RU2496296C2 - Traction type durra-harvesting combine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery industry, in particular to machines for harvesting cereal crops of headed cultures. The traction type durra-harvesting combine comprises a normaliser, a direct flow remote threshing chamber, a hydraulic hinge, a hopper, a header, a transporter of plants and a trailer. The combine is equipped with independent motor designed for the drive of working bodies and is assembled together with all the components of the combine, such as normaliser, a direct flow remote threshing chamber, a hydraulic hinge, a hopper, a header, a transporter of plants on the traction type wheel frame. On the traction type wheel frame the switchgear is mounted. The switchgear provides a connection with the kinematic coupling of all or part of the working bodies to the power take-off shaft of energy means or to an autonomous combine engine.

EFFECT: constructive solution enables to improve the adaptability of the durra-harvesting combine for use with different energy means.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, specifically to machines for harvesting cereals and panicle crops.

Known combine for harvesting sorghum broom (RU, patent No. 2220531, IPC A01D 37/00, A01D 41/08, A01D 45/00. Combine for harvesting sorghum broom. Application No. 2002107188. Publish. 10.01.2004. Bull. No. 1. ) This combine is a header-sheaf binder consisting of a frame with a divider attached to it, a sectional conveyor, a grass separator, a cutting apparatus, a knitting apparatus, a needle conveyor, and a running gear. A direct-flow external threshing chamber (PVMK) is installed on the front of the header-sheaf on a parallelogram hydraulic hitch, a sheaf conveyor and a tractor trolley are hitched behind the header-sheaf, and a grain bunker is mounted on top of the sheaf-sheave.

The disadvantage of this combine is that to drive its working bodies, the energy tool must have a power take-off shaft, in addition, it is impossible to harvest grain sorghum with this combine, since it is undersized and the combine knitting apparatus cannot form sheaves.

Known grain harvesting machine (RU, patent No. 2305395 IPC A01D 41/08. Combine harvesting machine. Application No. 2005131140/12. Publish. 09/10/2007. Bull. No. 25).

Combine harvesting machine consists of an energy tool (for example, a tractor of the third class 1.4), with which the wheel frame protruding from the side and the trailer along the side are aggregated. On the protruding part of the frame, a combing chamber is installed with the possibility of raising and lowering by means of a hydroficated parallelogram mechanism, comprising a housing, a receiver located at the bottom and collecting on the one hand with a comb from inclined grooves with a beveled end and with an inclined camera on the other hand, and also located on top casing. A drum equipped with L-shaped blades is installed in the housing above the gutters. A stripping plate with a comb of swept teeth with round recesses between them is mounted with the possibility of fixing in the required position. A scraper conveyor is installed in the inclined chamber, equipped with two screw tips, with oncoming turns, which are placed on both sides in the receiver. Above the receiver, a diametrical fan is installed above the drum, the blades of which are made in the form of combs of semicircular plates. The fan is equipped with a deflector. The casing above the drum is made wavy in accordance with the plates and does not cover it from the front. The gap between the casing and the comb of the grooves in front form a suction window. The deflector, the inclined chamber are communicated by means of a pneumatic drive with a trailer. The drive of the drum, conveyor with tips and a fan is made from the tractor PTO via kinematic connection with their pulleys. The hydrified parallelogram mechanism is connected with the tractor hydraulic system.

The disadvantage of this machine is that the threshing device injures the panicle and stalk of harvested plants, which is unacceptable when harvesting sugar and broom sorghum, and that this machine collects only grain, leaving the whole leafy mass on the surface of the field, which must be removed by another by car.

Also known is a combine for harvesting industrial crops (RU, patent No. 2421974 IPC A01D 41/08. Combine for harvesting industrial crops. Application No.2010100341. Publish. 06/27/2011. Bull. No. 18), taken by us for the prototype. The harvester contains a self-propelled chassis with a direct-flow external threshing chamber mounted on it, a hydraulic hitch, a hopper, a header, a plant conveyor, a trailer and a normalizer in the form of a chain-slat conveyor installed in front of the direct-flow threshing chamber.

The disadvantage of this combine is the high complexity of completing the unit and the possibility of mounting the combine only on a self-propelled chassis, the carrying capacity of which limits the number of modules used, which reduces potential productivity.

The invention consists in the following.

The objective of the invention is the expansion of the acquisition capabilities of the sorghum harvester as part of the unit, increasing productivity.

The technical result is an increase in the fitness of the sorghum harvester for use with various energy means.

The specified technical result during the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that the trailed sorghum harvester containing a normalizer, a direct-flow external threshing chamber, a hydraulic hitch, a hopper, a header, a plant conveyor and a trailer are equipped with a self-contained engine designed to drive the working bodies, mounted together with all components harvester, such as a normalizer, a direct-flow remote threshing chamber, a hydraulic hitch, a hopper, a header, a conveyor of plants, on a trailed stake hydrochloric frame of mounted power means, and a control device capable of connecting all or a part of the energy to the working organs of the selection means or the shaft power to the autonomous engine harvester. For example, when using a tractor vehicle or an industrial tractor that is not equipped with a power take-off shaft as an energy tool, the combine works as follows: the switchgear switches to transmitting mechanical energy from an autonomous engine through a kinematic connection to the working bodies of the combine. In the process of harvesting, an energy tool acts as a tractor, moving the combine along the rows of harvested plants. When using an agricultural tractor or other energy means equipped with a power take-off shaft, the switchgear is transferred to the position of transferring mechanical energy from the power take-off shaft to the working bodies of the combine.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of the harvester. Side view.

Figure 2 presents the scheme of the harvester. View from above.

A trailed sorghum harvester includes: an energy tool 1, which may be, for example, a class 1.4 tractor; 2.0; 3.0, etc., a car or other traction device, a trailed wheel frame 2, on which, for example, a hydraulic linkage 3 is mounted on the side with modules mounted on it, consisting of a normalizer 4 and a direct-flow external threshing chamber 5 with a 6 grain feed device a hopper 7 mounted on a trailed wheel frame 2 with an unloading mechanism 8. A self-contained engine 9 and a distributing device 10 are also placed on the trailed wheel frame 2. A header 11 and a plant conveyor are located behind the direct-flow external threshing chamber 5 12. A trailer is attached to the rear of the trailed wheel frame 2 13. The working bodies of the trailed sorghum harvester, such as the normalizer 4, the direct-flow external threshing chamber 5, the grain feeder 6, the unloading mechanism 8, the header 11, the plant conveyor 12, are driven by kinematic coupling from switchgear 10, the energy to which is supplied either from the power take-off shaft (if available) of the energy tool 1 through a cardan gear 14 or from an autonomous engine 9. Kinematic communication can be carried out with using, for example, belt, chain and other mechanical gears, hydraulic motors or electric motors. When using low-power tractors as the power tool 1, the drive of one or several working bodies can be carried out from the tractor power take-off shaft, and the rest from the autonomous engine 9. When using the power tool 1 that does not have a power take-off shaft, all working bodies are driven engine 9. When using a powerful tractor as an energy tool 1, the drive of all working bodies can be carried out from the tractor power take-off shaft. Switching the power flow to the working bodies from the autonomous engine of the combine 9 and from the power take-off shaft is carried out by a switchgear 10, which is a two-position clutch, for example, cam, planetary or friction.

The harvester works as follows.

When harvesting sorghum, the plants pick up the normalizers 4 of each module and reject them, setting them perpendicular to the plane of the rollers of the direct-flow remote threshing chamber 5, in which threshing plants with root plates are threaded with slotted beaters with transporting plates. The milled grain by the grain feeding device 6 is collected and transported to the hopper 7, and then it is transferred to the vehicle by the unloading mechanism 8. Hydraulic hitch 3 allows you to install the combine modules to the required threshing height. The threshed plants, leaving the direct-flow remote threshing chamber 5, fall on the header 11. The cutting height of the plants by the header 11 is adjustable. Mowed by the reaper 11 plants under the influence of inertia are stacked on the plant conveyor 12. By conveyor 12, threshed and mowed plants are placed in the trailer 13. When using an energy tool 1 that does not have a power take-off shaft, all working bodies are driven by an autonomous engine 9. When used in As an energy tool 1 of a powerful tractor, the drive of all working bodies can be carried out from the tractor power take-off shaft. Switching the power flow to the working bodies from the autonomous engine of the combine 9 and from the power take-off shaft is carried out by the switchgear 10.

Claims (1)

A trailed sorghum harvester containing a normalizer, a direct-flow external threshing chamber, a hydraulic hitch, a hopper, a header, a plant conveyor and a trailer, characterized in that the harvester has an autonomous engine designed to drive the working bodies, mounted together with all components of the harvester, such as normalizer, direct-flow remote threshing chamber, hydraulic hitch, hopper, reaper, plant conveyor, on a trailed wheel frame, aggregated with energy ohm, and a switchgear, providing a kinematic connection of all or part of the working bodies to the power take-off shaft of an energy facility or to an autonomous combine engine.

Images