RU208395U1 - Standing grain harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering and can be used for harvesting grain crops. remote threshing chamber, driven by a hydraulic motor, having a grain conveyor in the lower part, coupled with a horizontal belt conveyor, the upper branch of which is supported by eccentrics (shakers), the end of the horizontal belt conveyor is located in the lower internal cavity of the drum conveyor having transverse strips and a longitudinal belt, in the upper part of the drum there is a chute for loading grain into the vehicle, under the threshing chamber there is a drum cutter, the rear upper part of which is covered by a casing, a drum cutter The arat is coupled with the straw unloading conveyor and is supported by height-adjustable guiding wheels, the drum cutterbar and the unloading conveyor are mounted on a hinged bracket with height adjustment by a hydraulic cylinder, the unloading conveyor is associated with the vehicle body. mechanization of harvesting with the separation of grain from the ear and straw, loading of grain and straw mass into vehicles. 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering and can be used for harvesting grain crops.

Known combine harvester combining machine, including with aggregated energy means, a wheel frame located on the side, and a trailer, while on the wheel frame there is a combing chamber with a console-mounted housing containing a drum with combing working bodies, a casing with a suction window, a receiver with an inclined chamber with a scraper conveyor and a fan with a deflector, while the inclined chamber and the deflector are communicated with the trailer through the pneumatic line, and the suction port is located in front, and below the drum there is a comb of troughs with a beveled end, installed obliquely and communicated with the receiver, above which, above the drum in the housing a fan with a deflector is mounted, the fan is diametrical, and its blades have the form of a comb of semicircular plates, the casing is made over the drum wavy, the stripping chamber has a hydroficated parallelogram lifting and lowering mechanism, the conveyor in the receiver is equipped with auger crust on both sides vokami with counter turns, the stripping working bodies are made in the form of L-shaped blades radially mounted on the drum, on which stripping plates with a comb of swept teeth and circular recesses between them are installed with the ability to move. (RU, patent for invention No. 2305395 C2 A01 D 41/08 published on April 200, 2007 Bull. No. 25)

The disadvantages of this machine include the fact that it leaves a threshed leafy mass in the field, which must be removed later, which entails an increase in energy consumption for this method of harvesting grain crops.

A device for stripping standing grain is known, including a header hung on an inclined chamber of a combine harvester, containing a receiver and two cheeks, as well as a stripping rotor mounted between them, equipped with evenly distributed stripping elements in the form of plates with cut out combs of combing pointed fingers, an inclined belt conveyor, the auger and the drive placed in the receiver, while the conveyor is equipped with stripping elements, and the rotor is made of double-drum with a chain circuit, in which the lower branch is installed parallel to the upper branch of the conveyor, and the stripping elements are fixed through elastic strips having a height greater than the distance between the conveyor and the rotor, the plates of stripping elements with a comb of fingers are made of metal and have a concave shape, and the fingers are wider than the cutout between them, the drive provides counter rotation of the conveyor and the rotor. (RU, patent for invention No. 2306691 C1 A01 D 41/08 published on September 27, 2007 Bull. No. 27)

The disadvantages of this device include the complexity of the design, and the use of an energy-intensive harvester, while an uneven surface is formed on the field due to the absence of a cutting device on this device.

Known stripping device containing a copying platform with hydraulic cylinders for lifting and lowering, hinged supports, mounted in it auger, front and rear stripping drums, a casing connected by adjustable rods with a copying platform, an indicator of the angle of "attack", the rear drum of the stripping device is mounted with a screw in the body of the copying platform, and the casing with the front drum mounted in it is connected to the copying platform by means of hydraulic cylinders, and the scale for indicating the angle of attack is kinematically connected with the indicator of the rear drum location above the recoverable surface of the field installed on the copying platform. (RU, patent for invention No. 2340154 C1 A01 D 41/08 published on 10.12.2008 Bull. No. 34).

The disadvantages of this stripping device include the complexity of the design, laboriousness in manufacturing and maintenance, and the personnel working using this stripping device as an attachment to a combine harvester must have high qualifications and experience with this device.

Known unit for harvesting grain crops, including an energy tool, a frame and a trailer, covered with a net, and a stripping adapter is fixed on the frame, containing a body, stripping rotors, combing fingers, a receiving chamber and a feeder chamber, and a fan with a deflector, while the adapter receiving chamber closed from above with a casing and contains an inclined chamber in the form of an inclined separating chute with threshing drums with a lattice chute installed under it, equipped with an unloading auger, and the suction pipe of the centrifugal fan is connected by a trapezoidal ventilation slot made above the receiving chamber, and the receiving chamber is connected with a trailer, while in the stripping adapter the lower rotor is made in the form of a belt conveyor with a diameter of the upper drum large of the lower drum, on which concave plates with a comb of stripping fingers are fixed, and is equipped with a striker beater, and the upper rotor is made in the form of reels and is equipped with elastic dividing strips, the frame is hung on the power unit in front and has the possibility of vertical movement by means of a parallelogram mechanism controlled by a hydraulic cylinder, behind the power unit there is a trailer, divided into two parts: an open for receiving grain and a closed mesh for non-wiping, the working bodies are driven at the expense of energy resources. (RU, patent for invention No. 2327333 C2 A01 D 41/08 published on June 27, 2008 Byull. No. 18)

The disadvantages of this unit include high cost, complexity in manufacturing, high energy consumption, and the need for subsequent refinement to separate the grain from the chaff from the transported trailer.

Known unit for harvesting, including a vehicle with harvesting tools - stripping and threshing blocks, a means for moving threshed grain along a tubular conveyor, while the unit is equipped with a trailed module, including a threshing block, made in the form of two belt conveyors, on the edge of which is installed means for moving the threshed grain along a tubular conveyor, and the belt conveyors are mounted behind the stripping unit mainly perpendicular to the direction of movement of the vehicle, the stripping unit is made, at least, in the form of at least one stripping drum rotating at a given speed with stripping combs mounted on it, and the means for the movement of threshed grain along a tubular conveyor is made in the form of a rotating impeller with a drive, which creates an air flow, which entrains the transported mass, the stripping drums rotate at a speed of 300 to 1000 revolutions per minute, the first stride of movement of the combined unit, the stripping drum rotates at a speed equal to 0.3 to 1.0 of the rotation speed of the second stripping drum, and the stripping combs of the stripping drums are bent in the form of arcs that facilitate the movement of ears from the edge of the comb to the middle. (RU, patent No. 2357398 C1 A01 D 41/08 published 10.06.2009 Bull. No. 16)

The disadvantages of this unit include the complexity of the design and low technological capabilities, as well as the impossibility of transporting leafy mass into a moving vehicle or even distribution over the field.

Known combine for harvesting grain crops, including a vehicle with a harvesting tool - in the form of a threshing block, a means for moving threshed grain along a tubular conveyor, while in front of the tools for harvesting a threshing block consisting of direct-flow threshing chambers in the form of pairs of rollers with pneumatic throwers for each pair, a knife drum is mounted behind the threshing chambers for cutting, crushing plant stems, scattering them across the field or loading them into a vehicle, while the drive of the direct-flow threshing chambers with pneumatic throwers is made from a hydraulic motor, and the knife drum is from the power take-off shaft through a conical reducer. (RU, patent No. 2437270 C1 A01 D 41/08 published on December 27, 2011 Bull. No. 36)

The disadvantages of this design include the complexity of the design and low technological capabilities, low operational reliability and low productivity.

We have adopted this harvester as the closest analogue. The essence of the claimed utility model is as follows. The problem to be solved by the declared utility model is complete complex mechanization of harvesting, complete separation of grain from the ear, loading grain into vehicles, reducing grain crushing and reducing energy consumption.

The technical result is a decrease in grain crushing and a decrease in energy consumption during the complex mechanization of harvesting with the separation of grain from the ear and straw with the loading of grain and straw mass into vehicles.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known harvester for harvesting grain crops on the standing, containing a vehicle with a harvesting tool in the form of a threshing unit, a means for moving threshed grain, while in the front part of the self-propelled chassis a portable threshing chamber is mounted on a parallelogram suspension, the drive of which is made from a hydraulic motor, having in the lower part a grain conveyor coupled with a horizontal belt conveyor, the upper branch of which is supported by eccentrics, the end of the horizontal belt conveyor is located in the lower inner cavity of a drum conveyor having transverse strips and a longitudinal belt, in the upper part of the drum there is a pitched chute for loading grain into a vehicle, a drum cutter is installed under the threshing chamber, the rear upper part of which is covered by a casing, the drum cutterbar is connected to the unloading conveyor Gauge wheels adjustable in height, drum cutter and unloading conveyor are mounted on an articulated arm with height adjustment by a hydraulic cylinder, the unloading conveyor is coupled with the vehicle body.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1 - shows a harvester for threshing crops on the vine, side view.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed utility model is as follows.

The harvester for harvesting grain crops includes a self-propelled chassis Agromash 50SSH 1, on the longitudinal spars 2 of which the frame 3 is fixed, gearboxes 4,5, connected by a cardan 6. The threshing chamber 7 is hinged to the frame 3 by means of a parallelogram suspension with a hydraulic cylinder 8. Threshing drive chamber 7 is made from a hydraulic motor 9. The rear part of the threshing chamber 7 is coupled with an inclined belt conveyor 10, the upper branch of which is supported by an eccentric 11. The drive of an inclined belt conveyor 10 is made from a gearbox 5 through a chain transmission 12. An inclined belt conveyor 10 is coupled with a horizontal conveyor 13, the upper branch of which is supported by eccentrics 14. The end of the horizontal belt conveyor 13 is placed in the inner cavity of the drum conveyor 15, which has transverse slats 16 and a longitudinal belt 17. In the upper part of the drum conveyor 15, a sloping chute 18 is provided for loading grain into the transport vehicle. In the front part of the self-propelled chassis 1, a drum cutter 19 is installed, the rear upper part of which is covered by a casing 20. The drum cutter 19 is coupled with the unloading conveyor 21 and is supported on the gauge wheels 22 adjustable in height. The drum cutter 19 and the unloading conveyor 21 are mounted on hinge bracket 23, for adjusting the height of the hydraulic cylinder 24 is provided. The unloading conveyor 21 is mated with the body 25 of the vehicle.

The harvester for harvesting grain crops on the vine works as follows.

Before starting work, the necessary adjustments are made to ensure the reliable performance of the technological process, the reliability of raising and lowering the threshing chamber 7 is checked using a parallelogram suspension with a hydraulic cylinder 8, the reliability of the operation of the hydraulic cylinder 24, the articulated arm 23 adjusting the height of the drum cutter 19 and the unloading conveyor 21 is checked. The harvester drives up to the field. With the help of a parallelogram suspension with a hydraulic cylinder 8, it lowers the threshing chamber 7 into the working position. The drum cutter bar 19 and the unloading conveyor 21 are lowered onto the field surface using a hydraulic cylinder 24, onto the gauge wheels 22.

When the self-propelled chassis Agromash 50SSH 1 moves on the surface of the field, the threshing chamber 7 threshes the grain crops on the vine. In this case, the threshed grain is supplied from the threshing chamber 7 to the inclined belt conveyor 10. The eccentric 11 ensures uniform distribution of the threshed grain along the inclined belt conveyor 10 and prevents the formation of grain unloading in the zone of movement on the horizontal belt conveyor 13 with an upper branch resting on eccentrics 14 serving for separation grain evenly before entering the rotating drum conveyor 15, where it is moved by the transverse slats 16 and the belt 17 on the sloping chute 18, which provides grain loading into a nearby moving vehicle. In this case, the drum cutter 19 cuts off the threshed plants and sends them to the unloading conveyor 21, which loads the cut threshed plants into the body 25 of a nearby vehicle. The gauge wheels 22 provide the required cutting height for threshed plants.

The declared Utility Model meets the requirements for novelty and essential distinctive features. The use of the harvester will make it possible to carry out full complex mechanization of harvesting grain crops on the standing, complete separation of grain from the ear, loading grain and straw mass into vehicles, reducing grain crushing and reducing energy consumption.

Claims (1)

A harvester for harvesting grain crops, containing a vehicle with a harvesting tool in the form of a threshing unit, a means for moving threshed grain, characterized in that, in the front part of the self-propelled chassis, an external threshing chamber is mounted on a parallelogram suspension, the drive of which is made from a hydraulic motor having a grain conveyor in the lower part, coupled with a horizontal belt conveyor, the upper branch of which is supported by eccentrics, the end of the horizontal belt conveyor is located in the lower inner cavity of the drum conveyor, which has cross bars and a longitudinal belt, in the upper part of the drum there is a pitched tray for loading grain into the vehicle, a drum cutter is installed under the threshing chamber, the rear upper part of which is covered by a casing, the drum cutterbar is coupled with the unloading conveyor of straw and is supported on height-adjustable gauge wheels, bar The bath cutterbar and the unloading conveyor are mounted on a hinged arm with height adjustment by a hydraulic cylinder; the unloading conveyor is mated with the vehicle body.

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