RU2070373C1 - Combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: self-propelled grain combine harvester has frame-mounted undercarriage 1, cabin 2, engine 3, reaper 3, hopper 5, a two-cylinder threshing-separating device with first and second rasp-bar cylinders 7 and 8, screen cleaner 9 with fan 10 and bottom and top screens, grain and tailings augers 11 and 12, grain and tailings elevators 13 and 14, and a stacker. The thresher is provided with an additional cleaning-separating device. The additional cleaning-separating device has top and bottom screens 15 and 16 and slide board 17. The slide board is located under rasp-bar cylinder 7. Wall 18 divides hopper 5 into two departments. Port 21 in the lower part of the wall is provided with shutter 22. Additional grain auger 23 and additional grain elevator 24 are installed between fan 10 and grain auger 11. The outlet end of the grain elevator is located over one of the departments of hopper 5. The outlet end of main elevator 13 is located over the other department of the hopper, and damper 25 is mounted for rotation between augers 11 and 23. Bottom screen 16 of second cylinder 8 is provided with apron 30. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of self-propelled combine harvesters for agricultural machinery.

 Known combines "SK-3", "Niva", "Kolos", "Sibiryak" and "Don", containing a header, thresher with one drum, a motor unit, chassis, cab, hopper and stacker.

 Closest to the proposed one is the Yenisei-1200 self-propelled combine harvester, in which the thresher is equipped with two beater drums, but has one separation separator and a single-chamber grain bunker. (Krasnoyarsk production association for grain combines. "Yenisei-1200". Krasnoyarsk, 1984, p. 13, 34).

 The presence of one treatment separating device and a single-chamber hopper for grain does not allow the combine to separate the grain into seed and feed, and the result is huge losses of free grain. So, according to the CIS data for 1991, they amounted to 30%. Given that these data were taken from the southern regions (Krasnodar), where the fields are not clogged, in the whole country and in the RSFSR these losses were even greater. So, in the Vologda Oblast, when the combine was used as an indoor thresher, these losses amounted to 40%. Grain with cones rose under the combine. Of course, on the move through the fields, these losses are still increasing.

 Another example. In 1990, when working on the Niva harvester after working in the field for 4.5 hours, the undercarriage was damaged and the beveled bread mass was fed into an inclined chamber to the conveyor. The threshed grain spontaneously fell to the ground up to 90%. It turned out that the transport board, decks, sieves were littered with seeds of spinous weeds mixed with sex, like felt. Grain did not enter the hopper.

 No less evil in grain losses from the first releases of combine harvesters spoilage of grain with threshing drums of the thresher, the swift movement of the whips of the threshing drum (20-30 m / s). A significant part of the grain, and first of all, large, seed, is subjected to crushing and microdamage. And, strangely enough, the lion's share of grain losses during the sowing period is caused by the work of combines. It is impossible to prevent damage to the seed grain during harvesting by reducing the speed of the drums and increasing the threshing gaps and other adjustments. Half of the grain will either be unmilled in straw or, in the opposite case, microdamages and grain crushing will increase. When sowing 10-15% of such grain (with microdamages) it does not germinate, and another 10-12% gives very frail seedlings. So the doctor of agricultural sciences K. Kolganov and the inspection on the quality of seeds of the Krasnodar Territory claimed back in 1953. Since then, our fields have deteriorated.

 In the Non-Chernozem zone, these losses increase, because the relief of their fields has the form of plains and on the top of the plains the grain is ripe, green in the lowlands, nevertheless it all goes into one bunker. It is impossible to obtain seed grain with 100% germination from such a mixture by sorting. In addition, it should be passed through a grain dryer up to five times, as you can not increase the temperature of the seed grain (it is a living kidney with a nutrient for the time of germination). Germination of such grain is still low and amounts to 40-50%. It is impossible to remove grains with microdamages by sorting. A lot of grain accumulates on currents, it burns, cleaning stops. Dryers consume 3-4 times more fuel (kerosene, diesel fuel).

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the threshing and separating device of the combine, and thereby eliminating the loss of seed grain.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the proposed combine harvester the first threshing drum of the threshing and separating device is made with elastic whips and is equipped with a separate separating device containing an upper and lower sieve, a sloping board, a grain auger and a grain elevator, the hopper is equipped with a separate compartment for seed grain with a shutter and a movable separation wall is installed between the grain augers.

 The drawings show: figure 1 diagram of the technological process of the combine "Rus"; FIG. 2 threshing and separating device of the combine "Rus"; figure 3 - hopper of the harvester, view A; FIG. 4 elastic drum scourge; 5 a wall between grain augers.

 The combine “Rus” contains a reel 1, a header body 2, an inclined chamber 3, a chain-slat conveyor 4, a cab 5, a first beater drum 6, a grill of an intermediate beater 7, an intermediate beater 8, a grain elevator of the first beater drum 9, a seed grain compartment in bunker 10, grain elevator of the second beater drum 11, intermediate wall of the bunker compartment 12, unloading horizontal screw 13, beater breaker 14, common bunker 15, apron 16, straw walker 17, stacker 18, spike auger 19, upper sieve of the second drum 20, lower sieve 21, pitched board 22, w a certain grain of the second drum 23, a wall 24 between the grain augers, a grain screw of the first drum 25, a transport board (screen) 26, a guiding grid of the bumper beater 27, a trellis board of the second drum 28, a fan 29, a viewing window 30, a beatable second drum 31, the upper the sieve of the first drum 32, the lower sieve 33, the sloping board of the first drum 34, the deck of the first drum 35, the copy shoe 36, the finger auger 37, the cutting apparatus of the header 38, the screen apron 39, the grill 40, the tacking device 41, the rear apron 42, the top extension sieve 43, beach elastic 44, shield-cover of the horizontal screw of the hopper 45, bracket 46, shutter 47, lever for opening the shutter 49, guide for the shutter 48. Hinge rod 50, stops 51, 52, stud 53, longitudinal hole 54, wing 55, holes for studs 56, 57, a window on the intermediate wall of the hopper 58, motor unit 59, steered wheels 60, drive wheels 61, a removable part of the wall 62.

 The first drum drum 6 is made with elastic pests 44 (Fig. 4) and is equipped with a separate separating device, consisting of two: the upper 32 and the lower 33 sieves, a sloping board 34, an additional grain screw 25 and a grain elevator 9.

 The hopper in this combine is made of two compartments: compartment 10 for seed and compartment 15 for feed grain. In the lower part of the dividing wall 12, a window 58 is made, which is closed by a shutter 47. The upper part 62 of the dividing wall 12 is removable.

 Between the grain screws 23, 25 a movable separation wall 24 is installed.

 When the combine harvester 2 is installed at the desired cutting height of the grain mass. The bread mass during the movement of the combine harvester 1 is fed to the cutting apparatus 38. The cut mass by the screw 37 is directed to an inclined conveyor 4, which feeds it under the first drum drum 6. The first drum 6 is regulated to a lower speed of pests 44 than the second drum 31 (Fig. 4) and a larger gap between pests and deck 35, which allows you to grind ripe, large, seed grain without crushing and microdamage. (Seed grain should not be taken more than 1/3 of the total grain mass). Grain passing through deck 35 falls on the upper sieve 32 and lower 33 and on the pitched board 34, falling to the grain auger 25. The light fraction is removed from the grain by the air flow of the fan 29 (Fig. 1, 2). The grain auger 25 feeds the grain into the grain elevator 9 and into the seed box 10 of the hopper 15. From the first drum 6, thus, the seed grain, which has been milled without damage, may not need to be dried at all. The half-thinned grain mass goes to the intermediate bit 8, which releases through the intermediate grate 7 and 40 a portion of the grain that falls onto the transport board 26. The non-threshed bread mass is sent to the threshing gap of the second beater drum 31 (with ten whips around). The second drum 31 is regulated to a greater than the first, the speed of movement of the pests and a smaller threshing gap and produces the final grinding of grain from the grain mass. The bread mass is supplied by a jackhammer 14 to the grate 27 and to the straw walker 17, where the grain is finally separated from the straw.

 The straw air is carried out by the straw walker 17 into the collector 18, and the grain heap from under the deck 28 and the grill 27 is directed through the working surfaces with the straw walker 17 to the transport board 26 and the upper cleaning sieve 20. Under the influence of the air flow of the fan 29 and the vibrations of the sieves, the heap is divided into three parts: grain, straw, sex. Heavier grain falls on the lower sieve 21. Other impurities of the heap from the extension 43 enter the accumulator 18.

 The grain that has passed through both cleaning sieves along the ramp board 22 enters the grain auger 23 and is sent to the hopper 15 by the elevator 11.

 It is enough to pass the grain from the hopper 15 once through the dryer at an elevated temperature, while the throughput of the dryers increases threefold with a fuel economy of 2-3 times, which is very important under any harvesting conditions, and even more during wet seasons.

 Unloading (feed) grain from the hopper 15 is carried out in the usual way: screw 13 (Fig. 1-3). To unload the seed grain compartment, in the hopper compartment 10 it is necessary to open the shutter 47 with the lever 49 through the hinge rod 50. Through the window 58 on the intermediate wall of the hopper, the grain will sprinkle into the hopper compartment 15 to the screw 13 (Fig. 1-3).

 So that the (feed) grain from the screw 23 does not enter the seed screw 25, a wall 24 is placed between them (in Fig. 1 the wall is shown in the closed state, in Fig. 5 in the open state).

 The wall 24 is opened as follows: it rises upward in the longitudinal hole 54, is removed from the spike 53 and rotates all the way to 51. The wall 24 is closed by turning it to the stop 52, is put on the spike 53 and secured by the wing 55.

 From fields from which it is impractical to take seed grain for various reasons (quality, grade, etc.), the revolutions of the first beater drum are increased and the threshing gap is reduced. The wall 24 is opened, the shutter 47 is opened and fixed with a pin in the hole 56 (in the closed position in the hole 57).

 On the intermediate wall 12 of the hopper, part of the wall 62 is removed so that there is no uneven loading of hopper compartments by the grain.

 The need for a domolachivay device 41, driving a punctured spikelet-hammer, determine the prototypes.

 The proposed combine allows you to ensure the safety and quality of seed grain (its selection from the total mass). The first drum grinds only large, mature seed grain, which is fed into a special compartment in the hopper. This reduces the cost of subsequent processing of grain (drying).

 The harvester provides increased efficiency of the threshing and separating device.

Claims (2)

 1. A harvester containing a running gear, a cab, an engine, a header, a hopper, a double-drum threshing and separating device with first and second beater drums, a sieve cleaning device with a fan, upper and lower grilles, a grain and spike auger, a grain and spike auger, mounted on the frame. elevators and stacker, characterized in that the thresher is equipped with an additional cleaning and separating device having an upper and lower sieve, a ramp placed under the first beater drum, and mounted in the hopper on the wall for the formation of two compartments, with a window provided with a shutter in the lower part of the wall, and between the fan and the grain auger an additional grain auger with an additional grain elevator is installed, the output end of which is located above one of the bunker compartments, while the output end of the main elevator is located above the other compartment, and between the grain augers a slide is installed with the possibility of rotation, in addition, a visor is mounted on the lower sieve of the second drum.  2. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the scourges of the first drum are made elastic and the upper part of the dividing wall is removable.

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