RU2773308C2 - Method for harvesting grain crops and device for harvesting machine, proposed for this purpose - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: threshing method for harvesting grain crops provides for their separation specifically in the form of grain from harvested material to be harvested, which is fed into a threshing phase after the harvesting process that occurs against the direction of the working movement. During this phase, harvested material is processed as appropriate grain crops, as well as impurities in the form of straw and chaff, in such a way that main discharged impurities are separated from grain crops, wherein they are fed with chaff or small particles in the form of a grain/chaff flow for final cleaning, and grain that does not contain these residual impurities is harvested essentially as grain crops. During at least one feeding phase preceding the final cleaning, at least one grain/chaff flow is given a transporting movement having a component in the vertical upward direction and a component in the direction of the working movement. A device for implementing the threshing method for harvesting grain crops is proposed, in which harvested material fed by a cutting mechanism is drawn into a threshing block, in which straw and the grain/chaff flow are separated, after the final cleaning of which the grain can be fed into a storage hopper. The threshing block, in order to collect the grain/chaff flow released from it, interacts with a lifting conveyor that deflects the grain/chaff flow and forms a displacement section directed upwards relatively to the threshing block, so that the grain/chaff flow has at least a stepwise transporting movement, which has a component in the vertical direction and a component in the direction of the working movement.

EFFECT: improved passage of grain crops and impurities is provided with compact dimensions of the device.

24 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a method of threshing when harvesting cereals, in particular cereals, as harvested material. The proposed device for this purpose is based on the collection of the material harvested along the area of arable land in a threshing unit, from which residual impurities are discharged, the grain/chaff flow is fed into the final cleaning unit, and the harvested material, in particular grain, is collected.

It has long been known to use self-propelled harvesters, in which the harvested material in the form of cereals, corn, rapeseed or similar crops is separated from the stalks by threshing, and the straw and chaff are discharged from the system as impurities remaining during processing. In the application according to DD 73 187, a device for mowing and feeding the harvested material is already used, in which two cutting mechanisms are used to increase the cleaning efficiency in the area of the collection process. The self-propelled version of the harvester according to DE 32 23 927 A1 also refers to a multi-component design, in which the threshing unit consists of at least two drums, threshing and separating, which can be used with the same or opposite direction of movement. This should make it easier to pick up the threshed straw from the swath after the grain has been harvested.

A further improvement of this system is provided according to DE 32 37 677 A1, which proposes a carrier to be modularly activated, in which, in the area of the three-point suspension, the threshing axle unit, the cleaning device and the recess for the cutting mechanism can be detachably placed. In each case, to benefit from the benefits of the interchangeable threshing system, these system components must be in the area in front of the harvester's front axle.

From the publication according to DD 209 562, a harvester is known, which includes a separator mounted on a cutting mechanism. This provides an available installation space that can be optimally used, and maintenance and repair work can be carried out in an easier way. The system is characterized by the fact that a threshing unit with a longitudinal flow is installed in the cutting mechanism. In the area of the collecting device, the use of two separators located next to each other is provided. The main structure of the block is clearly shown, which collects the harvested material against the direction of travel and moves it back in the longitudinal direction. In each case, the straw is discharged downwards and, starting from the threshing unit in front, the grain/chaff mixture can move to the rear into the respective separation and screening unit.

In a further development of the systems described above, according to the decision in EP 0 392 189 B1, a harvester connected to a carrier is proposed, and in this case the threshing and separating unit, located in this case under the driver's cab and in front of the front wheel axle, collects crops in a transverse direction, and then moves it by means of lifting conveyors to the area of the further located saddle-type block.

In EP 1 247 442 B1 and US 2006/0185340 A1 other agricultural harvesters are shown, and designs of the corresponding threshing unit equipped with interchangeable modules are proposed.

From DD 61886 a self-propelled harvester is known which has a directional adjustable chassis. On the basis of known types of harvesters, in this case, the alignment of the cutting device in front of the grain bin is provided, and in connection with this, the components of the threshing and cleaning devices, which interact as a known linear system, are located above this grain bin. The application according to DE 86 03 904 U1 also proposes an upper system with linear further components, in which the compressed grain is fed into the threshing direction zone by means of an inclined conveyor, and under the action of gravity a separation of the grain is ensured, ending at the bottom plate, followed by separate lifting.

Based on the state of the art, the threshing method according to the invention aims to improve the passage of material for both crops and impurities. Therefore, a harvester that can be converted from work to road travel with little effort must be compact in size with a maximum working width, position the cutting attachment on the chassis with optimum load capacity, and provide relatively short material flows both for filling a hopper with variable volume, and for the release of impurities.

To achieve this goal, a threshing method is proposed, which is shown in paragraphs 1-10 of the claims, and a device for this purpose is shown in paragraphs 11-24 of the claims.

Based on the known threshing methods used during the harvesting of crops, the harvested material collected with the stems, or the stems after picking, is fed into the threshing phase in the direction opposite to the direction of the working movement, during which the harvested material is processed, respectively, in the form of crops, straw and chaff. Therefore, the generated grain/chaff flow must be fed into the final cleaning system so that at the end of the process the crops are accumulated as cereal grains, corn kernels and the like, essentially free of residual impurities.

The improved process control according to the invention aims to ensure that, during at least one feeding phase prior to a known final cleaning, at least one grain/chaff flow is given a conveying motion that deviates from known "linear" operating sequences. This system-dependent, optimized conveying movement is aimed at the direction of flow, which now has one component in the vertical direction and one component in the direction of the working movement. In contrast to known "linear" systems with conveying movements that are started during or at the end of the threshing process, a system is thus realized in which a directional "deviation" is included in the sequence of operations. Thus, on the basis of this direction of flow, a structurally improved cleaning unit can be realized.

In this regard, it is envisaged that the flow of grain/chaff to be moved in several phases is guided in a confined space immediately after the threshing phase by means of transport movements according to the invention, and that in this connection a "lift" is used in the direction of travel. The result of this method is that it is possible to reduce to a minimum the corresponding length of the conveyor system structure - and thus the dimensions of the device - that can be obtained in the direction of the working movement. It then follows from this concept that a highly variable width crop transport system in the working direction can be moved transverse to the working direction, thus determining the optimal direction of the system on the road.

After this roadside repositioning, the grain/chaff optimized system can be used as a compact unit in public transport where it can be moved largely independently while maintaining width dimensions.

Based on the main considerations described above, the improved threshing process is designed so that the flow of grain/chaff to be lifted after the threshing phase - in which the straw is discharged - can be fed into the final cleaning stage in one or more directions for subsequent discharge of the chaff as residual impurities. In this regard, during cleaning, the flow of grain/chaff is directed with the respective axes of movement in the direction of the working movement or against it.

The configuration of the respective stages of moving the "deflected" conveying movement according to the invention ensures that the grain from the grain/chaff flow, which is now moved upwards relative to the collection and threshing phase and separated during the final cleaning, is introduced into at least one storage container located above the process cleaning. In this regard, it is envisaged that the chaff will be removed in one or more transport phases before the grain is released into the upper storage container. Taking advantage of known techniques, it is contemplated that a combination of wind screening and screening can be used in this area to separate the chaff from the grain/chaff flow.

In a variant of the improved threshing method according to the invention, the harvested material is concentrated on at least two partial mowing paths, starting with a mowing path that defines the cutting width with several harvesting lines. The material to be harvested is then fed into separate transfer, threshing and separation sections. These lines, which can be equipped with units known as such, are arranged in such a way as to further process the harvested material in two substantially parallel systems. After starting the lifting conveying movement according to the invention of the grain/chaff flow, the separated grain is separated by final cleaning and collected for transport.

In an additional variant of the threshing process, it is provided that the harvested material, cut off in the area of the partial mowing paths during entry into the system, is directed along two transversely connected partial transport flows, these two partial transport flows are fed into a common threshing process, then two separate transport flows is sent to the appropriate separation phase, and here both the release of impurities and the supply of crops with residual impurities to the final cleaning system located on top of the system according to the flow of grain / chaff are activated.

The new threshing method also provides that the separation and collection of grain in the form of threshed material must be combined with the immediate, targeted removal of residual impurities in the form of straw and chaff. The internal processes are designed to ensure that all impurities collected in the two partial cut paths are discharged close to the ground and distributed largely evenly across the harvested arable land area.

The spatial arrangement of the process is configured so that crops with residual impurities pass upwards as a compact flow of grain/chaff to the area above the inlet, where the last stage of the separation process in the form of final cleaning is carried out. The procedurally optimal assignment of these components ensures that the inlet of the harvested material according to the invention embraces the zone which is formed behind this axis with respect to the axis of support and movement of the system. Thus, a compact high-altitude movement can be achieved advantageously in the central effective zone of the system.

To implement the method according to the invention, a conceptually improved combination of individual components is provided, which are connected in a new device. It starts with the cutting mechanism as an inlet for the crop, which is then drawn into the threshing unit, known as such. The grain/chaff stream created in this process can then be separated by a final cleaning system so that the harvested material can be fed as grain into a storage bin.

A further development according to the invention of this multi-component device provides that the threshing unit for receiving the flow of grain/chaff discharged from the threshing unit now cooperates with an elevator conveyor, which deflects the grain/chaff flow and forms a section of the conveyor directed upwards relative to the threshing unit. Based on this basic consideration, with a directional deflection of the displaced flow, at least a phased conveying movement of the grain/chaff flow is provided with a component in the vertical direction and a component in the direction of the working movement - which corresponds to the direction of movement across the field.

A further optimization of the device provides that in at least one threshing unit it is also possible to provide several lifting conveyors. In accordance with further processing of the grain/chaff flow, the lifting conveyor(s) cooperate with at least one transverse conveyor at a respective receiving end or outlet end. This ensures optimal flow distribution from the threshing units in terms of compact filling of the lifting conveyor and subsequent distribution during transfer to the final cleaning phase.

An optimal development of the device to improve harvesting efficiency provides that the cutting mechanism that determines the mowing path is given two threshing units operating substantially synchronously next to at least one lifting conveyor. This ensures that a mowing path of at least the same size is created in the direction of the working movement, forming a larger cutting width compared to known harvesters. In combination with the method which provides for the transport movement according to the invention, the device has now been improved in such a way that the respective mowing paths can be directed to the individual components of the system by means of a comparatively shorter travel path. This means that optimum crop quality can be ensured while at the same time increasing threshing efficiency.

The cost-optimized implementation of the advanced device concept ensures that the two threshing units are equipped with well-known modules for screening, separating and accumulating grain crops. In this regard, in the area of one or more lifting conveyors, the respective modules for handling and discharging straw and chaff are so effective that these impurities are separated taking into account the internal conveying movements of the machine in the area close to the ground, and they can be quickly discharged.

The integrated design of the device ensures that the combination of two threshing units with the respective modules can also be integrated as a stand-alone unit in different base structures, so that the advantage of the advantageous design for splitting with a compact lift conveyor can be used with different embodiments of the base systems, which can be transformed in the direction of working traffic and in the direction of travel on the road.

An additional design of the device ensures that at least one cross conveyor is provided in the zone of the lifting conveyor, which detects the upward flow of grain and chaff, for feeding into the hopper and the like, which detects the incoming mixture in the final cleaning zone. This cross conveyor is designed to provide a substantially constant thickness of the separation mixture in the area of the grain/chaff flow fed from the lift conveyor during the final cleaning phase.

The cross conveyor provided at the outlet end of at least one lifting conveyor is equipped with an auger which moves the incoming mixture axially in the distribution pipe. It is arranged in such a way that, on the one hand, partial quantities of the mixture moving in one working direction can be discharged through an axial slot in the bottom, and on the other hand, partial quantities moving in the direction of transport can be fed into the filling level detection system. This system is designed so that a substantially constant outlet flow enters the final cleaning zone through the axial slot.

In order to control this uniform supply of the mixture in a particularly effective manner, it is provided that the filling level detection system cooperates with at least one accelerating roller rotating under the axial slot, and the distribution of the respective material can be controlled by a controlled change in the distance in the region of the axial slot.

In the optimal design of this cross conveyor, in the area below the axial slot, there are two counter-rotating accelerating rollers, and thus the volume of the mixture between them can be changed by changing the distance between the two accelerating rollers, which can be influenced by determining the filling level . In the event that, for example, a mixture is stuck in the vicinity of the fill level detector, this "pressure situation" is detected and the provision of a continuous distribution situation is continued by increasing the axial slot by adjusting the distance between the accelerating rollers.

Considering the size of the entire system, it is envisaged that the cross conveyor in the distribution pipe area can also have two end feed inlets. As a result, one screw in each of these feed inlets moves the mixture towards the center of the pipe, and in this zone there is a fill level detection system.

The preferred further development of the device with the features according to claims. 11-20 to implement the method according to paragraphs. 1-10 provides that at least one inlet and at least one downstream threshing unit with respective modules are located in the area of a functional frame, which can be made essentially in the form of a U, when viewed from above, and which can be movably aligned with the corresponding side supports of the base when driving both in the field and on the road. In this two-position system with a threshing device, at least one lifting conveyor cooperating with the upper filter element and a storage hopper can be integrated.

The functional frame concept, which has a U-shape when viewed from above, provides a particularly advantageous design in the area of the base supports. They are located in such a way that at least the cutting mechanism of the system is connected to the functional frame in the direction of the working movement, at least in some areas behind the respective drive wheel and/or wheel parts of the base support. The design of the structure also provides for cutting, threshing, separating and moving components known as such, for preferred use as prefabricated modules on a functional frame to allow for mobile threshing/collection options for special applications.

In view of the complex application of the device, it can naturally be equipped with one or more drive components, and in this regard, both their control and the control of complex movements should be regulated by appropriate programmable control units.

It has been shown that by using compact units, the system according to the invention can be optimally integrated into a U-shaped functional frame. In this regard, it is provided that only one threshing unit is assigned to the cutting mechanism, which determines the mowing path, which is essentially central and mirrored with respect to the longitudinal central plane of the system. This makes better use of the available installation space, and it is possible to improve the design in the area of the connecting components provided for the suspension. Naturally, this central threshing unit can also advantageously be equipped with two lateral lifting conveyors.

It is also possible to further optimize the design in the region of the at least one upper cross conveyor for handling the grain/chaff mixture. In this regard, it is envisaged that the transverse conveyor provided at the outlet end of the respective lifting conveyor is now (unlike the tube conveyor described above) formed by at least one transversely oscillating conveyor preparing the final cleaning. The start of the first phase of the sieving and filtering process is now ensured by this intake of the mixture from the lifting conveyors. The transversely oscillating conveyor makes it possible to process homogeneous moving layers of the underlying grain and the chaff lying on top and thus a possible optimization of the wind screening process.

In this regard, it is envisaged that the two-layer movable layers obtained from a corresponding transverse oscillation conveyor can be affected by at least one transverse air flow. In this phase of movement, the efficient execution of air separation in the zone above at least one separation zone begins. To this end, it is provided that the corresponding transversely oscillating conveyors cooperate with at least one catcher plate located underneath them. The "formed" movable layers are displaced from it to at least one additional lower separation surface spaced at the drop level. Naturally, separation can be triggered by air separation at least in the area of this drop level. The optimized design provides that the movement then takes place by means of a second drop level, after which the clean grain is fed into the lower sieve chamber. At each of the two levels of fall, a controlled wind screening process can be carried out by means of the corresponding transverse air flows, which can also be switched on separately.

Thus, the invention particularly preferably relates to a threshing or threshing method for harvesting cereals, in which they are separated, in particular in the form of grain, from the crop to be harvested, the latter being fed into the threshing phase after the harvesting process taking place against the direction of the working movement. , and during this phase, the crop is treated in the form of appropriate grain and impurities in the form of straw and chaff, in particular so as to separate the main unloaded impurities from the threshed material, they are served as a mixture with chaff or similar fine particles in the form of a grain flow / chaff to the final cleaning stage, and then the grain, which does not contain these residual impurities, is collected in the form of a threshed material. In addition, the threshing method is designed in particular such that during at least one feeding phase prior to final cleaning, at least one grain/chaff flow is given a conveying movement with a component in the vertical direction and a component in the direction of the working movement.

In addition, the threshing method is preferably designed such that the flow of grain/chaff to be moved in several phases in the direction of the upper final cleaning is guided by conveying movements in a limited space and thus the length of the threshing and moving system that can be obtained in the direction of the working movement can be minimized, in particular so that a harvesting conveyor system having a highly variable working width in the direction of the working movement, after being shifted at right angles in the direction of the working movement, can be positioned as a transport unit in such a way that in the direction of travel on the road, defined by this installation, this system could be moved largely autonomously in public transport.

In addition, the threshing method is preferably designed such that the grain/chaff flow to be moved upward after the threshing phase followed by the conveying movement is fed to the final cleaning in one direction (or several directions) to remove the chaff, and therefore the grain/chaff flow the chaffs are guided during cleaning with respective axes of movement in the direction of the working movement or against it.

Grain from the grain/chaff stream that is moved upwards and separated during the final cleaning process is preferably fed into at least one storage bin upstream of the inlet and threshing process.

The chaff is preferably removed in one or more separation phase(s) before the grain is fed into the upper storage bin.

To separate the chaff from the grain/chaff flow, a combination of wind screening and screening is advantageously used.

In addition, the threshing method is preferably designed such that, starting from a mowing path defining a cutting width with several harvesting lines, the crop is harvested with at least two partial mowing paths, then they are introduced into the area of the individual transfer, threshing and separating sections, further the crop is processed essentially in parallel in two systems, and after a conveying movement with grain and chaff moving upwards, the grain is separated and collected by a subsequent final cleaning.

In addition, the threshing method is preferably designed such that the harvested material cut in the region of the partial mowing paths is transported in two transversely connected partial conveyance streams, each of these two partial conveyance streams is jointly fed into the threshing process, then two separate conveyance streams are transmitted into the appropriate separation phase, and here the release of impurities is activated, and the crops with residual impurities are fed to the final cleaning stage, which takes place in the upper part of the system in line with the flow of grain / chaff.

The separation and collection of grain in the form of threshed material near the inlet is advantageous for the immediate removal of residual impurities in the form of straw and chaff, in particular so that all impurities collected in the two partial mowing paths are distributed to a large extent evenly over the harvested area of arable land.

In addition, the threshing process is preferably designed such that the crops with residual impurities pass upwards into the area above the inlet as a grain/chaff stream and the last separation step is performed here as a final cleaning.

In addition, the invention preferably relates to a device, in particular for carrying out the above-mentioned method, in which the material is fed by a cutting mechanism and the like. The harvested material is drawn into the threshing unit, after which the straw and the grain/chaff flow are separated, and after its final cleaning, the grain can be fed into the storage hopper. In addition, the device is designed in particular so that the threshing unit, for receiving the grain/chaff flow discharged from it, cooperates with an elevator conveyor, which deflects the grain/chaff flow and forms a movement section directed upwards relative to the threshing unit, in particular so that the flow grain/chaff had at least a staged transport movement having a component in the vertical direction and a component in the direction of the working movement.

Advantageously, at least one threshing unit located close to the ground is provided with one or more lifting conveyors.

Preferably, the lifting conveyor(s) are operated in conjunction with at least one transverse conveyor.

The cutting mechanism determining the mowing path is preferably provided with two threshing units with at least one lifting conveyor operating essentially in parallel next to each other, in particular in such a way that it is possible to determine the mowing path determining the working width with at least such the same size or larger than the width of known harvesters, in particular so that the harvested material can now be fed into the system via a relatively shorter travel path and processed therein.

In addition, the device is preferably designed so that the two threshing units are equipped with known modules for sieving, separating and accumulating crops, and so that the modules for processing and discharging straw and chaff are effective in the area of one or more lifting conveyors.

Preferably, in particular, a threshing unit which forms a combination of two threshing units can be integrated as a stand-alone unit into different basic structures as a device containing the system.

Preferably, at least one transverse conveyor is provided in the area of the lift conveyor, which detects the grain/chaff flow to be conveyed upward, the transverse conveyor detecting the incoming mixture in the area before final cleaning, in particular so that in the grain/chaff flow area , supplied from the rise phase, it was possible to provide a largely constant thickness of the mixture (33) for separation in the final cleaning.

In addition, the device is preferably designed so that the cross conveyor provided at the outlet end of the lifting conveyor is provided with at least one screw that moves the incoming mixture axially in the distribution pipe, with which partial quantities of the mixture forming the grain/chaff flow, displaced in the distribution pipe, on the one hand they are conveyed through an axial slot in the bottom, and on the other hand they are fed in the transport direction into the fill level detection device, the latter cooperating with at least one accelerating roller rotating under the axial slot, in such a way that the distribution material could be controlled by changing the distance from the accelerating roller in the region of the axial slot.

In addition, the device is preferably designed so that two counter-rotating accelerating rollers are provided in the area below the axial slot, and the volume of the mixture determined between them can be changed by changing the distance between the two accelerating rollers, which can be influenced by determining the filling level. .

In addition, the device is preferably designed so that the cross conveyor in the area of the distribution pipe has two filling inlets at the ends, of which one screw in each case moves the mixture towards the middle of the pipe, and in this area the corresponding filling curve rises, and this can be detected with by determining the level of adjustable filling.

Preferably, the cutting mechanism that determines the mowing path is given a threshing unit that is substantially centered and mirrored with respect to the longitudinal central plane of the system.

The transverse conveyor provided at the outlet end of the lifting conveyor(s) is preferably formed by at least one transversely oscillating conveyor preparing the final cleaning, in particular in such a way that the first phase of the screening and sorting process can be ensured with uniform moving layers. lying below the grain and lying above the chaff.

Preferably, the two-layer moving layers obtained from a corresponding transverse oscillation conveyor can be affected by at least one transverse air flow, in particular in such a way that a more efficient air separation phase can be carried out in the area above at least one separation surface.

In addition, the device is preferably designed so that the respective transversely oscillating conveyors cooperate with at least one catching plate located below them, with which the transported layers can be moved in the direction of at least one lower separation surface, spaced at the level of the fall, and along at least in the area of this drop level, separation is ensured by air separation, in particular in such a way that substantially clean grain passes through the second drop level into the lower filter unit.

Further details and advantages of the method and apparatus for harvesting crops according to the invention can be obtained from the description on the basis of the corresponding figures. The corresponding figures show the following:

in fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the device according to the invention, in a sectional side view along the line II-II with modules illustrating the sequence of operations according to the invention,

in fig. 2 is a perspective view of the same device as in FIG. 1, with two threshing units and their respective modules,

in fig. 3 is a front view of the system of FIG. 2,

in fig. 4 is a plan view of the system of FIG. 2 without upper screening unit and storage hopper,

in fig. 5 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 2, with threshing and separating modules integrated into a U-shaped functional frame with base side supports,

in fig. 6 is a plan view of the mobile system of FIG. 5,

in fig. 7 is a side view of a system comprising movable base legs in the direction of the working movement shown in FIG. 5,

in fig. 8 is a schematic representation of a cross conveyor between two storage bins of the system in the area of two lifting conveyors,

in fig. 9 is a sectional view taken along line I-I in FIG. eight,

in fig. 10 is a front view of a system similar to FIG. 3, with only one central threshing unit,

in fig. 11 is a plan view of a system similar to FIG. 3, in the area of the upper final cleaning with the corresponding conveyors with transverse oscillation,

in fig. 12 is a perspective view of the system of FIG. 11, and

in fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the system taken along line XIII-XIII in FIG. 12.

From the analysis of the main components of the mobile harvesting structure (Fig. 5-Fig. 6) applicable to the device 1 shown in Figs. 1, the main aspects of the newly developed threshing method proposed in connection with it, as well as an understandable combination of components for the device 1 with a variable design, follow.

In this regard, this device 1 is equipped with a cutting mechanism and the like, an inlet 2 by which the harvested material 3 to be collected in the form of grain, corn and the like is fed into the threshing phase 4 against the working movement direction AF (arrow B) . During the threshing phase 4, the harvested material 3, consisting in particular of cut stalks and ears with grains, is obtained in such a way that the corresponding crops and impurities in the form of straw and chaff can be further processed. In FIG. 1 arrow C shows the main direction of formation and discharge of the flow of grain and chaff in the zone of phase 4 of threshing. Arrow D indicates straight, preferably at ground level, the release of impurities in the form of straw and chaff that were withdrawn in this first separation phase.

This preparation and the separation of the harvested material 3 in the threshing phase 4, which are known as such, is followed by the final cleaning process, indicated by the number 5, in which the mixture discharged after the threshing phase 4 in direction C is stratified as a grain/chaff flow, and the residual impurities are separated from the crops in such a way that they can then be collected in the form of grain in the storage bin 6.

Starting from these processes commonly used for harvesting cereals, the threshing method developed according to the invention is characterized in that, during at least one feed phase Z, prior to the final cleaning 5, at least one grain/chaff flow is given a conveying motion ( arrow T) with a component in the vertical direction R and a component in the direction AF' of the working movement according to arrow C (vector representation in FIG. 1, center).

From the constructive implementation of the principle of this process in the corresponding version of the device 1 - which is shown in FIG. 2-7, it is clear that in order to receive the grain/chaff flow C discharged from it, the threshing unit 7 cooperates with the lifting conveyor 8, which deflects it and forms an upward section F of the conveyor relative to the threshing unit 7. Thus, a process control is realized in which the upward conveying motion T - starting from the vertical axis H (as a theoretical limit) - must be optimally aligned in the range of the changing direction angle W in the working motion direction AF.

This provides an unexpectedly effective improvement of the known threshing method, which is characterized in that the grain/chaff flow C, which can also be conveyed in several phases, can be directed into a particularly advantageous confined space by means of the newly generated conveying movement T. As a result, the length can be reduced to a minimum. LD of the threshing and moving system forming the device 1, which can be obtained in the working movement direction AF.

With regard to the entire system in the form of a "harvester", this means that the harvesting conveyor system 1 (Fig. 2) with a highly variable width AB (Fig. 6) in the direction AF of the working movement after changing the position of the respective side supports 29, 30, 31 , 32 of the base (FIG. 6, rotation angle S) transverse to the road direction SF is now located in the determined road direction SF. In this direction of movement of the base support are marked 29', 30', 31' and 32'. This means that the entire system can also be moved in public transport as a largely self-contained unit, since the possible width of traffic on the road can be stored with a value defined as the length LD of the system.

The variable design concept of the threshing method (FIG. 2-FIG. 4) provides for an extension of the design to ensure high performance. The principle shown in Fig. 1 if, based on the width AB, which can be defined as the cutting width - which has several harvesting lines EZ (FIG. 3) as a mowing path - the harvested material 3 can be collected with at least two partial mowing paths TB. Based on FIG. 2 in the views according to FIG. 3 and 4 show the respective method, with the two partial mowing paths TB and TB' entering the zone of the separate moving, threshing and separating sections. With this "double" harvesting performance, the material to be harvested 3 can be further processed in two systems, generally in parallel or synchronously. In this regard, it is possible to combine the flows of grain/chaff, and after the general transport movement T upwards, to collect the separated grain in two storage bins 6, 6' by means of a final cleaning 5.

In this regard, it is clear that the flow C of grain/chaff to be lifted after the threshing phase 4 to the upper outlet of the chaff in one or more directions of movement is fed to the final cleaning 5. It is envisaged that during the cleaning phase the flow of grain/chaff can move with respective axes of movement in the direction AF of the working movement or against it.

In this regard, in this case, it is functionally important that the grain from the grain/chaff stream C, which is moved upwards and separated during the final cleaning 5, is introduced into at least one storage container 6, 6', hopper, etc., located on top regarding process B intake. Before this introduction of the grain into the upper storage container 6, 6' (FIG. 1-FIG. 3), the chaff is removed in one or more separation phases by means of a blowing process and the like (arrow SP). It has been shown that in this second separation phase, namely to separate the chaff SP from the grain/chaff stream C, a combination of wind screening and screening can advantageously be used.

In order to implement the treatment variant with two partial mowing paths TB, TB', it is provided that the harvested material 3, which has been cut and collected in direction B, is conveyed into two synchronous sections of the system in two partial flows 9, 10, 11, 12 that are connected in the transverse direction. (Fig. 4). These two respective partial streams 9, 10 or 11, 12 are thus jointly fed into the threshing process in the area of the threshing blocks 7, 7'. From there, the two separate streams can be transferred to the respective separation phase 13, 14 or 13', 14'. In these separation phases, the release of the impurities is activated according to the arrow D, whereby in particular the mixture of chaff SP' and straw SR is discharged and distributed directly over the arable land zone 15. This release is indicated by arrow D in FIG. one.

In the area of this first separation phase 13, 14, 13', 14', which is carried out in pairs, the respective modules must be arranged in such a way that crops with residual impurities can be fed as grain/chaff stream C to the final cleaning 5 in the upper part systems (Fig. 2, Fig. 3). This makes it clear that the method according to the invention is predominantly aimed at separating and collecting grain in the form of threshed material near the inlet B with an immediate directional discharge of residual impurities in the form of straw SR and chaff SP in a limited space. With such a compact sequence of operations, an optimal cleaning result can be achieved. In this regard, it is preferable to provide that all the impurities collected in the two partial mowing paths TB, TB' can be separated at the earliest possible stage of processing and distributed to a large extent evenly over the harvested area of arable land 15.

The whole concept of the new method is aimed at ensuring that the grain/chaff flow C, which has to be moved in several phases, can now be guided in a particularly narrow space by means of a "deflected" conveying movement T. This leads to an unexpected improvement in design, since the length LB (Fig. . 1), which can be obtained in the direction AF of the working movement and which covers the main components of the inlet, threshing and movement systems, may have minimal dimensions. A system that has a structurally variable working width AB (FIG. 3) in the direction AF of the working movement - in this case with two trajectories TB, TB' of partial mowing - can be aligned to the "length measurement" LB after resetting in the direction of travel on the road SF (arrow S, Fig. 6) in the area of supports 29, 30, 31, 32 of the base - as well as a variable support structure. This means that the maximum dimensions required for road travel are respected and the system can be moved largely independently in public transport.

On the basis of the double arrangement of the threshing systems mentioned above in the area of the partial mowing paths TB, TB', the adaptation of the system according to the invention makes it possible to provide several lifting conveyors 8 shown in FIG. 1 in at least one threshing unit 7, 7'. From the illustrations in Fig. 3-5 it is clear that in this case two lift conveyors 8, 8' are provided, substantially symmetrically to the longitudinal central plane M, to ensure the final cleaning 5, which in this case is in the center. In this regard, the lifting conveyors 8, 8' at least at the upper outlet end 17, 17' naturally cooperate with at least one transverse conveyor 16, which controls the introduction of the grain/chaff flow C, which is moved upwards by means of a corresponding conveying movement T, T' to final cleaning zone 5.

With such a double arrangement of the threshing unit 7, 7' and the lifting conveyors 8, 8', the device 1, which has a working width AB, is adapted to a significant increase in productivity. It has been shown that it is possible to adapt a mowing path defining a large cutting width, or a mowing path of at least the same size compared to known harvesters, in the form of two partial mowing paths TB, TB'. Based on this first component of the efficiency improvement concept, the integrated "vertical alignment" of the system with the deflected conveying movement T, T' of the grain/chaff flow C, C' also has the effect that the mowing path for harvesting can now feed into the individual components of the system by means of comparatively shorter transport paths F. As a result, a more compact overall device 1 is proposed, which provides for the processing of the harvested material 3 with an improved energy balance.

The cost-optimized improvement of the device 1 ensures that the two threshing units 7, 7' are equipped with known modules for sifting, separating and harvesting crops. Variable combinations can then be built in with these modules, in which, behind the area of one or more lifting conveyors 8, 8', respective modules for straw handling and discharge SR and chaffs SP, SP' are functionally effectively fixed. This creates a double threshing unit design that can be integrated as a stand-alone unit into different base designs - for example as mobile system carriers. As a result, different concepts for special applications can be presented to the user.

Based on the front feed with increased throughput in the inlet zone 2 and immediately after the compact first separation, the optimal design in the zone of the second separation phase with grain collection is of particular importance. It is provided that in the zone of the lifting conveyor 8, 8', which captures the grain/chaff flow C, C' to be moved upwards, at least one transverse conveyor 16, which captures the incoming mixture in the final cleaning zone 5, is provided with a transmission compatible with the conveyor and optimized output of grain and chaff SP.

In this regard, the aim is to provide a largely constant thickness 33 of the mixture in the flow zone C, C' of grain/chaff supplied in each case from the lifting phase of the final cleaning 5 in the zone of the separation surface 34 (width BS, length LS ) passing under the transverse conveyor 16 for separating the chaff SP from the grain (Fig. 6).

In the overview illustrations in Fig. 8 and 9 show an improved design in the region of the transverse conveyor 16. The transverse conveyor 16 provided at the outlet end 17 of the lifting conveyor 8 is equipped with a screw 19 which conveys in the axial direction (arrow 35) the mixture passing in the direction of the arrow T, T' according to the conveying movement in the distribution pipe 18, and has a direction of rotation 36. By means of this screw 19 the conveyed partial quantities of mixture can be discharged from the distribution pipe 18 from one side through an axial slot 20 in the bottom. On the other hand, the partial quantity conveyed in the direction of the arrow 35 - corresponding to the conveying direction of the screw 19 - is fed into the filling level detection system marked 21.

This system 21 for determining the level of filling, which can be carried out with structural changes, interacts with at least one rotating accelerating roller 22, 23 under the axial slot 20. As a result of determining the level of filling, the rollers 22, 23 can be influenced so that the distribution of material in the zone the axial slot 20 could be controlled according to the volume flow exiting in the direction of the arrow 36.

Also from the illustrations in Fig. 8 and 9, it is clear that two counter-rotating accelerating rollers 22, 23 are advantageously provided in the area below the axial slot 20, and the volume of the mixture defined therebetween can be changed by changing the distance AE between the two accelerating rollers 22, 23, by which can be influenced by defining 21 fill levels.

Based on the combination of two threshing units described above (FIGS. 2-FIG. 8), it is clear that the cross conveyor 16 has two end feed inlets 17 and 17' in the area of its central distribution pipe 18, which cooperates with the lifting conveyors 8 , eight'. On this basis, the mixture is conveyed towards the center of the pipe M' by means of an appropriate screw 19, 19'. In this area, the determination 21 of the filling level is then arranged in such a way that by adjusting the distance with respect to the axial slot 20 - already described in the area of the auger 19 - the volume of the outgoing grain/chaff 36 flow can be adjusted in view of the further cleaning provided - for example, by wind screening in the direction 37 In FIG. 9 shows in principle the use of a combination of wind screening and screening by arrows 37, SP and 38 (falling grain), showing the respective sieve elements 24, 25, 26 or similar additional modules known as such.

The device described above for implementing the method according to paragraphs. 1-10 can be completed to form the entire mobile unit (Fig. 5-Fig. 7). It is envisaged that the components of at least one inlet 2, as well as at least one further threshing unit 7, 7', are located in the area of the functional wheel 27 (Fig. 6, Fig. 7), which can be designed essentially U-shaped , when viewed from above (FIG. 6), and which can be aligned with the corresponding base supports 29, 30, 31, 32 on the side both when driving in the field 15 and on the road (linear diagram in FIG. 6).

Naturally, at least one lifting conveyor 8, 8' cooperating with the upper final cleaning 5 and a storage hopper 6, 6' are also integrated in this functional frame 27. This demonstrates the modular design of this new type of "harvester" consisting of various modules.

The optimal design of this mobile device 1 can be seen in FIG. 5 and in FIG. 7, wherein at least the cutter 2 of the attachment of the system can be located in the direction AF of the working movement at least in some areas behind the respective supports 29, 31 of the base of the functional frame 27, which in this case are in front. Compared to "linear" harvesters known as such, this leads to the possibility of further optimization such that the front leg axle 40 (FIG. 5), which can be formed between the base legs, no longer limits the space of the system - with dimensions RB and RL - which can be used both in the AF direction of working traffic and during SF traffic on the road.

The overview of the system with functional frame 29 also makes it clear that the cutting, threshing, separating and moving components known as such can be used in such a way that the entire modular assembly can also be provided from a cost optimization point of view. It is clear that for the entire design of the concept of the new combine harvester, the corresponding descriptions of the position, such as "forward", "rear", "forward", "up", "down" and "reverse" refer to the forward direction AF of the working movement, and inlet 2 is usually at the front and the remaining crop is released at the rear.

From professional considerations, it can be concluded that the device 1 described above is equipped with the appropriate drive components for all designs that are not described in detail. for optimal control it is possible to provide appropriately adjustable control units with manually operated and/or automatic components - both in the working direction AF and in the road direction SF. These unspecified electronic and electrical modules may also be located in an area of the driver's cab, which is also not shown. In principle, it is also possible to construct a "driverless" system using differently designed components for programming and remote control.

A device according to the invention with at least one of the features according to claims 11-20 to implement the method according to paragraphs. 1-10 is characterized in that at least one inlet 2 and at least one downstream threshing unit 7, 7' are located in a base support area which can be designed to be substantially U-shaped when viewed from above and provided with appropriate supports. 29, 30; 31, 32 of the base from the sides both when moving both in the field and on the road, and on which at least one lifting conveyor 8, 8' for the conveying movement T, T' can be installed, which interacts with the upper screening element of the final cleaning 5, and at least one storage bin 6, 6'.

For this purpose, it is provided that at least the cutting mechanism 2 of the system is located in the direction AF of the working movement, at least in some areas behind the transverse axis 40 of the respective front supports 29, 31 of the base of the functional frame 27.

An additional advantage is provided by using the known cutting, threshing, separating and moving components as modular modules in the functional frame 27. In addition, the system can be equipped with one or more drive components that can be controlled by at least one control unit.

Another embodiment of the system according to the invention is shown in FIG. 10. The device 1 shown in this case shows that the cutting mechanism 2 (FIG. 5), which determines the mowing path, is given a threshing unit 7'' located essentially in the center and mirrored with respect to the longitudinal central plane M of the system. This provides additional optimization of the design of the entire system (Fig. 4).

Additional design improvements are aimed at optimizing the upper final cleaning zone 5. In the illustrations in FIG. 11-13 show the construction details in the area of this block. It is envisaged that the transverse conveyor 16' provided at the outlet end of the respective lifting conveyor 8, 8' is formed by at least one transverse oscillation conveyor 41, 41' preparing the final cleaning phase. Based on the separation zone 34 already shown (FIG. 6), the modified design in the area of the cross conveyor 16' now provides improved feed into the sieve box. Immediately after the lifting process, the first stage of the sieving and filtering process is carried out in the area of the lifting conveyors 8, 8' in such a way as to ensure a substantially uniform distribution of the grain layer LK or the chaff layer LS (FIG. 13). It has been shown that with the construction shown in FIG. 11-13, it is possible to provide the first phase of the sieving and filtering process SSV with uniform moving layers of bottom grain LK and top chaff LS. This makes it possible to start an efficient wind screening process afterwards with high efficiency. From the cross-sectional image in Fig. 13 it is clear that the two-layer moving layers obtained from the corresponding transverse oscillation conveyor 41, 41' can be affected by at least one transverse air flow L1 or L2. The creation of transverse air flows L1 and L2 is possible with the help of known constructive groups ML. The schematic illustration shows that now in the area L1 and L2 it is possible to start an effective phase of wind screening, so that an efficient transfer of the chaff to the division is possible, especially in the region of the division zone 34'.

The implementation of this multi-phase wind screening ensures that the respective lateral oscillation conveyors 41, 41' can interact with at least one catching plate 42 located below them. From this catcher plate 42, the movable layers LK, LS, already created here by the vibration process numbered 41, can be displaced to at least one lower separation surface 34' located at the drop level 43. Naturally, at least in the area of this fall level 43, separation can take place by means of air separation by the air stream L1. Advantageously, this is designed in such a way that on the way to the lower sieve box 45 a second drop level 44 is integrated into the system, so that the grain passes through the sieve box 45 largely free of chaff and can be transferred in the usual way to the storage containers 6, 6' (Fig. 5).

Claims (24)

1. A threshing method for harvesting cereals, in which they are separated, specifically in the form of grains, from the harvested material (3) to be harvested, which is fed into the threshing phase (4) after the harvesting process (arrow B) occurring against the direction (AF) working movement, and during this phase the harvested material (3) is treated as the respective crops, as well as straw (SR) and chaff (SP') impurities (arrow C, arrow D), in such a way that the main unloaded impurities (arrow D) are separated from the crops, and they with sex or fine particles are fed as a stream (C) grain / chaff for final cleaning (5), and the grain, which does not contain these residual impurities, is collected essentially as crops, characterized in that during at least one feeding phase (Z) preceding the final cleaning (5), at least one grain/chaff flow (C) is given a conveying motion (T) having a component in the vertical direction (R) upwards and a component in the direction (AF') of the labor movement. 2. The threshing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow (C) of grain/chaff to be moved in phases in the direction of the upper final cleaning (5) is guided by conveying movements (T) and thus the length (LB) the threshing and moving system that can be obtained in the direction (AF) of the working movement can be minimized in such a way that the crop moving system having a variable working width (AB) in the direction (AF) of the working movement, after changing the position across the direction (AF) traffic can be arranged in the form of a transport installation (arrow S) in such a way that this system can be moved autonomously in public transport in the direction of travel along the road (SF) defined by this installation. 3. The threshing method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the flow (C) of grain/chaff to be moved upwards, starting from the threshing phase followed by a transport movement (T), is fed to the final cleaning (5) in one or more direction for chaff discharge (SP) and the grain/chaff flow (C) is directed during cleaning with respective movement axes in or against the working movement direction (AF). 4. The threshing method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the grain from the flow (C) grain/chaff, which is moved upwards and separated during the final cleaning (5), is introduced into at least one storage container (6, 6') located on top of the process (B) collection and threshing. 5. The threshing method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the chaff (SP) is released in one or more separation phases before the grain is introduced into the upper storage container (6, 6'). 6. The threshing method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that a combination of wind screening (arrow 37) and screening (arrow 38) is used to separate the chaff (SP) from the grain/chaff stream (C). 7. The threshing method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that, starting from the mowing path defining the cutting width with harvesting lines (EZ), the harvested material (3) is collected with at least two partial mowing paths (TB, TB'), which then enter the area separate trajectories of movement, threshing and separation, and in connection with which the harvested material (3) is further processed in parallel in two systems, and after the conveying movement (T) with upward movement of grain and chaff, the grain is separated and collected by subsequent final cleaning (5). 8. The threshing method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-7, characterized in that the harvested material (3), cut off in the area of partial trajectories (TB, TB') of mowing, passes in each case in the form of two transversely connected partial flows (9, 10; 11, 12), these two partial streams (9, 10; 11, 12) are moved as single streams (9, 10; 11, 12), each of which is jointly fed into the threshing process, after which two separate streams are transferred to the corresponding phase (13, 14 ; 13', 14') of separation, and here the release of impurities is activated (arrow D), and crops with residual impurities are separated in line with the grain/chaff flow (C) of the final cleaning (5) located on top of the system. 9. The threshing method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, characterized in that the separation and collection of grain in the form of threshed material near the inlet (2) is directed towards the immediate release of residual impurities in the form of straw (SR) and chaff (SP'), so that all impurities collected in two trajectories (TB, TB') of partial mowing are evenly distributed over the harvested area of arable land (15). 10. The threshing method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-9, characterized in that the threshed material with residual impurities is moved upwards as a grain/chaff flow (C) to the area above the inlet (2), and the last separation step is performed here in the form of final cleaning (5). 11. Device for implementing the method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-10, in which the harvested material (3), supplied by the cutting mechanism, is drawn into the threshing unit (4), in which the straw (arrow D) and the grain/chaff flow (C) are separated, after the final cleaning (5) of which the grain can be feed into the storage hopper (6), characterized in that the threshing unit (4) to collect the flow (C) of grain/chaff released from it interacts with the lifting conveyor (8, 8'), which deflects the flow (C) of grain /chaff and forms a movement section directed upwards relative to the threshing unit (4), so that the flow (C) of the grain/chaff has at least a phased conveying movement (T), which has a component in the vertical direction (R) and a component in the direction ( AF') labor movement. 12. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that in at least one threshing unit (7, 7',7'') located close to the ground, one or more lifting conveyors (8, 8') are/are presented. 13. Device according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the lifting conveyor (8, 8') cooperates with at least one transverse conveyor (16). 14. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 11-13, characterized in that two threshing units (7, 7') with at least one lifting conveyor (8, 8') operating essentially parallel to each other are connected to a cutting mechanism (2) that determines the mowing path. 15. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 11-14, characterized in that two threshing units (7, 7') equipped with modules for sieving, separating and collecting grain crops and modules for processing and releasing straw (SR), as well as chaff (SP, SP'), are provided in the area of one or more lifting conveyors (8, 8'). 16. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 11-15, characterized in that the threshing unit (7, 7'), forming in particular a combination of two threshing units, can be integrated as a stand-alone unit into the basic structures as a device containing the system. 17. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 11-16, characterized in that in the zone of the lifting conveyor (8, 8') detecting the flow (C) of grain/chaff to be lifted, at least one transverse conveyor (16) is provided, which detects the incoming mixture in the zone before the final cleaning ( 5) so that a substantially constant thickness of the separation mixture (33) can be achieved in the grain/chaff flow zone (C) fed from the lift phase of the final cleaning (5). 18. Device according to claim 17, characterized in that the transverse conveyor (16) provided at the outlet end of the lifting conveyor (8, 8') is provided with at least one screw (19) which moves the incoming mixture (C) in an axial direction in the distribution pipe (18), by means of which partial quantities of the mixture (C) forming the flow of grain/chaff moving in the distribution pipe (18), on the one hand, move through the axial slot (20) in the base, and on the other hand , are fed in the direction (35) of movement to the fill level detector (21), the latter interacting with at least one accelerating roller (22) rotating under the axial slot (20) so that the distribution (36) of the material can be controlled by changing their distance (AE) in the area of the axial slot (20). 19. The device according to claim 18, characterized in that in the area under the axial slot (20) two accelerating rollers (22, 23) are provided, rotating in opposite directions, and the mixture volume (C) found between them can be changed by changing distance (AE) between two accelerating rollers (22, 23), which can be influenced by determining (21) the filling level. 20. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 17-19, characterized in that the transverse conveyor (16) has at its ends two loading inlets (17, 17') in the area of the distribution pipe (18), of which in each case one screw (19, 19') moves the mixture (C ) in the direction of the center (M') of the pipe, the corresponding filling curve (FK, FK') rises in this zone and this can be detected with the controllable fill level detector (21). 21. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 11-20, characterized in that the threshing unit (7'') located essentially in the center and in a mirror inverted form to the longitudinal central plane (M) of the system is connected to the cutting mechanism (2) that determines the mowing path. 22. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 11-17, characterized in that the transverse conveyor (16') provided at the outlet end of the lifting conveyor (8, 8') is formed by at least one conveyor (41, 41') with transverse oscillation, preparing the final cleaning, in such a way that the first phase of the sieving and filtering process (SSV) can be provided with uniform movement positions of the bottom grain (LK) and the top chaff (LS). 23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the two-layer moving layers obtained from the corresponding transverse oscillation conveyor (41, 41') can be affected by at least one transverse air flow (L1, L2) in such a way that a more efficient air separation phase (L1, L2) could be carried out in the area above at least one separation surface (34'). 24. The device according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the respective conveyors (41, 41') with transverse oscillation interact with at least one catching plate (42) located below them, with which the moving layers (LK, LS) can be moved in the direction of at least one lower separation surface (34') located at the drop level (43), and separation by air separation (L1, L2) is provided at least in the area of this drop level (43) in such a way that through the second level (44) of the fall into the lower sieve chamber (45) passes the cleaned grain.

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