota system and re-fed to the separator 24, the small heap.

At the same time, a rough heap from the first threshing apparatus 7 enters the second threshing apparatus 8, where the final threshing of the ears occurs at more severe drum operating conditions. The selected small heap falls on the main shaking board 12, and then on the sieves of the small heap separator 11. The cleaned grain is collected by the grain screw 13 and fed through the grain conveyor 14 to the hopper 18. Light impurities are blown out by the fan of the small pile separator 11, and the spikelets are collected by the spike screw 16 and fed to re-threshing in the system of the hammer 17, after which the resulting mass is again sent for cleaning. The coarse heap that has passed the second threshing apparatus 8 enters the straw walker 9, where grain with fine impurities is extracted from it, straw enters the IRS 21 and, after grinding, is scattered across the field surface, and the grain with impurities is sprinkled on the fine heap separator 11 and, after cleaning, it is also fed into the hopper 18. At the same time, grain is collected in the hopper 18, which is less full-weight and more technologically damaged than that collected in the trailed tank 3. Grain from the hopper 18 is unloaded into vehicles through a rotary unloading auger 19, and from the pickup full capacity through the system of unloading augers 23. At the same time, biologically valuable grain can be removed by replacing the trailed tank 3. The trailer tank 3 is driven from the motor unit 6 of the combine 1 through a power take-off shaft or hydraulic drive.

At the same time, moving the additional shaker board 10, shutting down the additional grain auger 15 and the additional unloading auger 20, as well as disconnecting the trailed tank 3 will allow the combine harvester 1 to be used as a traditional independent machine with a two-drum threshing machine. At the same time, a trailed container 3 with an integrated small heap separator 24 can be used as a stationary system for cleaning grain, for example, after trailed stripping devices.

In comparison with the known technical means, the proposed invention provides a combination of the following advantages:

- threshing of biologically valuable, full-weight grain in “soft” modes with a low level of damage;

- high-quality grinding of grain, characteristic of double-drum combines;

- separate collection of biologically valuable high-grade grain and less valuable, fodder;

- significantly increases the total area of the sieves of small heap separators, which facilitates the working conditions of each individual separator, improves the quality of grain cleaning;

- it becomes possible to ensure the use of individual elements of the harvesting unit in production;

- there is an opportunity to significantly increase the total volume of the capacity for the accumulation of yield, which will increase the working time of the combine between unloadings and, accordingly, increase the utilization rate of the shift time.

Claims (1)

A combine harvester containing a header, a combine, with two threshing machines, a straw walker, a main and additional shaking boards, a small heap separator, conveying devices, a hopper and a straw chopper-spreader, as well as a towed container, characterized in that the additional shaking board is located in the combine under the first threshing machine and adjoins the additional grain auger associated with the additional unloading auger, and the trailed tank is equipped with a system of unloading augers, In its upper part, a small heap separator is installed, with a hammering system and distribution augers.

Images