RU129348U1 - UNIVERSAL TRAILED HARVESTER - Google Patents

Abstract

A universal trailed combine harvester, including a two-position bale box for working and transport position, drives placed at several levels on the frame of a uniaxial chassis and mounted during the technological process, a header, an inclined conveyor of small heap on a shaking board made in the form of a confuser, a device for forming a small and rough heap with loading and unloading windows, made in the form of an axial-rotary threshing-separating device installed across the stroke technologist process with overlapping width cleaning, cleaning with a shaking board, upper and lower sieves, a fan and an exhaust window for cleaning products, a grain hopper and a system of loading and unloading conveyors, characterized in that it is equipped with a removable sieve mill separating large straw fractions from small heaps along the entire length of the thresher with a sieve with louvered holes, with longitudinal combs with steps, with three castings made of elastic material and two pitched boards for small ravo ha, converging to the groove of the grain auger of the combine.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering and can be used in the construction of combine harvesters.

There are various designs of trailed combine harvesters of domestic [1] and foreign [2] production. These harvesters can work according to two technological schemes: 1) with the collection of grain in the combine harvester condition; 2) with collection in the bunker of a stupid pile [3]. The second technology scheme is most effective in comparison with the first one, since it provides a reduction in grain losses, harvesting costs, complete collection of the most valuable feed fractions of the non-grain part of the spike crop without the use of any additional devices on the combine harvester, and, finally, reduction of weediness fields.

When the analogs work according to the second scheme with the collection of an inconspicuous heap in the hopper, the cleaning fan, the spike auger are turned off on the combine harvester, the upper and lower sieves for cleaning the grain are removed, and the device that finishes the spikelet is turned off. A small pile (grain, floor, under-thinned spikelets, part of straw fractions) wakes up through the deck of the combines and enters the grain auger, and from the latter - into the combine bunker with an elevator. The straw after threshing with a straw walker is fed to the chopper, which either grinds it or puts it into a roll for subsequent disposal.

If the combines are equipped with axial-rotary threshing devices, then, unlike the classical scheme of combines with threshing threshing drums, they do not have bulky straw walker keys and emit straw at the exit of the axial-rotary drum after grain separation through the deck. The straw enters the combine grinder or simply fits into the roller, and the small separated cake (grain, floor, under-spikelet, part of the straw fractions) is fed to the combine for cleaning, where it can be processed according to the same two schemes: with collection of a non-blown pile in the bunker of the combine and further cleaning in the hospital, or with the collection of grain combine harvester condition.

The use of harvesters with axial-rotary threshing devices (ARMSU) in comparison with combines of the usual classical design provides many advantages according to the KUBNIITiM test results [4], the main of which is a 2-10-fold reduction in grain crushing during harvesting and crop losses. In this regard, KUBNIITiM recommends that when updating the combine fleet, preference is given to combines with ARMSU [4], which are also 1.5-2 times more productive and, due to reduced grain crushing, provide an additional harvest of 1.5-2.5 c / ha [4].

Given the foregoing, as a prototype of the planned utility model, we adopted a domestic trailed combine harvester [1] with ARMSU (patent for utility model RU No. 2697 U1).

A disadvantage of the known machine, like all analogues, is the high clogging of the resulting grain heap in large fractions of the non-grain part (straw) exceeding 100 mm. The presence of the latter in a heap of 5-7% [5] does not increase the feed value of the non-cereal part of the crop (chaff), and also reduces the density of a non-weed pile to 168-221 kg / m ³ [5], which reduces the performance of the machine for transportation and cleaning heap at the hospital.

The re-equipment of analogues and a prototype for cleaning a heap of nonsense consists in turning off the cleaning fan, an ear of a screw, a home-beater spike and completely opening the blinds of the cleaning sieves [3]. But at the same time, large fractions of straw above 100 mm remain in the heap, reducing its density. In addition, the transport board of the harvester slowly conveys a stiff pile and is not provided with openings for separating the pile, which reduces the performance of the harvester.

The technical result is to increase the performance of the trailed combine and subsequent machines for transporting and cleaning heaps of higher density.

The technical result is achieved in a universal trailed combine harvester, which includes a two-position bale for working and transport positions, drives placed in several levels on the frame of a uniaxial chassis and mounted along the technological process, a header, an inclined conveyor of small heap on a quench cleaning board, made in the form of a confuser, devices for the formation of small and coarse heaps with loading and unloading windows, made in the form of an axial-rotor threshing and separating devices installed across the course of the process with overlapping cleaning in width, cleaning with a shaking board, upper and lower sieves, a fan and an exhaust window for cleaning products, a grain hopper and a system of loading and unloading conveyors, is equipped with a removable sieve mill separating large straw fractions from small heaps along the entire length of the thresher with a sieve with louvred openings with longitudinal combs with steps, with three castings made of elastic material and two pitched boards for small heaps converging to the groove of the combine auger grain auger.

The essence of the proposed universal trailed combine harvester is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a General view of the combine for the second version of the technology of harvesting with the collection in the hopper of a heavy pile; figure 2 is a General view of a universal trailed combine (top view); in Fig 3 - removable sieve mill-separator (top view).

The trailed combine harvester (Fig. 1) includes a two-position bale 1, drives (not shown conventionally in Fig.), Mounted on the frame 2 of the uniaxial chassis 3 and mounted in the course of the technological process, the header 4, the inclined conveyor 5, the device for forming small and rough heaps made in the form of an axial-rotary threshing-separating device 6 with a loading window 7 and an unloading window 8 of a rough heap. Replaceable sieve mill separator of large straw fractions from small heaps along the entire length of the grinder 9, equipped with a sieve 10 with louvered holes with longitudinal combs 11 (Fig. 3) with steps 12 (Fig. 3), three tides 13, 14, 15 (Fig. .3) with elastic elastic materials 16 and two pitched boards 17 and 18, converging to the groove 19 (FIG. 3) of the grain auger 20. The harvester also includes an unloading window 21 for cleaning products, a grain hopper 22 and a system of loading 23 and unloading 24 conveyors. In addition, the harvester is equipped with a conveyor 25 of small heap on a removable sieve mill 9, made in the form of a confuser, and the threshing and separating device 6 is installed across the course of the process with overlapping cleaning width. The discharge window 8 of the rough pile and the exhaust window 21 of the cleaning products are provided with slopes-guides 26 and 27.

The combine has seats 28, 29, and 30 for hinging the snits 1 in the working and transport positions, one of which is for hinging - located on the chassis 3, and the other two are spaced taking into account the positioning and fixing of the snits 1 and are located on frame 2.

The harvester is equipped with a service platform 31, made in the form of a cleaning roof, containing a guard 32 installed around its perimeter. Supports 33 of the discharge screw conveyor 34 (Fig. 2) of the grain hopper 22 in the transport position are mounted cantilever. The hopper 22 is mounted on a threshing and separating device 6, and the shaft of the main counter drive 35 in its middle part is made in the form of an axial-type grinding device (used in the 1st harvesting variant with collecting grain of the combine conditioner into the hopper).

Trailed harvester is aggregated with a tractor, serviced by one person and works as follows.

Through the power take-off shaft and cardan transmission (not shown in FIG.), The actuators of the combine are driven. When the tractor moves along the harvested strip, the header 4 protruding from its right side cuts the harvested crop and moves it to the inclined conveyor 5. Next, the cut mass is tangentially loaded into the threshing part of the axial-rotary threshing-separating device 7 and enters the separating part. The threshed mass is divided into small and coarse heaps. A coarse heap, moving axially, enters the discharge window 8, where it changes direction to tangential and is thrown out through the slope-guide 26. A small heap, but containing straw fractions of more than 100 mm, waking up through the separating holes of the threshing and separating device 6 falls on the conveyor 25 of the small heap, where it is narrowed to the width of the sieve separator 9 or the transport board (in the 1st cleaning option) and mixing is carried out to a more uniform state.

Prepared heap arrives at the initial section of the sieve mill-separator 9 or the transport board with the 1st cleaning option, loading it with a uniform layer.

The sieve mill-separator 9, making a reciprocating movement, moves and separates an inclement pile on the ramp boards 17 and 18 to the groove 19 and then by the screw 20 to the elevator 23. The straw fraction of more than 100 mm is carried out by the shutters 10 and steps 12 into the exhaust window 21 cleaning products and further along the ramp-guide 27 is thrown out.

On the field behind a working combine harvester there remain a heap roll and a continuous roll of straw fraction of more than 100 mm, the state of which, for example, can control the quality of the process.

As the hopper 22 is full, the tractor stops. The drive clutch of the unloading conveyor 36 is turned on. The vibrations of the threshing and separating device 6 are transmitted to the bunker 22. The possible arches of the grain heap are destroyed. Thus, the hopper 22 is emptied. After turning off the clutch of the conveyor 36 (figure 2), the harvester is ready for further work.

For maintenance of the harvester on the stairs, you can climb to the service platform 31, carry out the necessary actions and go down. Moreover, the safety of working at height is provided by the fence 32.

The following operations must be carried out to transport the trailer combine.

Switch off the tractor PTO shaft. Transfer the unloading auger 34 into the transport position and fix it on the tilted support 33, raise the header 4 and the inclined conveyor 5. Put the gusset 1 in the transport position and fix it in this position. Lock header 4 on grip 1.

In this form, the tractor and the trailed combine occupy the minimum dimensions in width and are capable of moving over considerable distances.

Thus, the proposed interchangeable device provides increased combine harvester productivity due to the accelerated movement by longitudinal combs 11 with steps 12 of straw fractions above 100 mm to the exit 21 from the thresher, better separation of small heaps through a sieve with a large living area for the entire length of the thresher. The higher density of the heap contributes to the growth of productivity of subsequent machines for its transportation and processing (separation) in the hospital.

Three outflows (one in the front part 13 of the sieve separator and two 14, 15 on its lateral sides) fit snugly to the sides of the thresher without a gap (using elastic elastic materials 16 and prevent grain loss through leaks.

For agricultural enterprises with developed livestock breeding, the second version of the harvesting technology with the collection of a heap of stray heap and its subsequent separation and storage at the hospital provides an additional collection of valuable animal feed - chaff. After processing the chaff by animal organisms, it is also introduced into the soil in the form of organic fertilizer, which is much more effective than spreading the floor and chopped straw along the field at the same time as harvesting the grain with the combine in the first setting — collecting the grain in the bunker of the combine, which also requires mandatory post-harvest improvements in the hospital, although less time-consuming than an inclement pile.

Information sources:

1. Certificate for utility model RU No. 2697 U1 by application 95114998/20, 08.22.1995, published on 09.16.1996.

2. The development of designs of non-motorized combine harvesters // Tractors and agricultural machines, 1993, No. 1. - from. 32-36.

3. Heidebrecht I.P. Canadian technology for harvesting crops / Technique and equipment for the village, No. 4, 2006. - P.38.

4. Guidelines for the selection of competitive combine harvesters for agricultural producers of the Krasnodar Territory. - Krasnodar, 2009.

5. Lavrukhin A.A. Technology and a set of machines for harvesting cereal crops with the processing of a pile of heaps at a hospital / Abstract. diss. Ph.D., Krasnodar, 1985.

Claims (1)

A universal trailed combine harvester, including a two-position bale box for working and transport position, drives placed at several levels on the frame of a uniaxial chassis and mounted during the technological process, a header, an inclined conveyor of small heap on a shaking board made in the form of a confuser, a device for forming a small and rough heap with loading and unloading windows, made in the form of an axial-rotary threshing-separating device installed across the stroke technologist process with overlapping width cleaning, cleaning with a shaking board, upper and lower sieves, a fan and an exhaust window for cleaning products, a grain hopper and a system of loading and unloading conveyors, characterized in that it is equipped with a removable sieve mill separating large straw fractions from small heaps along the entire length of the thresher with a sieve with louvered holes, with longitudinal combs with steps, with three castings made of elastic material and two pitched boards for small ravo ha, converging to the groove of the grain auger of the combine.

Images