RU2574138C2 - Grain combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: grain combine harvester comprises a device of extraction, separation and storage of grain 1, an inclined conveyor, the straw ducts 14, the header housing, the fans 8, the fixed frame with the rear wall and the front wall, the screw. The device of extraction, separation and storage of grain 1 is connected to the straw ducts 14 on the right and left. The corrugated parts of the straw ducts 14 are attached to the fans 8. The fans 8 are attached to the diffusers, also attached to the fixed frame, welded to the header housing. In the opening of the beam, the upper abrasive discs and impellers the rollers are inserted. The impellers with upper abrasive discs are driven by compressed air. The frame comprises shafts with the abrasive discs with spacers, alternately put on them. The counter-cutters are welded to the front wall. The shafts are driven by the gear motor through the drive chain.

EFFECT: invention enables to cut the tops of the stems of plants with spikes, to extract grain from them, and to grind the middle parts of the stems of plants for use in livestock production.

14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices in the field of agricultural engineering, intended for harvesting grain crops.

A known combine harvester containing an engine, frame, hopper, lower, upper and inclined conveyors, trough, diametric and centrifugal fans, header, hydraulic accumulators (RF patent No. 2486737), adopted as a prototype. The combine does not have shredders for the middle part of the plant stems for the use of straw in animal husbandry.

Also known is a unit for harvesting grain crops (RF patent No. 2244397, A01D 43/00, 2003), comprising a header with a cutting apparatus, a reel, a transverse and a longitudinal conveyor, a frame, a rotary chopper, disk batteries, a casing and a pressing mechanism. The design flaw is the unreliability of the choppers pivotally attached to the header.

The objective of the invention is to create a combine harvester that cuts off the upper parts of plant stalks with spikelets, grinds the middle parts of plant stems for use in animal husbandry, as well as the lower parts of plant stems.

The problem is solved in that the proposed combine harvester first cuts the upper part of the grain mass with spikelets and sends them to a device for extracting, separating and storing grain, then grinds the middle parts of the plant stems and sends them to the vehicle, and cuts the lower parts of the plants and leaves them on field.

New significant features:

- straw pipelines are connected to the grain extraction, separation and storage device on the right and left;

- corrugated parts of straw pipelines are located along the body of the inclined conveyor and are attached to the fans attached to the header body;

- diffusers are attached to the fans, also attached to the fixed frame;

- the fixed frame is welded to the header body, and a beam with holes in it is welded to it;

- through the holes in the bar, the upper abrasive discs and impellers pass rollers;

- the impellers are installed in the housing of the impellers and are closed by the cover of the impellers;

- the upper abrasive discs are partially covered with protective covers;

- a frame is installed on two axes attached to the header body;

- the frame is also pressed from both sides to the header body with clamps;

- the back wall and the front wall are welded to the frame;

- a plate with dovetail recesses is welded to the top of the frame;

- upper brackets are inserted into the recesses, in which the glasses are clamped, and ball bearings are installed in them;

- the lower bracket is welded below to the frame, in which the needle bearing cups are installed, and the needle bearings are installed in them;

- an asterisk with slots from the inside is installed in each needle bearing;

- the shafts of the sprockets include the base of the shafts, sealed with cuffs;

- shafts are welded to the shaft bases, on which abrasive disks with spacers are alternately worn;

- abrasive discs with spacers are tightened with nuts;

- contradictions are welded to the front wall, and a partition below;

- cuffs on top are covered with protective discs;

- sprockets surround the drive chain, drawn by rollers;

- the drive chain drives the gear motor;

- a screw is also installed in the header body, enclosed by a screw casing;

- under the middle part of the casing of the auger there are installed the walls of the adapter, the cross section of which is regulated by a flap by means of hydraulic cylinders for moving the flap;

- a lead is pivotally attached to the header body, at the end of which a support-drive wheel is installed;

- the supporting drive wheel is connected by a belt drive with an intermediate pulley, an intermediate pulley with a screw pulley, and a screw pulley with a reel pulley;

- tension of belts is provided by tension hydraulic cylinders;

- to the soil, the support drive wheel presses the hydraulic cylinder of the leash.

The listed new essential features are sufficient in all cases to which the requested scope of legal protection applies.

The combination of known and significant distinguishing features of the inventive combine harvester is not known from the prior art and does not follow from it in an obvious way.

A new technical result is that the use of the proposed combine harvester will allow you to cut the upper parts of the stems of plants with spikelets, remove grain from them and grind the middle parts of the stems of plants for use in animal husbandry.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the combine, top view; FIG. 2 is a diagram of the harvester, left view; in FIG. 3 - view A; in FIG. 4 - section BB; in FIG. 5-section BB; in FIG. 6 - section GG; in FIG. 7 - view D; in FIG. 8 - view E; in FIG. 9 - section EE; in FIG. 10 - section FZ; in FIG. 11 - section ZZ; in FIG. 12 - section II; in FIG. 13 - section KK; in FIG. 14 is a view of the header on the left, the position of the dividers and the frame when replacing the abrasive discs.

Combine harvester (Fig. 1, 2) contains a device for extracting, separating and storing grain 1, the body of the inclined conveyor 2 with the inclined conveyor 26 (Fig. 6), the cab 4 (Fig. 1, 2). Straw pipelines are connected to the grain extraction, separation and storage device 14. The corrugated straw pipelines are located along the inclined conveyor housing and are connected to the fans 8 attached to the header housing 10. A reel 5 is installed on the header housing. It is supported through supporting hydraulic cylinders 15 (Fig. . 2, 3) on rollers 11 equipped with cutting elements, and connected to the header body also by means of two chains 20 (Fig. 3) and a loop 17. The header body is fixed relative to the combine frame by two fixation hydraulic cylinders Nia header 18 (FIG. 2). The rotation from the engine to the fans is transmitted sequentially by a belt drive 13, a hydraulic clutch 12, an intermediate shaft 9 and another belt drive (Fig. 3). Diffusers 7 are attached to the fans (Figs. 1, 4), which are also attached to the fixed frame 53 (Fig. 9). The frame is fixed welded to the header body, and a beam 54 is welded to it, in which there are holes. The dividers bushings 36 (Fig. 8, 9) and the dividers stops 57 are welded to the beam. The dividers 6 (Figs. 1, 2, 3) with dividers latches 19 are inserted into the dividers bushings. The dividers rely on the stops of the dividers and pillows 37 (Fig. 9 ) glued to the front wall 16 with grooves "77" (Fig. 8, 11). The rollers 56 pass through the upper abrasive disks 46 (Fig. 9). The impellers 56 are installed. The impellers are installed in the impeller housing 58 and closed by the impeller cover 59. Sleeves from the receiver of the pneumatic system of the combine are connected to the housing of the impellers on both sides. Abrasive discs are partially covered by protective covers 35 (Fig. 8, 9). On two axes 42 (Fig. 9) attached to the header body, a frame 43 is mounted to which the rear wall 47 (Fig. 9, 11) with holes “O” is welded. A plate 61 (FIG. 10) with dovetail recesses is welded at the top of the frame. The upper brackets 52 are inserted into the recesses (Figs. 9, 10). Cups 51 are clamped in the upper brackets, and ball bearings 50 are installed in them. The lower bracket 41 (Fig. 9) and the front wall are welded to the bottom of the frame. In the lower bracket, cups of needle bearings 40 are installed, and needle bearings 38 are installed in them. A sprocket 44 is installed in each needle bearing (Fig. 9, 13) with slots from the inside. The sprockets of the sprockets include the base of the shafts 39, sealed by cuffs 45. The shafts 49 (Fig. 9, 11) included in the ball bearings are welded to the base of the shafts. Abrasive disks 46 with spacers 48, tightened by nuts 60, are alternately put on the shafts. Contradictions 62 are welded to the front wall near the abrasive disks (Figs. 10, 11), and the baffle 64 is at the bottom (Fig. 12). The cuffs are covered with protective discs 63 at the top. The sprockets are surrounded by a drive chain 66 (Fig. 13), pressed by the rollers 65. A geared motor 34 (Fig. 7) with a DC motor drives the drive chain. The auger 21 (Fig. 4), enclosed by the auger casing 22, is also installed in the header body. Under the middle part of the auger casing (Fig. 6) there are installed the walls of the adapter 28 connecting the space of the auger to the space of the inclined conveyor. The cross section of the adapter is controlled by the shutter 27 by means of the sectors 24 located on both sides of the inclined conveyor of the hydraulic cylinders for moving the shutter 25 (Fig. 5). A leash 31 is pivotally connected to the header body (Fig. 7), at the end of which a support-drive wheel 3 is installed (Fig. 1) , 7). From the support drive wheel by means of belt drives 13 (Fig. 7), the rotation is transmitted to the intermediate pulley 32, from it to the screw pulley 33, and then to the reel pulley 29. The tension cylinders are secured by tension hydraulic cylinders 23, the cavities of which are connected to the hydraulic accumulator of the combine. A hydraulic cylinder of the lead 30 is pressed against the soil by a support-drive wheel, the cavity of which is also connected to the hydraulic accumulator of the combine. The frame (Fig. 14) is pressed from both sides to the header body with clamps 70 and cables 68 through blocks 69 connected to the extreme dividers.

Before starting work, the machine operator supplies the pressure of the working fluid to the tension hydraulic cylinders, support hydraulic cylinders, header fixing hydraulic cylinders, and the hydraulic cylinder of the leash. Then it includes an inclined conveyor, a hydraulic clutch for transmitting rotation to the fans, a gear motor that transmits torque through the drive chain, sprockets, shaft base, shaft to the lower abrasive disks, supplies compressed air to the impellers, which rotate the upper abrasive disks.

When the combine header is introduced into the bread mass, the dividers cut it into streams, and the reel directs the upper parts of the plants with spikelets to the upper abrasive disks (Fig. 9, 6). The upper abrasive discs cut off the upper parts of the plants, reel them down onto the screw, the screw through the adapter onto the inclined conveyor, and from there the upper parts of the plants get into the grain extraction, separation and storage device. The middle parts of the plants through the slots "77" (Fig. 8, 10, 11) fall between the lower abrasive discs and the contradictions. As the combine moves, the abrasive discs mounted on the shafts (Fig. 9) cut the stems one at a time, shortening them. The resulting straw particles are sucked into the fans through the “O” windows (Fig. 11), diffusers (Fig. 4) and sent through the straw piping (Fig. 2) to a trailer (not shown) attached to the combine harvester. The plume presses the remaining lower parts of the plant stems to the surface of the field, and the rollers equipped with cutting elements are cut into parts. The cut straw remains on the field.

In the process, the machine operator adjusts the position of the shutter by means of both sides of the inclined conveyor of the hydraulic cylinders so that the upper parts of the plants uniformly fill the inclined conveyor in width.

If it is necessary to replace the abrasive disks, the operator passes through all the dividers the telescopic rod 67 (Fig. 14) and opens the clamps on both sides of the header body, freeing the frame. Then he picks up the dividers. At the same time, the frame, on both sides connected to the dividers by cables through the blocks, lowers, allowing access to the abrasive discs.

Claims (1)

Combine harvester containing a device for extracting, separating and storing grain, an inclined conveyor, straw pipelines, header body, fans, a fixed frame with a rear wall and a front wall, a screw, characterized in that straw pipelines are attached to the device for extracting, separating and storing grain , the corrugated parts of which are located along the body of the inclined conveyor and are attached to the fans attached to the header body, and the diffusers are attached to the fans, also attached to the frame on a fixed frame, the frame is stationary welded to the header body, and a beam is welded to it in which there are holes, rollers pass through the holes in the beam of the upper abrasive disks and impellers, the impellers are installed in the impeller housing and covered by the impeller cover, and the abrasive disks are partially covered by covers protective, on two axes attached to the header body, there is a frame, pressed also on both sides to the header body with clamps, and the rear wall and the front wall are welded to the frame, a plate with deep holes is welded to the frame dovetail, the upper brackets are inserted in the recesses, in which the glasses are clamped, and the ball bearings are installed in them, the lower bracket is welded to the frame below, in which the needle bearing cups are installed, and the needle bearings are installed in them, each needle bearing is installed an asterisk with slots from the inside, the shafts of the sprockets include shaft bases sealed with cuffs, shafts are welded to the shaft bases, on which abrasive disks with spacers, tightened by nuts, are alternately worn, to the front Contradictions and a baffle plate are welded to the crown, and the cuffs are covered with protective discs on top, the drive chain is surrounded by a chain driven by rollers, which is driven by a gear motor, a screw is installed in the header body, enclosed by a screw casing, the adapter walls are installed under its middle part, the cross section of which they regulate the shutter by means of hydraulic cylinders for moving the shutter, a leash is pivotally attached to the header body, at the end of which a support-drive wheel is installed, the support-drive wheel is connected a belt drive with an intermediate pulley, an intermediate pulley with a screw pulley, and a screw pulley with a reel pulley, tension cylinders are provided by tension cylinders, and a lead hydraulic cylinder presses the supporting-drive wheel to the soil.

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