RU2677352C1 - Cleaning combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: cleaning combine harvester relates to agricultural machinery. Cleaning combine harvester contains a transport board, a finger grid, a fan, an upper sieve, a cleaning drive mechanism, a lower sieve, a finish threshing device. Finger grid is made with the overlap of the upper sieve to the middle and has a grid mounted on top. Above the finger grating, shafts with equipped wire rods with planed disks are installed. At the end of the upper sieve, a finish threshing device is installed, which is made in the form of a mesh drum with a deaf concave and blades, the ends of which are equipped with whips for threshing spikelets.

EFFECT: effective cleaning of the combine harvester is provided.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in cleaning systems of combine harvesters.

       A known combine harvester comprising a housing located on a single-axle wheeled drive, in which a threshing device, a straw walker, cleaning, a grain and spike augers are connected, connected with an unloading auger equipped with a window with a shutter located above the scrubbing, and an ears breaking mechanism located in its initial parts, a trailed grain bunker with a wheeled drive, a bread picker, a conveyor feeding straw and floor to the stacker, a transmission connecting the combine with a tractor and a grain bunker to drive the drive of the working organs from the tractor’s power take-off shaft, in which, in order to increase productivity and reliability, the wheel drive of the combine is installed under the body, while its axis is pivotally connected to the wheel drive axis of the grain hopper by means of a spacer pipe, the mechanism for breaking ears is made in the form of a removable screw prefixes connected with the shaft of the unloading auger and a half-cylinder deck, and under the window of the unloading auger a thrower is installed to evenly feed the crushed heap for cleaning; the unloading auger is equipped with a swinging grain distributor; its wheel drive is equipped with an additional periodic drive from the rear counter-drive. [SU 1400535https: //gnb1.ru/catalog/instrumenty_i_shtangi_1/burovye_golovki_1/burovye_golovki_2/234837001_burovaya_golovka_s_tortsevoy_zagruzkoy_v_sbore_2_04kh04_12kh_n_kh_04khno_12kh__kh_kh5 07/06/1988]

     It is known to clean the Yenisei 1200 combine harvester, which includes a screen, a two-sieve mill with an extension of the upper sieve and a fan. The gaps of the louvres of the sieves and extension cord, as well as the frequency of rotation of the winged fan are adjustable. The combine thresher is equipped with a pounding device. [Http://www.autoopt.ru/auto/encyclopedia/tractor/kzk/mark/kzk-enisey-1200a/https://gnb1.ru/catalog/instrumenty_i_shtangi_1/burovye_golovki_1/burovye_golovki_2/234837001_burovaya_golovka_s_tortsevoy_zagruzkoy_v_sbore_2_125_16kh20_40kh40/ Purification Harvester 1200 Yenissei publ. 03/23/1989]

     It is known to clean a Niva SK 5 combine harvester manufactured by the Rostselmash plant, which includes a straw walker, a transport (shake) board, a finger (leveling) grid, an upper sieve, an extension of the upper sieve, a lower sieve, a slope board, a grain auger, an auger, a grain elevator, spike elevator, ramp extension board, scoop, chopping drum with knives, chopper auger, chopper fan, hopper, cleaning fan. [http://selhoztehnik.com/kombajn-niva-sk-5, combine harvester Niva SK 5 publ. 30/10/2017]

     The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect is the cleaning of the combine harvester, which contains a transport board, fan, sieves, grain and spike augers, a spike elevator with a grinding device, a switchgear (screw) installed at the end of the transport board and consisting of a casing along the bottom of the casing part, an additional beam is installed, to which removable shields are attached with the possibility of their location in the central part of the beam or along its edges. [RU2486745, Cleaning the combine harvester, publ. 07/10/2013]

        The disadvantages of these analogues are low productivity, complicated adjustment of the cleaning system and, as a result, significant grain losses during harvesting.

        The technical problem of the proposed solution is the creation of a reliable, efficient cleaning system for a combine harvester, which provides a reduction in grain losses, a decrease in the number of operational failures, an increase in cleaning performance, as well as elimination of the disadvantages of these analogues.

The technical results of the claimed utility model are to reduce grain losses, reduce the number of operational failures, increase cleaning performance, increase reliability.

The indicated technical results are achieved by the fact that in cleaning a combine harvester containing a transport board, a finger grate, a fan, an upper sieve, a cleaning drive mechanism, a lower sieve, and a grinding machine, according to the claimed invention, the finger grate is made elongated with the upper sieve overlapping to the middle and has installed on top of the mesh, with shafts equipped with oblique disks equipped with wire rods above the finger grate, and at the end of the upper sieve molachivayuschee device in a mesh drum having a concave and blind blades, the ends of which are equipped with whips threshing of ears.

Due to the fact that the finger grate is made elongated with the mesh installed and the upper sieve is overlapped until the middle, the grain passes unhindered with a delay in the straw mass. Due to the fact that shafts with skew discs equipped with wire rods are installed above the finger grate, straw pickup is improved. In this case, the disks move the straw mass in the longitudinal and transverse directions, together with the air coming from the fan, loosen the mass, which contributes to a more intensive separation of grain on the upper sieve, with the exception of congestion of the straw mass on the upper sieve. The use of a domolach device installed behind the upper sieve in the form of a mesh drum having a dull concave of the blade at the top, the ends of which are equipped with scourges, makes it possible to select the remaining heap moving from the upper sieve with movement to the mesh drum. Due to the deaf concave, it is possible to grind spikelets with the removal of the straw mass beyond the limits of cleaning. All this provides a reduction in grain losses, a decrease in the number of operational failures, an increase in cleaning performance, and an increase in the productivity of the cleaning system of a combine harvester. The use of a mesh drum with blades eliminates congestion of the straw mass with under-ground grain, prevents the combine harvester from stopping to clean the top sieve and extension, which also improves reliability, efficiency, productivity of the combine harvester and reduces grain losses.

Cleaning the combine harvester is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a diagram of a cleaning device for a combine harvester, figure 2 shows shafts with skew discs, and figure 3 shows a process diagram of a domolachny device.

           Cleaning the combine harvester contains a transport board 1 (figure 1) with a finger grate 2, made elongated. A mesh 3 is installed on the finger grate 2. At the bottom of the cleaning of the combine harvester there is a fan 4 for blowing the upper 5 and lower 6 sieves. The upper and lower sieves 5, 6, the transport board 1 with a finger grate 2 are suspended on suspensions (not shown in the figure) interacting with a crank mechanism consisting of an oscillating shaft 7 and connecting rods 8. The finger grate 2 is made elongated with the overlapping of the upper sieve 5 to the middle. Above the finger grate 2, shafts with bevelled discs 9 (figure 2) are installed, having wire rods 10 installed in a circle of bevelled discs 9. Behind the upper sieve 5 there is a domolating device in the form of a mesh drum 11 (figure 1, 3) with blades 12 at the ends, equipped with whips 13. In the upper part of the mesh drum 11 there is a deaf concave 14 for threshing the remaining spikelets. The mesh 15 of the mesh drum serves to clean the grain from the straw mass. The ramp board 16 is located under the mesh drum 11. At the bottom of the ramp board 16 there is a grain auger 17 (figure 1) for feeding grain to the grain elevator (not shown in the figure) and then a storage hopper (not shown) of the combine.

Cleaning the combine harvester works as follows. During the threshing of grain crops, grain and straw impurities are released onto the transport board of the combine 1, which, due to oscillatory movements created by the crank-cleaning mechanism, are moved to the finger grate 2, which is elongated and overlaps the front of the upper sieve 5 and allows the sieve 5 to be relieved, or rather from the straw mass. On the finger grid 2 in the experimental model, a metal mesh 3 is fixed with a cell 15X15 (millimeters), which does not interfere with the passage of grain and does not allow straw particles. Shafts located above the mesh 3 with oblique disks 9 together with the air flow of fan 4 actively loosen the straw mass, increasing the passage of grain to the clean part of the upper sieve 5. Under the action of the drive mechanism and vibrations of the upper 5 and lower 6 sieves, the air stream from the fan 4 is the straw mass moving, divided into fractions. The grain cleaned on the upper 5 and lower 6 sieves enters the grain auger 17, and the remaining straw mass enters the dominating device, where the mesh drum 11 rotates and grabs the straw mass with blades 12, cleaning the back of the upper sieve 5, moving it to the output of the combine . In this case, due to the deaf concave 14 installed in the upper part and the pests 13 installed at the ends of the blades 12, the remaining spikelets are grinded, grain is caught and separated through the mesh 15, which is fed to the grain auger 17 through the ramp board 16 (Figure 1) and fed to the grain elevator ( the figure is not shown) in the storage hopper (not shown) of the combine. For existing combine harvesters with an extension cord, the angle of inclination of the latter relative to the upper sieve does not exceed 30 degrees. However, it is some obstacle to the passage of the straw mass. During the operation of the combine, mass accumulation very often occurs in the transition zone to the extension cord. This happens when threshing overripe or stunted stands. The home-treatment device unloads the upper sieve, which ensures the separation of grain along its entire length. Moreover, in the experimental model, the angle formed by the drum 11 and the upper sieve 5 is 90 degrees, which makes it possible to apply an increased air flow rate from the fan 10. The mass will move in a more balanced state with increased opening of the blinds of the upper 5 and lower 6 sieves, increasing the intensity separation. Excluding grain losses from existing combines and increasing the productivity of the latter. When using a home-tacking device, there is no need to have a half-accumulator, an extension of the upper sieve, an assembled spike auger, a spike elevator, and a small spike auger.

Claims (1)

Cleaning the combine harvester, comprising a transport board, a finger grate, a fan, an upper sieve, a cleaning drive mechanism, a lower sieve, and a home-wrapping device, characterized in that the finger grate is overlapped with the upper sieve to the middle and has a mesh installed on top, while above the finger mesh shafts with skew-mounted disks equipped with wire rods are installed, and at the end of the upper sieve there is a domolating device made in the form of a mesh drum having a blind and concave blades, the ends of which are equipped with whips threshing ears.

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